Case Analysis Of Texaco

Case Analysis Of Texaco
1. Identify the ethical culture problem at Texaco in the mid–1990s. Based on the case analysis, the
ethical cultural problem at Texaco during the mid–1990's included racism and discrimination against
the minority community of African American employees as part of which these employees were
confronted with racist language and lower pay. 2. Based on the facts in the case and what you have
learned in Chapter 5, evaluate the culture change effort that is underway. What cultural systems
have been targeted in the cultural change effort? What systems are missing, if any? Does the culture
appear to be in alignment? Misalignment? What else might management do that they have not
already done to make the culture change successful? On the basis of information presented in the
case study, the most important effort that Texaco as an organization witnessed was the commitment
of the CEO, Peter Bijur, towards introducing the cultural change. The CEO restructured the
organizational culture by showing commitment towards diversity by implementing changes in
hiring policies, decision making hierarchy/process, reward system and other related rules and
policies. As part of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For instance, unlike Merck, where every new marketing campaign was evaluated by legal counsel
and the associated regulatory team, TAP practiced a completely different process where only
numbers mattered. In addition, Douglas also personally listened to the conference call where sales
representatives were openly discussing bribing urologists with an up–front "administration fee" to
doctors who prescribed Lupron, the company's new drug for prostate cancer. Therefore, it was easy
for Douglas to figure out the deficiencies and tomfoolery in the TAP's culture that was completely
different to what he had
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The Robinson-Patman Act
Alexandra Willms The Legal Environment of Business Optional Paper: The Robinson–Patman Act
Due: December 4, 2014 The Robinson–Patman Act is an amendment to section 2 of the 1914
Clayton Antitrust Act that aims to eliminate price discrimination. In short, "Congress enacted the
RPA in 1936 to protect small businesses from larger businesses using their size advantages to extract
more favorable prices and terms from small businesses."(1) It is designed to level the playing field
between small businesses and large corporations. The RPA is a multifaceted act with numerous
stipulations because often, the cases presented are not black and white in accordance with the law.
In order to make a claim under this act, the following must be true. The ... Show more content on
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Gull Oil Company sold the gas under its own name to approximately 15 stations in the area while
Dompier Oil Company sold to approximately 8–10 stations under the Texaco brand. Although the
president of Dompier did own 2 of the stations for part of the relevant time period, as wholesalers,
neither company directly competed with the petitioners. Based on the original law, this would
normally render the case irrelevant because a result of price inequalities from a firm does not
implicate or make the supplier liable. It was decided that a violation would occur if "(1) the discount
they received was not cost–based and (2) all or a portion of it was passed on by them to customers
of theirs who competed with (the disfavored buyer)." (Pet. App. A8. –––4) The court then ruled that
the burden by the plaintiffs had been proved. There was enough evidence to show that the gas
stations that were provided by Gull and Dompier boosted sales while, correspondingly, injuring
competitions'

Indigenous Struggle For A Life With Dignity
Jenny Melin
INT 203
Dr. Stephen Haymes
Indigenous Struggle for a Life with Dignity in the Ecuadorian Amazon
In this paper I argue that lawsuit filed against ChevronTexaco for dumping 18 billion gallons of
toxic wastewater, spilling roughly 17 millions gallons of crude oil, and leaving hazardous waste in
hundreds of open pits dug out of the forest floor have affected more than the ecosystem of the
Ecuadorian Amazon. ChevronTexaco has also completely threatened the Ecuadorian indigenous
people's way of life and was able to delegitimize their claim due to the global capitalist system and
lack of epistemic justice. However I also argue in this paper that the indigenous people's struggle
against ChevronTexaco is an exemplification of resistance to the global capitalist system and stands
in solidarity with the global justice movement. Indigenous peoples is a term especially used in the
international context to recognize the existence of ancestral peoples who existed prior to the
formation of modern nation–states and whose way of life was, and is, historically denied, outraged
and discriminated against. In September 2007 the United Nations Declaration on the Human Rights
of Indigenous Peoples was signed. This represents a huge discursive change within the international
context when recognizing the importance of indigenous people's livelihoods. Indigenous ethos
versus western ethos is extremely different in how they identify themselves. Indigenous peoples
characteristically

Dishonestness In The Amazon Rainforest
Many people are for the economic development of their countries, but for the Kichwa villagers if
the economic development meant giving up their territory in the Amazon rainforest then they were
against it. The Kichwa villagers wanted to protect the rainforest from the Ecuadorean army and one
of the biggest companies in South America. The land covers 70,000 hectares of pristine rainforest.
The villagers were told by the Petro Amazonas a state–backed oil company that they would begin
prospecting on January 15, 2013. The community members began a legal battle to stop the state–run
firm assisted by a British businesswoman, who was married to a village shaman and was appointed
to run an Eco Lodge. Not only was the economic development of the Amazon ... Show more content
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The company offered new schools, university places for the village children and better healthcare,
which provides compensation of only 40 dollars per hectare according to copies the Guardian had
seen. The offer was later dropped. Klider Gualinga, a community secretary, said more than 80
percent of villagers opposed the oil deal. But some villagers were pushing it through against their
wishes and local rules. Gualinga says villagers think the oil deal is dishonest and the oil company is
treating them like dogs. Gualinga believes the company has no respect for the land or the planet.
Ultimately there is no deal, nothing agreed. The villagers don't want the oil company. They are upset
and worried; Gualinga said they have decided to fight to the end. Gualinga says that if there is a
conflict, their chances of success against the armed and trained military are slim. The Sani Islander
are scared but determined. One of the arguments in favor of the oil exploration comes from Minister
Rafael Poveda who says that the first oil in 2016 is expected to flow. Poveda says they are
optimizing cost and increasing production areas with better

The Sherman Antitrust Act: Standard Oil Co. Of California
The Sherman Antitrust Act broke apart Standard oil into several pieces in 1911, and one of these
pieces, named Standard Oil Co. of California, would later become Chevron. It was a part of the
"Seven Sisters", which dominated the oil industry on a global level in the early 20th century.
Standard oil of California could only use the name when it was in California, and so it adopted the
name Chevron. In 1933, Saudi Arabia Granted the company a concession to find oil, which led to
the discovery of oil in Saudi Arabia, and the world's largest oil field.
Chevron decided to transfer its natural gas gathering, marketing and operating to the NGC
Corporation in exchange for a roughly 25% equity stake in NGC. Chevrons stake later climbed to
28% when

Amistad : The Atlantic Slave Trade
Topic: The historical subject addressed in the film, Amistad, is the atlantic slave trade. Although
Britain outlawed the transatlantic slave trade in the 1807, it endured for nearly sixty years illegally
after its abolition. Especially among countries like Portugal and Spain who held colonies in South
America and the Caribbean which were used for the production of labor intensive cash crops such as
sugar, and heavily relied on the manual labor provided by slaves. Working conditions in South
America and in the Caribbean were so terrible that the average life expectancy of a slave was
twenty–three years. In the United States, however, working conditions were much more favorable.
As a result, slave populations were able to increase naturally, this explains why the number of
imported slaves from Africa to the United States was incredibly small, and also why the majority of
slaves were imported from Africa to the Caribbean and South America. The atlantic slave trade
endured nor nearly three centuries, and brought over ten million Africans to the Americas. Many
African kings enriched their realms through the atlantic slave trade. However, the constant need for
slaves among European nations fostered competition among neighboring kingdoms. This created
warfare, and slaves became the motivation for war. For kingdoms to protect themselves from slave
raids they needed European weapons, which was one of the main commodities Europeans traded
with African kings and merchants for slaves.

