This document discusses teamwork and provides guidance on effective teamwork. It defines a team as a group working together towards a common goal. Teamwork requires cooperation, communication, and working to achieve that common goal. The document outlines stages of team development, skills needed for teamwork like communication and problem solving, and guidelines for effective teamwork including developing a team agreement, conducting effective meetings, and managing projects and conflicts.

1. TEAMWORK
Project 447
CT231 & CT216
Catherine Cronin
6th
November 2012
CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 cindy47452

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Team Working
Benefits Challenges

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What is a TEAM?

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What is a TEAM?
a group of people working
together to achieve
a common goal

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What is TEAMWORK?

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What is TEAMWORK?
the ability to cooperate and
communicate effectively with others
to achieve a common goal

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Source: www.dnainfo.com

8. 8 facebook.com/OccupySandyReliefNyc

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TEAMWORK INDIVIDUAL
WORK
o Agree on goals / milestones
o Establish tasks to be completed
o Communicate / monitor progress
o Solve problems
o Interpret results
o Agree completion of project
o Work on tasks
o Work on new / revised tasks

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Stages of Team Development
Forming (assemble team; deal with ambiguity)
Source: Bruce Tuckman (1965) Small Group Development
Storming (deal with criticism; develop ideas)
Norming (procedures, cohesion)
Performing (cooperation)
[Adjourning]

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Maturity Continuum
DEPENDENCE
INDEPENDENCE
INTERDEPENDENCE
Source: Stephen R. Covey (1989) The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People

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4 paradigms of human interaction
Courage
Consideration
Lose / Win Win / Win
Lose / Lose Win / Lose

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Win/Win
If Win/Win is such an ideal, why don’t we do
it all the time?
What gets in the way?

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Key Teamwork SKILLS
1. INTERPERSONAL
• Trust / acceptance
• Communication
• Collaborative problem-solving
• Conflict resolution
2. SELF / PROJECT MANAGEMENT
• Goal setting
• Planning
• Task co-ordination
• Performance management
Source: Slyke, Trimmer, Kittner (2004) Teaching Teamwork in IS Courses

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A few TEAMWORK guidelines…
1. Effective communication
2. Team Working Agreement
3. Effective meetings
4. Project management
5. Conflict management

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1. Effective communication
 Communicate openly & supportively
 Listen openly
 Interpret nonverbal messages
 Give useful feedback
 Receive feedback effectively

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2. Team Working Agreement
What is it?
• Expectations each team has for its members
• Designed specifically for your team
• Effectively a contract which all team members
sign up to… each team member is expected to
abide by that contract

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Team Working Agreement
Key points:
• Tailor to meet the specific needs of your team
members
• Each team member needs to input
• The agreement is a chance for all members to
voice their opinions
• All members will be accountable for statements
in the agreement

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Team Working Agreement:
Issues to consider
• effective communication method(s)
• participation by all members
• decision-making
• problem-solving approaches
• management of conflict / differences
• responsibilities & conduct

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SAMPLE:
Boeing Code of Cooperation for Teams
• EVERY member is responsible for the team’s progress and
success
• Attend all team meetings; be on time
• Listen to & show respect for view of members
• Criticize ideas, not persons
• Use & expect constructive feedback
• Resolve conflicts constructively
• Always strive for win-win situations
• Avoid destructive behaviour
• Ask questions when you do not understand
Source: http://aircraftdesign.nuaa.edu.cn/PD-2006/PDF/P1-requirement%20and%20schedule.pdf

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3. Meeting Guidelines (sample)
 Project meetings will be held every .
 Meetings will be called by .
 Meetings will begin and end on time.
 Decisions will be made by consensus/ majority
rule/anarchy.
 Role of scribe will rotate.
 Minutes will be issued by e-mail within 24 hours of
each meeting.
 Exceptions allowable/not allowable.

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4. Project Management
• Start with consensus on project GOAL
• Then work to a project PLAN
Milestone Responsibility Date

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5. Conflict
• People typically fear and avoid conflict
• Most people believe conflict does not belong
in the workplace
However, dynamic organizations use
conflict as a CREATIVE FORCE.

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TEAMWORK INDIVIDUAL
WORK
o Agree on goals / milestones
o Establish tasks to be completed
o Communicate / monitor progress
o Solve problems
o Interpret results
o Agree completion of project
o Work on tasks
o Work on new / revised tasks

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Teamwork in a Software
Development Environment
COMMUNICATION
– Communicate well; listen openly
KEEP THE PROJECT ON TRACK
– Work to the plan to keep motivation high
– Update the plan as things change
CONFLICT
– Accept and work with/through conflict
– Develop a constructive conflict style