Texaco Billboard Research Paper
The United States of America uses transportation to trade with China as clothes, foods and cars. The
use of technology has increased businesses in order to have the companies spread worldwide and to
increase money. To apply for jobs nowadays fast–food restaurants look for students with a high
school diploma. Students who go to school and work at the same time, sometimes drop out to help
support the family at tough moments as parents losing their jobs which would affect the students in
the future. The expansion of technology taking over the culture and leaving people closer to the
increase of poverty. In the Texaco Billboard it shows how time cannot be paused or rewind, so one
has to adapt to life moving forward even if it means dealing with

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay
It is obvious that people have become more conscious of the ethical and social responsibilities of
business over recent decades, suggesting that the modern businesspeople should not only consider
about profitability but also extent to what they can contribute to the whole society. A quote by Anita
Roddick generally demonstrates the spirit of being ethically and socially responsible: "The business
of business should not be about money. It should be about responsibility. It should be about public
good, not private greed." With the increasing significance of the harmonization of society, the view
about whether businesses should be responsible for both ethics and society has been sparked off a
heated discussion. From some people's perspective, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Garriga and Mele later summarized four categories to be socially responsible, which are
instrumental, political, integrative and ethical theories (Ismail, 2009; p200). Generally speaking, the
distinction between ethic responsibilities and CSR is that, the former aims at evaluating an
individual's or a work group's decisions, while CSR concerns about the activities of the whole
business (Ferrell et al, 2013; p30).
Some people tend to believe that since the ethical responsibilities of an organization are only
reflected by individuals or a group of people rather than the performance of entire business, it would
not have much significant impact on the organization directly when it does not attach much
importance on ethical responsibilities. Here is an associated example of a corporation being lack of
ethical accountable. According to Singer (1999; online), in 1994, six African–Americans workers of
Texaco claimed that they were racially discriminated by Texaco for being not promoted at an
equivalent rate as the equally qualified Caucasian staff and paid less when coping with an equivalent
works and responsibilities as those employees. Texaco had been

Amazon Watch Research Paper
Founded in 1996, Amazon Watch's is a non–profit organization whose main mission is to ensure the
protection of rainforests together with their unique indigenous populations (Amazon Watch, 2016).
Their toil is to create an understanding, appreciation and valuing of nature by people and
corporations alike. To achieve this end, they engage with governments, civic societies, and
companies to raise awareness and prevent rampant destruction of the eco–balance in these places
especially by business interests. Rainforests are very vital in terms of regulating the world's climate
as well as with the provision of fresh water (Wonderopolis, 2016). Additionally, they are home to
fast disappearing numbers of people who in most cases, have their whole lives ... Show more
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Chevron, fearing that the people might win, asked to be tried in Ecuador with the hope of
influencing the judges' decision via bribes and threats among other devices. After a long struggle, it
was granted its wish to be tried in Ecuador. Although the government had asked Texaco in their
contract agreement to protect the environment in the beginning, the latter went on to disregard that
clause resulting in the destructive aftermath.
A very sad thing to discover is the attitude of Texaco towards the pollution of such unthinkable
proportion. They were quoted having said that they did were of the belief that they could actually
pollute the Ecuadorean environment at a hundred times higher than those allowable in the United
States (Justicia Para Ecuador). Bizarre as it was, their actions left about 30,000 people at the risk of
contracting one of the diseases aforementioned (ChevronToxico,

Essay on Exxon Mobil
ExxonMobil is the largest publicly traded oil and gas producing company. ExxonMobil does
business in 200 countries world–wide (1). Some countries are designated for exploring gas and
petroleum, and some are designated for manufacturing chemicals, lubricants, and market fuels (1).
ExxonMobil's world–class petroleum portfolio gives access to proven reserves of 21.9 billion oil–
equivalent barrels of oil and gas, which is the highest in the industry (1). The company's discovered
resources consist of 72 billion oil equivalent barrels of oil and gas. On average, each day, they
produce 2.5 million barrels of oil and 10.5 billion cubic feet of gas (4). Their asset base, includes
more than 60,000 production wells in 1,800 fields in 25 countries. ... Show more content on
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Competition in the oil industry is separated by about 10 cents here in the US. The difference
between ARCCO, Shell, Mobil, and Chevron, is between 1 and 10 cents. Oil companies don't
compete with each other. With gas prices constantly fluctuating towards the $3 mark, there is little
room to raise prices. Consumers will not pay 25 cents more for a gallon of gas. Although Chevron
Texaco and ExxonMobil make have a slight difference in price at the pump, the will not try to do
anything to rock the boat. Chevron Texaco, or Texaco Shell, is the leading competitor to
ExxonMobil. Texaco is in the same areas of business as Exxon. Their petroleum products and
lubricants are sold in the same markets, stores, and in many cases opposite street corners from each
other. The two companies are very similar, but Exxon's recent petroleum deals in the Middle East
and Africa have allowed its stock price to jump ahead for the time being (1). In the industry, the two
companies mainly compete for the ability to negotiate for new production. The competition is not
made at the pump or at the local auto store. It seems that it's more important to control oil than it is
to sell it quickly. Because oil has so much value and power in the world, the industry is made of
semi–friendly companies. Surviving and making as much profit as possible, is more important than
trying to put people out of business. Exxon's

Saudi Aramco Essays
Saudi Aramco
The largest world supplier oil company is Saudi Aramco. It is the most profitable company on the
earth. Since it is the most powerful oil company, it has a great impact on the world economy. As a
result, a strong international relationship was built with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In addition,
the strong developing of international relationship with other industrial countries resulted in massive
contributions to the politics, economy, and many different aspects. In 1933, Saudi government
bestowed oil concession to California Arabian Standard Oil Company (Chevron). The main factor
for this grant was to explore the oil in the eastern region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. After
discovering a huge amount of oil, part of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, the Arab Peninsula was not like other Arab countries which were colonized. Arab
Peninsula which eventually became Kingdom of Saudi Arabia remained relinquished with no
boundaries. After King Abdul Aziz who was supported by Great Britain united Arabs and defeated
the hostiles in quarter of century of severe wars began to search for investments in order to reinforce
his economy. He was urging British Petroleum to explore the oil in Saudi Arabia while the British
Petroleum company was negotiating with him not for interest but for preventing other companies to
enter this area. However, a former British official who had left his service and converted to Islam
became a loyal adviser for King Abdul Aziz, John Philby, and so he did a great job bringing foreign
companies to the Kingdom. In fact, he was the one who suggested opening a competition among the
oil companies. Taking that suggestion, King Abdul Aziz signed a sixty years oil concession
agreement with Chevron in 1933 covering the whole eastern region of Saudi Arabia. Faced with
such difficulties exploring job, Chevron had to sell 50% of the concession to Texaco. Surprisingly,
that area became the richest oil area, and it still is even today.
Interconnecting with the USA:
It was vital to nationalize Chevron and Texaco due to many factors. First, the two companies were
concerned that the Nazi move might come through the Persian Gulf. Another factor was the

Essay on Texaco Case Study
Symptoms of Problems at Texaco
Identification of Root Problems and Unresolved Issues
Highly qualified African–American employees filed a class action suit against Texaco in 1994,
stating that the company failed to promote African–American employees to a higher position and it
failed to compensate them in relation to Caucasian employees in similar positions. Throughout the
investigation of Texaco if was found that documents would potentially damage Texaco were being
withheld. When secret tape recordings from Texaco executives revealed not only vilely insensitive
racial attitudes but it also demonstrated the eagerness of the executives to withhold any and all
sensitive internal documents pertaining to the discrimination court case. ... Show more content on
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Many of the minority employees felt that issues were not being addressed. This made them feels
insecure at their job and helpless. It had become apparent to many that going to management were
not going to help alleviate the problem. The total number of people who were discriminated against
may never be known, but through the bravery of the few, the prejudice of that behavior has been
stopped and has been corrected. Texaco later implemented a solution for its problems but many
thought it was not enough. Rev. Jesse Jackson, in 1996 "urged patrons to carry on with an economic
boycott of the oil company" he suggested the boycott would add pressure to Texaco and that they
would be pressed in implementing better employment policies for minorities and that these policies
would be enforced. (CNN News, 1996).
Roles of Key Players
The employees of Texaco at the time obviously were the ones affected by this discrimination. Peter
Bijur, the CEO of Texaco and the key person for the changes that took place in the company, was a
key player in this case in the months leading up to the settlement. Other key players for the changes
at Texaco were Bari–Ellen Roberts, a former senior financial analyst and Angela Vallot, the Director
of the corporate diversity

Business Research Ethics Essay
Business Research Ethics
The goal of corporations when incorporating a logo is to be memorable to the consumer and
investor. Companies like Nike, Harley–Davidson, and Apple have an instant appeal to the public
with their corporate symbolism. The emblem for Chevron with the blue and red "v– shaped" stripes
in a militaristic badge pattern is recognized worldwide as one of the most famous of the six
"supermajor" oil companies. These six, powerful corporations are sometimes referred to as "big oil"
in the New York Stock Exchange and are known for their influence in the political arena. Chevron's
roots trace back to Northern California in 1879 and the company endured several name changes
because of successful mergers, including Pacific ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Chevron Company and its representative along with their corporate lawyers have also been
accused of human rights abuse. These charges came about by the horrific shooting of two activists
who were part of a Nigerian protestors campaigning against the company. According to several
protestors at the scene the Nigerian Army who had been transported by Chevron representatives
used deadly force to stop the protesters from their right to show their environmental concerns. It
seems that the unethical behaviors by the company has had no effect on the organization as it
continues to intimidate layers for the prosecution as well as not admitting blame for any of its
actions. As for the effect on the environment, it will be determined with time, some scientists
believe the lasting effect in the area is significant as they report it as the worst oil–related
contamination in the world. The more than 18 billion gallons of toxic waste was dumped in Amazon
waterways by the oil giant that resulted in the disseminated of some indigenous groups living in the
area. Chevron is portraying itself to the world as the victim in this judicial arena as it has filed
charges against the Ecuadorian protestors and bringing a tactical lawsuit against their lawyers and
advisors to further delay the outcome. The social impact as a result of this unethical behavior of the

Caño Limones
As stated before, the Caño Limones oil field, the Cusiana oil field, and the Cupiagua oil field are
three of the biggest oil fields in all of the Colombian territory, and are currently operated by
Ecopetrol. Amongst these three oil fields a big portion of the Colombian oil production is
distributed, and they are also some of the oldest oil fields.
The Caño Limones oil field was discovered in July 1983 by an association called the Cravo Norte
association which was conformed by Ecopetrol, in that time called the Empresa Colombiana de
Petróleos, with Occidental de Colombia, another oil company in Colombia. The oil field is located
in the northern part of the Llanos basin, in the region the Oriniquía, and the state of Arauca.
Moreover, the Caño Limon oil field is composed of two large fault blocks, the Caño ... Show more
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After the discovery of the Cusiana oil field, BP attempted to drill again in the Unete–1 well, which
was the well previously drilled by Ecopetrol, and found the Cupiagua oil field (De'Ath, 1997).
Companies who had previously attempted to find the Cusiana and the Cupiagua oil fields had fail,
since they were not digging depth enough. Both the Cusiana and the Cupiagua are located at more
than 14000 feet below the surface, which is almost twice the depth of the Caño Limones oil field,
causing a lot of mechanical issues and failures.
Further, BP estimated that the Cusiana and Cupiagua oil fields had oil reserves for a total of 2 billion
barrels of oil, with the Cusiana oil field accounting for 1.5 billion barrels of oil and the Cupiagua oil
field the other 500 million barrels of oil (Knott, 1993). It is important to note that recently the oil
reserves in the Cusiana oil field had been estimated to be much lower. The field is estimated to have
750 million barrels, but is still one of the major fields in all of

Analysis Of The Back Of The Turtle By Kings
These oral stories, or histories, provides historical actors with an opportunity to depict their own
stories in their own words, where usual written records often discount the great unwashed. For
Indigenous peoples, individuality is critical to shared histories. Politicians, activists, and business
leaders may materialize frequently in official documents and the media, usually manipulating it for
their purposes, but the rest of us very seldom do. In The Back of The Turtle, Kings portrays a
identical similar setting; a world full of media coverage that is manipulated by large companies,
such as Dominion; "'A spill?' 'No' said Winter. "But evidently there has been some seepage. Possibly
from one of our ponds.' 'Didn't we fund an environmental

Analysis of the Oil Industry Essay
Analysis of the Oil Industry
I. The Oil Industry
The oil industry can not be discussed without mentioning the name John D. Rockefeller. Rockefeller
changed the business of oil distribution. In the 19th century Rockefeller began his humble
beginnings with a small investment, along with two other partners, in the oil refining business.
Eventually Rockefeller upset at the direction of the company bought out his partners. He was now
buying into refining and developing kerosene and other petroleum–based products. He later named
this company The Standard Oil Company which by 1872 nearly owned all the oil refineries in
Cleveland. In 1882, Rockefeller took all his holdings and merged them into the Standard Oil Trust.
Through smart business ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Though it took many years to get in British Petroleum was able to start with a selective group of
stations and build from there. BP, Chevron, and ExxonMobile today make up three of the biggest in
the oil industry. (Chevron Official Website)
These three companies have all been created by many purchases and mergers over the last hundred
years and must be described to have a better understanding. It was the demand for low oil prices,
convenience, and superior quality that led to the companies tremendous growth in the last century.
II. ExxonMobile History
Out of the Standard Oil Trust breakup came two companies named Standard Oil of New Jersey and
Standard Oil of New York otherwise known as Sonoco. Since they were not allowed to use the
Standard name in territories given to the other breakup companies they had to change the name of
their brand. They would market their gas under the name Esso and Mobilgas with the Standard label
still displayed on their signs. With this increased competition Jersey Standard and Socony were
forced to focus on quality and a low cost. To achieve this low cost they purchased interests in
overseas oil mostly in the Middle East. Both these companies also were able to compete in overseas
markets in Europe and Asia. With the take off of the car, the gasoline industry was booming. Both
suffered from fierce competition. However Jersey and Socony had a

Oil : A Long Standing Territorial Dispute
In 1967, oil was discovered in Ecuador ushering in an era of newfound wealth and economic
prosperity. In the forty–seven years since that first discovery by Texaco, Ecuador's oil revenues have
grown to account for one–third of total government income and fifty percent of the total export
revenue (Adkins). However, over much of the past four decades, government mismanagement of oil
revenue, poor financial decisions and an overreliance on foreign and corporate oil companies have
created a $14 billion debt to the international community. While oil is now the economic lifeline of
this small country, many people in Ecuador have realized no perceptible benefits from oil extraction
and production. The social and economic pressures for increased ... Show more content on
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Lacking the monetary resources and technical expertise to move forward, Ecuador initially allowed
Texaco to develop the country's first petroleum infrastructure (Dabbs). It is through this lens of
securing its land claim against Peru in the Oriente while simultaneously acquiring economic power
through oil, that Ecuador began a legacy of environmental miscues. The carelessness of early oil
exploration of the late 1960's would soon give way to dependence on oil earnings to fund the
national budget that continues to this day. Critics warned from the inception of the Amazonian oil
boom, that the habitat Ecuador emphatically worked to secure and cultivate would be negatively
impacted by unabated development. Unfortunately, the political decisions impacting Ecuador's
environment were driven by geopolitics and money with little regard for the long–term economic
consequences of spoiling an environmental treasure. To highlight this point, it was not until 1990,
23 years after beginning oil production in the Amazon, that the Ecuadoran government finally
approved any substantiate, clear–cut environmental legislation (Armstrong). Regrettably, however,
the damage had already been done. Without clear, agreed upon metrics it is arguably a matter of
perspective as how to rank the worlds' worst oil–related disasters. Living in North America, one
may recount the Exxon Valdez spill or

Joseph M. Colombe
The Rev. Joseph M. Colombe followed Father Pierre. He served from 1922–1937. He was born in
1885 in Quebec, Canada and became a naturalized citizen. His ministry was marked by involvement
in underserved populations in the parish. The economic struggles that marked Father Pierre's term
expanded. In January 1927, People's Bank was placed in receivership by the state and closed. In
February 1927, Celotex Co. of Westwego at a Terrebonne Parish Sheriff's Auction bought the
Terrebonne Sugar Refinery and plantations, and no crop was produced in 1927. Two other
plantations were idle without crops, which critically affected the community and the ability of the
church to serve the community. Father Colombe in one of his letters to the Bishop references a
storm in 1926, which destroyed the oyster beds ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Giliasso was constructed by fastening together the twin steel hulls of two standard
transportation barges, leaving space in the middle for drilling. Towed to location, the lower
compartments of the hulls were flooded, sinking the barge to the bottom. The upper compartments
remained above the water and provided a platform to hold the drilling structures, equipment, and
power plant. The Giliasso demonstrated its drilling capabilities immediately in Lake Pelto, reducing
by 20 percent the time spent on a well not related to drilling or completing, and afterward proved its
ease of mobility in being towed to Lake Barré By 1935, Texaco had built and deployed a fleet of
seven such barges along the Louisiana coast, each drilling 6 wells per year. By 1938, the industry
had drilled 3,300 wells in parishes adjacent to the Gulf, 700 of which were surrounded by water.
The most active areas were in the Lake Barré, Terrebonne Bay, Pelto Bay, and Timbalier Bay areas
of Terrebonne

Texaco's Racial Discrimination
Texaco's racial discrimination lawsuit In 1994, Six African American employees of Texaco filled for
a racial discrimination lawsuit against Texaco. Tapings of Texaco executives having conversations
about destroying evidence related to a discrimination lawsuit against Texaco and racist terms to
against black employees become public; and, Texaco was facing a crisis (Coolidge, 1996). Texaco
racial discrimination case has brought to light the fact that the company has fostered a racially
hostile environment that encouraged the advancement of under qualified employees based on their
skin color; also, held bonuses, promotions, and career progression on the basis of racial
discrimination. It shows a systematic racism in full swing that is deeply rooted

Against All Shareholders
Government Greed Oil, stockholders, drama, racism, government and death are all words that come
to mind when the Case Study of Caltrex are exposed. This controversy that occurred was one of the
most horrific yet historic events in our pastime. This showed many examples of how management of
companies has the responsibilities beyond normal duties to ensure a high return for stockholders.
Investments should always carry high criteria before making the investment because people's
livelihood depends on it. In this case, stockholders Texaco and SoCal invested in an oil company
named Caltrex to give them a high return of its investment although the trust was severed by racism
and government greed lend to an end result of sense of unjust ethics ... Show more content on
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This is racism in its finest and management should not be held responsible for the practices of the
corporate people involved. This was a completely different situation then we have in most
businesses today. They were angered because the black workers had special responsibilities and due
to the white–nation laws that were in effect they did not like it. Management has a job to do
regardless if others disagree and even though the people that invested their money in this company
were outraged it was not managements fault. The ethics practiced in this case are an ethic of care
and ethic of virtue but in all reality this is completely based on race which is why we have laws
against that today. In theory the stockholders believed that management was to blame but in reality
they were simply doing their job to provide for their own families. At my job today there are many
controversial issues that arise however I have no opinion to act on them. There are laws and
regulations that are set in place that I am expected to follow and if I do not then I could lose my job.
The moral reasoning behind it may not be positive but it is what it is and management has specific
goals and money involved that are outside the moral actions of a person. Caltex's multinational
workforce faced a major challenge in providing the oil and

Questions On Patents And Copyrights Essay
WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT (worth 20% of the final grade) Lala Afandi 1. (i) What are the
similarities and differences (if any) between patents and copyrights? (ii) Could there be and is there
a subject matter (if any) that is both copyrightable and patentable? Discuss (6 points). Patents and
copyrights are both types of intellectual property aimed to protect product of mind. Firstly, it would
be suitable to provide their definition. Patent – form of protection of intellectual property aimed to
protect invention, having obvious following properties: – Benefit: invention must have apparent
behoove; – Not obvious: invention must be matter of obvious knowledge to the professionals of
field; – Newness: invention must bring some innovation, not patented before (facts can not be
patented); Patented intellectual property prevents anyone else from producing, using, selling,
offering to sell and importing. For patents US law follows first to invent rule. Copyright – form of
protection of intellectual property authorship aimed to protect pieces of art (paining, literature,
music, architecture etc.), having following properties: – Creative work must be recorded in material
form (ideas cannot be protected under copyright); – Creative work must be original work, created
independently and contain some creativity; There is a number of similarities and differences
between them shown in a graph below. Similarity Difference Patent Protects intellectual property
Types: utility, design, plant

The Case Of American Express V Square Inc
Question No 2 In the case of American Express v Square Inc, the issue is whether American Express
committed any wrongdoing in their business deal with Visa. Jack Dorsey of Square Inc. is filing
claims of Tortious Interference with his Contract as well as Tortious Interference with a Prospective
Advantage and Defamation. Under Tortious–Contract, which is an intentional tort in which the
defendant improperly induced a third party to breach a contract with the plaintiff, the plaintiff must
establish four elements to make a case. They are: Establish that there was a contract between the
plaintiff and a third party; the defendant knew of the contract; the defendant improperly induced the
third party to breach the contract or made performance of the contract impossible; and there was
injury to the plaintiff. Under Tortious–Advantage, A plaintiff who has definite and reasonable
expectation of obtaining an economic advantage may sue a corporation that maliciously interferes
and prevents the relationship from developing. Under Defamation, a plaintiff must prove four
elements which are: There was a factual statement that was made that is likely to harm another
person's reputation; The statement must be false; The statement must be communicated to at least
one person other than the plaintiff; and the plaintiff must show some injury. Square Inc is also
eligible to receive Compensatory and Punitive Damages due to the scale of the Tort. A contract
existed between Square Inc and Visa,

Texaco and Chevron
[pic]
RESEARCH PAPER
SUBMITTED BY:
SISA, MARILYN
VILLAFLORES, CYLLEN D.
BFAAA 4
SUBMITTED TO:
MRS. ARACELI JAYNE CANONIGO–CULIBRA, MMBM
I. COMPANY PROFILE
Chevron is one of the world's largest integrated energy companies. Headquartered in San Ramon,
Calif., we conduct business worldwide. We are engaged in every aspect of the crude oil and natural
gas industry, including exploration and production, manufacturing, marketing and transportation,
chemicals manufacturing and sales, geothermal energy, and power generation. We're also investing
in renewable and advanced technologies. The Caltex brand, as well as all its associated products and
services are owned and operated by Chevron Corporation. Chevron operates through four ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
General Environmental Analysis
a. Technology Chevron Technology identifies develops and commercializes emerging technologies
that have the potential to transform energy production and use. Our business development portfolio
includes:
a. Biofuels
b. Emerging energy applications
c. Venture capital
Chevron Technology Ventures Investments searches for early–stage companies working on new
technologies and helps these gifted entrepreneurs realize their vision. Chevron Technology Ventures
champions innovation, commercialization and integration of emerging technologies within Chevron.
What We Do

Chevron Technology Ventures (CTV) helps Chevron embrace emerging technologies to create new
commercial opportunities, reduce costs and improve performance.
CTV serves as one of the company's most important technology scouts always searching for
emerging technologies that could enhance Chevron's strategies. CTV identifies, acquires tests,
validates, and – if appropriate – helps integrate those technologies into the company's core
businesses. Alternatively, technologies may be studied then "shelved" for future consideration.
Technology Marketing (TEMA) provides its technologies and services to refiners through its two
joint venture partnerships – Chevron Lummus Global LLC and Advanced Refining Technologies
LP. TEMA also commercializes emerging technologies and provides international technical service
to help refiners meet today's challenges.
b. Economic Trends
In 2007, Chevron

Traveling Into The Jungle By Joe Kane
The story starts out in Coca, a city in Ecuador. The author Joe Kane is explaining how oil is
everywhere in this city and that every outsider wants to get their hands on it to make money. He
explains how the Ecuadorian government is in control of all natural resources even though certain
tribes own the land. This means that the tribes own the land but cannot profit from all of the oil on
their land. Joe mentions that among the different native groups the Huaorani consider themselves
never to have been conquered. The Huaorani are a very fierce group and have driven away invaders
time after time for many years. Joe is traveling with Enquiri and other Huaorani into the jungle.
When traveling into the jungle he sees major oil pollution and gets

The Objective Theory Of Astract: An Introduction To...
Part A – Contract law Introduction to Contract Law A. Contracts defined 1. Contracts are
enforceable promises, or voluntary agreements that govern economic exchange (private ordering) 2.
Free market economy relies on the ability of private parties to enter these exchanges and obtain
gains from trade B. Contract law purposes 1. Retrospectively: provide parties with their bargain
(including the remedy for failure to perform) a. Altruistic/Cooperation v. Opportunistic Behaviour b.
Achieve socially desirable results 2. Prospectively: law sets the rules a. Sorts enforceable from
unenforceable promises b. Provides the parties a convenient set of default rules c. Determines which
rules should be mandatory 3. Limits to enforceability a. Lack of ... Show more content on
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Non–negotiable, take–it–or–leave–it 2. Cost–saving aspect that buyer gets lower prices in saving
seller negotiation fees B. Carnival Cruise Lines v. Shute (424): Shute bought cruise in WA with
forum clause set for FL. Boarded in LA, injured on deck mat, sued for negligence, and Carnival
moved for Summary Judgment bc forum clause 1. Outcome: Court held forum clause enforceable
bc FL court would be competent jurisdiction and the Shutes had notice of the clause a. Policy
argument: forum clause lets passengers benefit from reduced fares by saving cruise line money in
limiting forum 2. Problem: bad faith motive of deterring passengers from suing a. If some kind of
negotiation takes place, it's easier to infer a meeting of the minds 3. Laywer's mistake was
conceding notice, because clause would not be enforceable 4. Dissent: they lacked reasonable time
to read/reject terms since they only received them when they arrived, when it was too late/risky to
cancel their trip. a. If not bargained–for, should not be enforceable. b. Notice doesn't matter if you
can't decide whether you want to abide or reject Part B –

Alan Thompson Case
The results that Alan Thompson was able to enact for Texaco of Canada were vast. By taking
increasing sales of Texaco's middle and high end product line, overall profitability increased.
Improved lives is what good leadership is all about. We have learned that the culminating factor that
good leader's actions result in is the improvement of lives for those around them. Externally, Alan
Thompson was able to improve the lives of his customers by extending their fleets' service periods
and mitigating their fleet downtime. Alan was able to internally increase profitability within Texaco
of Canada, as well as motivate his people to successfully pair the right products with the right
customers. This symbiotic relationship, one that improved the

Miranda K. Walker. An Analysis Of The Exert For Environmental
Miranda K. Walker An Analysis of the Exert for Environmental Justice in Ecuador
Introduction Ecuador's quest for environmental justice, subsequent to oil extraction, is a noxious
consequence of colonialism. Through principles and the aftermath of colonialism, a dependence on
resource extraction has proven detrimental to Ecuador's indigenous population, only profiting a
select few. This very act demonstrates a need for ecological democracy, a demand for the just
treatment of the indigenous, and an inherent disfunction of capitalism. These conditions have
nurtured, and validated, the idea of a resource curse; as resource–rich Ecuador is "worse off" than
countries without commodities like oil. Specifically, this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
In the early 17th century, there were around 500 Spanish estates in Ecuador–where Native
Ecuadorians were enslaved. The Spaniards profited the most off of Ecuador's coastal economy,
revolved around shipping and trade. This was until the fall of the Ecuadorian economy in the 18th
century, attributed to the expulsion of the Jesuits by King Charles III of Spain–as missions were
abandoned. Between 1700 and 1800, textile production dropped around 50–75%. As a result,
Ecuador's diminished into ruins, and even its elite fell into poverty. During the end of the colonial
era, Spain's Bourbon monarchs developed a new approach to promote colonial development. Once
Charles III declared a decree of free trade, thus expanding the number of ports in South America
that were permitted to trade amongst themselves or with any port in Spain from six to twenty–four,
the region's economy bettered. However, it would never fully recover from the fall of the textile
industry. In 1976, after a Texaco Gulf consortium discovered mass amount of oil in the Oriente, the
construction of a 312–mile–long pipe line was commissioned. The pipe line was gradually
transferred to state ownership during the 1970s and 1980s, and for the first time in Ecuador's history,
from its new ability to tax private foreign petroleum companies, the government had its own
economic independence and source of revenue, and created free market policies, dubbing
neoliberalism. Its economic growth

Oil and Gas Company Case Study: ExxonMobil
ExxonMobil is the largest publicly traded oil and gas producing company. ExxonMobil does
business in 200 countries world–wide (1). Some countries are designated for exploring gas and
petroleum, and some are designated for manufacturing chemicals, lubricants, and market fuels (1).
ExxonMobil 's world–class petroleum portfolio gives access to proven reserves of 21.9 billion oil–
equivalent barrels of oil and gas, which is the highest in the industry (1). The company 's discovered
resources consist of 72 billion oil equivalent barrels of oil and gas. On average, each day, they
produce 2.5 million barrels of oil and 10.5 billion cubic feet of gas (4). Their asset base, includes
more than 60,000 production wells in 1,800 fields in 25 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is estimated that Exxon has 22 billion barrels of crude oil in its possession (4). This is far more
than any other nongovernmental company. Exxon 's ability to create production in foreign countries
is the trait that allows them to stay ahead of the competition. Exxon is currently working deals in
West Africa, Qatar, the Caspian, and Russia (1). Overall they hope to have 30 new projects in the
next 3 years. The amount of oil Exxon possesses will allow it to out last the competition. With the
exception of new oil wells being discovered, Exxon will remain in business much longer and more
successfully than the competition. As long as oil is the primary source of fuel in the world, Exxon
will be able to keep control of the nongovernmental market. Exxon is in very good financial shape.
Net income in the company went up over $4 billion dollars from 2003 to 2004 (6). Their stock price
has also risen from around $40 to $60 during the same period (6). Despite fear around the world that
oil prices will hit $80 dollars in the coming months and year, Exxon has continued to show large
profit margins. Financially, Exxon is great shape. They make such incredible profits that in 2003,
they were able to spend $12 billion on exploration and production of new oil (1). Taking into
account that Exxon earned $14 billion had a return on capital of 30%, it seems the oil industry, and
especially Exxon will continue hear rumors or price fixing

The Amazon Is Oil Rich And The Extraction
An increased demand for oil has led oil associations to become desperate in finding new oil
manufacturers. Unfortunately, the Amazon is oil rich and the extraction has created a lot of
implications for the environment and culture existing in the Amazon. The Amazon is home to many
natural resources due to its vegetation that continuously recycles carbon dioxide into oxygen. Some
of the world 's most promising oil and gas deposits lie deep in the tropical rainforests, especially in
the Western Amazon. Just until recently there has been more promise in Middle Eastern countries.
With oil at historically high prices, the incentive to develop oil resources has never been greater. The
main concerns of the oil extraction in the Amazon are deforestation, indigenous conflict,
biodiversity loss and pollution. In order to extract oil there must be a course to enter deep into
forest, and there needs to be sufficient space for the oil rigs to be operated and therefore much of the
rainforest is being deforested. Many local communities are displaced and harmed by the operation
of the oil rig and the pollution. Surrounding areas lose natural resources that would have been
obtained from the forest's natural abundance. This is caused by deforestation, pollution and other
environmental consequences. Oil extraction also threatens many key stone species in the Amazon.
Due to oil spills and other toxic waste, much of the soil and river is polluted. Air pollution can
potentially create spontaneous

Racial Discrimination Throughout The Civil Rights Act Of 1964
I. BACKGROUND:
1. FACTUAL BACKGROUND:
Racial discrimination continues to be a prominent problem in today's society. It has been prohibited
federally since the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (title VII). Despite being a law for over 50 years, major
companies continue to have issues with racial discrimination. In fact, the most common type of
discrimination employees report to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) is
racial discrimination. The U.S. EEOC enforces all of these laws. EEOC also provides oversight and
coordination of all federal equal employment opportunity regulations, practices, and policies. Racial
discrimination practices that are prohibited include hiring/firing, compensations, classifications,
promotions, layoffs, recruitment, training/apprenticeship programs, and leave decided based on race.
Federal Laws Prohibiting Job Discrimination (EEOC).
These racial discrimination practices comes at high cost for society. Large companies like Texaco,
Coca–Cola and Merrill Lynch have had to pay millions of dollars to compensate the victims of race
discrimination and to pay for their own responsibility in encouraging or allowing a discriminatory
atmosphere to flourish in the workplace. However, these are the minimal costs because racial
discrimination has much larger implications on society. An important component of a country's
development is the ability for it citizens to collectively contribute, however this is prohibited by
discrimination (Winter). The fact

Social And Environmental Impacts Of Latin America
The social and environmental impacts of development in Latin America are closely tied together,
and while they affect everyone it seems that the brunt of it is felt by indigenous and the so–called
"peasants" of Latin America. The environmental and social impacts work in tandem to further
oppress Indigenous people who have faced oppression since the Spanish first landed on their shores.
Land continues to be taken from them and MNCs, foreign interests, and even their own
governments have deteriorated the quality of the land that they still possess due to exploitation. This
is particularly prevalent in countries such as Ecuador, which have a long history of reliance on
primary commodity exports.
In Ecuador the oil industry is one that began its domination in the 1970s, of which massive plots of
land were contracted to Texaco Golf, roughly 1.431 million hectares in the Oriente area (Rochlin,
14) After numerous spills occurred in the area a local NGO stepped in and started a lawsuit against
Texaco–Chevron for what they called "indigenous cultural destruction". (Rochlin, 24) Where they
claimed numerous locals had been noticing increased levels of cancer and other unusual illnesses.
These people are often overlooked ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Where in countries such as Chile and Argentina, policies have been implemented favoring MNCs as
opposed to indigenous people. These policies have given these MNCs more or less absolute right to
remove indigenous people from mineral rich land. (Gordon & Webber, 69) Furthermore, mining
projects such as the Pascua Lima gold mine can have massive externalities both socially and
environmentally. The proposed plan to transfer roughly 10 hectares of glacier sitting above the
Huasca Valley would have robbed farmers of their water source, drastically altered local habitats
and the cyanide run off from cyanide heaping would have contaminated local water. (Gordon &
Webber,

Pepsi Co Essay
PepsiCo gained entry to India in 1988 by creating a joint venture with the Punjab government–
owned Punjab Agro Industrial Corporation (PAIC) and Voltas India Limited. This joint venture
marketed and sold Lehar Pepsi until 1991 when the use of foreign brands was allowed; PepsiCo
bought out its partners and ended the joint venture in 1994. [1] Others claim that firstly Pepsi was
banned from import in India, in 1970, for having refused to release the list of its ingredients and in
1993, the ban was lifted, with Pepsi arriving on the market shortly afterwards. These controversies
are a reminder of "India's sometimes acrimonious relationship with huge multinational companies."
Indeed, some argue that PepsiCo and The Coca–Cola Company have "been ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
But an Indian parliamentary committee, in 2004, backed up CSE's findings and a government–
appointed committee is now trying to develop the world's first pesticide standards for soft drinks.
Coke and PepsiCo opposed the move, arguing that lab tests aren't reliable enough to detect minute
traces of pesticides in complex drinks. On December 7, 2004, India's Supreme Court ruled that both
PepsiCo and competitor The Coca–Cola Company must label all cans and bottles of the respective
soft drinks with a consumer warning after tests showed unacceptable levels of residual pesticides.
[citation needed]
Both companies continue to maintain that their products meet all international safety standards
without yet implementing the Supreme Court ruling.[citation needed] As of 2005, The Coca–Cola
Company and PepsiCo together hold 95% market share of soft–drink sales in India. [4] PepsiCo has
also been alleged to practice "water piracy" due to its role in exploitation of ground water resources
resulting in scarcity of drinking water for the natives of Puthussery panchayat in the Palakkad
district in Kerala, India. Local residents have been pressuring the government to close down the
PepsiCo unit in the village.
In 2006, the CSE again found that soda drinks, including both Pepsi and Coca–Cola, had high levels
of pesticides in their drinks. Both PepsiCo and The Coca–Cola Company maintain that their drinks
are safe for consumption

American Culture Vs Ecuador Culture Essay
There are differences and similarities between the Highlands cultures, the Western cultures, and the
Amazon cultures. For example the Amazonian cultures make their living of subsistence agriculture,
hunting and gathering in the rainforest like the Highlands cultures and the Western Ecuadorian
cultures. The Cofan culture is made of two thousand people and they live in the northern Ecuador.
Unfortunately, this culture was almost annihilated after Spanish colonization and has been strongly
affected by oil exploration, because Texaco was contaminating their lands, but the Cofan won a
lawsuit in Ecuador against Texaco ("Which indigenous tribes"). The other two cultures called Siona
and Secoya have small population of a few hundreds and are located ... Show more content on
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The next culture is Huaorani that live in the middle of the Amazon and are was known for being
kind of aggressive to other cultures. This culture has avoided contact with the rest of Ecuadorian
society for a lot of decades to the point of killing a few people who trespassed onto their lands
("Which indigenous tribes"). Today, this culture is a lit of bit more open–minded and they welcome
others and host an eco–lodge on their land, but outsiders need to learn their customs ("Which
indigenous tribes"). It is intimidating to know that this culture tends to be aggressive, but it is
understandable because since they do no have any type of contact with others, they do not know
how to act towards others. The next indigenous culture is the Shuar and is related to other
indigenous groups of Peru. This indigenous culture lives in the foothill rainforests of southern
Ecuador and is formed of forty thousand Shuars in Ecuador ("Which indigenous tribes"). This
culture is also known for being aggressive and was famous for shrinking the heads of vanquished
enemies, but they do not practice it anymore ("Which indigenous

Harold Butler And Richard Jezak
Developed and operated by two men named Harold Butler and Richard Jezak, Denny's began life as
a 1953 Lakewood California donut shop known as Danny's Donuts. Danny's Donuts expanded to a
six–store chain. When Jezak left the company Butler re–envisioned, developed, and implemented a
plan for Danny's Donuts to include coffee–shop edibles and other food faire. Then in 1956 Butler
renamed the company to Danny's Coffee Shops and went to a 24/7 operational schedule. To avoid
confusion with another Los Angeles based restaurant, Coffee Dan's, Butler changed the name in
1961 to Denny's Coffee Shops. Eventually the "Coffee Shops" portion of the name was removed
leaving the current name Denny's intact as it remains today. Today there are arguably very few
Americans who have not been to a Denny's, or at least saw one of its iconic signs rising above a
freeway landscape. The sign, with its bold yet welcoming yellow glow and red letters, is a
welcoming beacon for many a weary traveler of America's freeway system. There was however, a
period of time after its 40th anniversary where that sign was not as inviting as it should have been.
This is because the early nineties brought several discrimination lawsuits against Denny's, tarnishing
that iconic yellow sign forever.
The Lawsuits
On New Year's Eve 1991 a group of African American teenagers entered a San Jose California
Denny's restaurant in hopes of ordering some food before ending their evening. The African–
American teenagers

Christopher Bogart, Ceo Of Burford Capital
Christopher Bogart, CEO of Burford Capital, a leading capital provider to the global legal industry,
sat in his illustrious office on Madison Avenue in New York City. Prior to joining Burford Capital,
Christopher spent more than 20 years working at Time Warner, including as the Executive Vice
President & General Counsel. On one side of his desk sat a report on the spectacular rates of return
of Burford Capital's investments. On the other, sat a report describing the growth of contingency fee
litigation. Christopher knew Burford Capital had a track record of stellar returns, but he worried
perhaps that was about to change. Christopher knew that Fortune 500 companies increasingly were
encouraging law firms to help underwrite cases and as law ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
In 2011, three of the largest firms involved in commercial litigation lending were Burford Capital,
Bentham IMF, and Juridica Investments. All three were publicly traded on foreign exchanges, and
each invested heavily in the United States civil justice system. How the Litigation Finance Market
Worked
Non–recourse loans were extended most often to plaintiffs in personal injury cases. These loans
were used to pay the costs of litigation, but, in some cases, were also used to cover the plaintiff 's
living expenses during the pendency of the lawsuit. Non–recourse financing of commercial claims
came into existence in the 2000s and became increasingly common. The providers of this financing
typically undertook an analysis of the merits of the contemplated claim that was more rigorous than
the analysis employed in personal injury cases. If the claim appeared meritorious, the financing
company advanced amounts to cover attorney's fees and the other costs of the litigation. These
advances typically were made to the claimant or its outside litigation counsel, in return for a
percentage of any eventual recovery. The recent trend in the use of non–recourse litigation financing
attracted increasing attention, both within and outside the legal profession, in part because the
arrangements were largely unregulated, and required the payment of relatively large financing fees.
Another key reason it attracted attention was its

Multinational Corporation and Value Chain
multinational corporation (MNC) is a corporation or enterprise that manages production
establishments or delivers services in at least two countries. Very large multinationals have budgets
that exceed those of many countries. Multinational corporations can have a powerful influence in
international relations and local economies. Multinational corporations play an important role in
globalization; some argue that a new form of MC is evolving in response to globalization
(Wikipedia) 1
"Corporation that has production facilities or other fixed assets in at least one foreign country and
makes its major management decisions in a global context; sometimes called transnational
corporation".2 however the Harvard multinational enterprise project ... Show more content on
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Some national governments press for MNCs to invest locally, create employment, improve the host
country 's trade balance, transfer advanced technology and so forth (Doz, 1986).
Some national governments press for MNCs to invest locally, create employment, improve the host
country 's trade balance, transfer advanced technology and so forth (Doz, 1986). These pressures
occur not only in less developed countries as in the past, but also and more recently in the developed
world. For example, pressures on Japanese consumer electronics and automobile firms in the 1970s
and 1980s strongly influenced them to invest in the USA. This globalization and localization
pressure communally create strategic path for MNCs in terms of their relationship with SMEs as
shown below From the figure four types of strategic option comes
• International Strategy (Low localization /Low Integration)
Strategy where exporting companies that sells overseas through independent agents or distributors.
• Global Strategy (High Integration/Low localization)
It describes as orienting companies toward entire world market. Seeking competitive advantage in

The Texaco Oil Crisis
After it creation in 1964 the Texaco oil rig has been wreaking havoc on the local community. Before
the oil crisis in 1973 the need for oil has still high and Texaco had found a place that could satisfy
some of that need (Zaitchik, 2014). Texaco as well as the prominent Gulf Oil began to work in the
Oriente region of Ecuador. However, it was not until 1972 that Texaco began to work in the Lago
Agrio Oil Field one year before the Oil Crisis. This drilling for oil continued until 1993 when
Texaco left after being accused of dumping toxic waste into the local water systems for 21 years
(Amazon Watch, 2013). After the Industrial Revolution first and second world countries have been
heavily reliant on oil. This has led to a total (as of 2014) of ... Show more content on
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This toxic waste was creating terminal cancer, birth defects in mothers who come in contact with the
waste and other disease and growth that kill people that had not been seen previously. It also ruined
the environment and killed off many endangered species in the area (Romero, Simon, 2011).
Needless to say the evidence was overwhelming and they lost the case and the 30,000 effected
villagers as well as the Ecuadorian government won. Chevron appealed the court with more
evidence and they lost that as well (Chevron Toxico, 2013). Chevron filed RICO (Racketeer
Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) against those who won the first case. They then "went
after" the scientists who were doing reports in the local areas. They told their funders that they were
"in on a little conspiracy" in the Amazon regions. The bargain was either loose funding or change
the results; and "the scientists" chose the latter. Chevron then "went after" the journalists who were
documenting the spill and toxic waste. With the RICO charges filed, all journalists were required to
turn over all unused interview footage which did not only make it extremely hard to interview those
who were willing, but they also had to be very careful with questions that were posed. Again using
the RICO charges they forced all activists to turn over years of emails, messages, letters, and records
of any kind. (Chevron Toxico,

It's An Old Hollywood Tale That The Legendary Louis B. Mayer
There 's an old Hollywood tale that the legendary Louis B. Mayer once said ""A verbal agreement
ain 't worth the paper it's printed on." This may not be totally true but as recent case demonstrates
regarding the rightful ownership of an application known as Snapchat, the words of Mr. Mayer
reinforce a bit of vintage wisdom that contracting parties should always put their agreements in
writing. Louie Mayer wasn 't entirely correct as a verbal agreement in lieu of a written contract is
still generally binding and, no matter how brief, is still a contract. In fact, most binding legal
agreements can be oral agreements. In 2011, Three Stanford undergraduates started developing an
online application which, in a chat setting, allows one computer user to send visual media like
pictures to other computer users. After a short period of time the pictures become unavailable.
Reggie Brown was basically the catalyst and the idea 's originator, Robert Murphy handled the
technical programming aspect, and Evan Spiegel pushed the project forward. It doesn 't sound like
much but today the value of this company is in the tens of billions of dollars. Upon discussing the
idea, the three young men then decided to proceed and allegedly formalized their agreement with
nothing more than a handshake. From this point on, as the project moved forward in development,
they failed to set forth and sufficiently detail, in writing, any of their agreements and resolutions
regarding any essential terms of

History Of Venezuela 's Political Economy
Now for the role of petroleum in Ecuador's political economy. The EIA report on Ecuador, edited in
March of this year, indicates that "resource nationalism and debates about the economic, strategic,
and environmental implications of oil sector development are prominent issues in the politics of
Ecuador and the policies of its government." It is fair to say that Ecuador should be categorized as a
petrol centric state, especially given that said resource nationalism is an ideology enduring from the
1970's (Kimerling 419). Aside from the obvious environmental externality of carbon dioxide
emissions, what more reason could there be for deliberation on the issue? A Bloomberg article from
August of this year gives good insight: "Ecuador has ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ecuador has been a member of OPEC since 1973, with a break between 1994 and 2007. Its resource
nationalism ideology is tied to this notion of oil salvation that seems to portray OPEC as its
metaphorical Jesus, if heaven is modernization. But this has not been the case. This is not to say that
OPEC disturbed their potential to use petroleum to propel themselves into modernity. OPEC is more
of a symptom than a cause. Inherently, in a relatively unstable political region such as South
America, there are issues with governmental integrity, as we have already seen with Ecuador's trade
barrier stunts. I want to argue that OPEC is a symptom of the Dutch Disease. Much like the
Keystone XL pipeline would fix the United States and Canada on dirty fossil fuels for years to come
(Natural Resource Defense Council), OPEC offers developing countries an infrastructure with
similar effects. Given that its creation occurred well before today's urgency of climate change,
OPEC embodies the saying "the road to hell is paved with good intentions." The easy avenue
created by being part of OPEC drew members to invest heavily into their petroleum industries and
almost nothing else. As a result we now have several countries hemorrhaging economically, with
little option but to turn to OPEC for help. And what will OPEC do? They have already proclaimed
inaction is the route to go right now

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