Lberta Case Study

Lberta Case Study
lberta is a province of Canada. It had a population of 3,645,257 in 2011,making it the most populous of Canada's three prairie
provinces. Alberta and its neighbour, Saskatchewan, were established as provinces on September 1, 1905.
Alberta is located in western Canada, bounded by the provinces of British Columbia to the west and Saskatchewan to the east, the
Northwest Territories to the north, and theUS state of Montana to the south. Alberta is one of three Canadian provinces and
territories to border only a single U.S. state and is also one of only two provinces that are landlocked.
Edmonton, the capital city of Alberta, is located near the geographic centre of the province and is the primary supply and service
hub for Canada's oil sands ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Joseph's College at the University of Alberta
The University of Alberta, established in Edmonton in 1908, is Alberta's oldest and largest university. The University of Calgary,
once affiliated with the University of Alberta, gained its autonomy in 1966 and is now the second largest university in Alberta.
There is alsoAthabasca University, which focuses on distance learning, and the University of Lethbridge, both of which are located
in their title
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Pros And Cons Of Oil Sand
4 Aldersbrook Avenue
London, ON N9K 4A4
May 12th, 2018
Don Thompson
478 Pasta Road
Edmonton, AB Q8I 4P9
Dear Mr. Thompson:
I have watched the YouTube video called "The Oil Sands Industry and Canada's Future". I have several concerns regarding some
of the statements that you and a few others made during the video. I believe that when it comes to oil sands, there are a lot more
negatives than positives that come with them.
All oil sand companies are supposed to reclaim lands that have been disturbed due to oil sand operations to their natural state. 10%
of the land that has been used by oil sand companies has been reclaimed to their natural state since 1967. That means that the other
90% of the land has not been returned to its natural state. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I hope that we will be able to improve the situation regarding the oil sands.
Yours Truly,
Adam Csucs
Work Citied
"Tar Sands Facts." Indigenous Environmental Network, www.ienearth.org/tar–sands–facts/. May 13
Energynownews. "The Oil Sands Industry and Canada's Future." Online video clip. YouTube. YouTube, 21 Sept 2011. Web. 13
May 2018. "Canada's Oil Patch Expects Production Increase through 2030." The Globe and Mail, The Globe and Mail, 25 Mar.
2017, www.theglobeandmail.com/report–on–business/industry–news/energy–and–resources/oil–sands–output–seen–growing–
need–for–new–pipelines–urgent–industry–group/article30571357/. May 13
UNUniversity. "How Things Work: Canada's Oil Sands." Our World, ourworld.unu.edu/en/canadas–oil–sands. May

South Alberta Oil Sands Case Study
Examining the impact of oil sands expansion on northern Alberta's First Nations
Background
The Canadian province of Alberta is home to one of the world's largest unconventional oil reserves – a roughly 140,000 km² area
covered by a combination of boreal forest and peatland. Bitumen, the substance comprising these reserves, is a particularly
resource intensive and environmentally destructive fuel source to extract, requiring significant amounts of water and often strip–
mined land (Huseman & Short, 2012). Now referred to by many as the Athabasca oil sands, the area has traditionally inhabited by
a number of Canada's First Nations (FN) groups. These rich hunting, fishing, and gathering grounds in northern Alberta have
sustained FN groups for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A number of layers could be created to distinguish between land reserved exclusively for FN groups, Federal land that can be
leased to companies for the purpose of resource extraction, and land that FN have varying degrees of access and use rights to but
no sovereignty over. This step would create a spatial representation of the different types of land–use as provided by the treaties
that can be utilized in the next stage of research to compare the legal framework with on the ground reality. Quality information on
treaty rights in Alberta can be found through the Canadian government's Aboriginal and Treaty Rights Information System,
accessible at https://www.aadnc–aandc.gc.ca/eng/1100100014686/1100100014687. To ensure that FN are included in the process, I
would identify and reach out to key contacts listed on the Alberta government's Aboriginal Relations site – contacts are arranged by
treaty and respective First Nations

Oil Sands Case Study
Canada has the world's third largest oil proved reserves, 96% of which are in the oil sands [1*]. In the recent years, oil sands has
held a significant role in the Canadian economy and energy security due to pioneering movements and emerging technologies in
this industry [2, 3]. However, the oil industry, with its history of booms and busts [4], is currently in its worst economic standing
since 1990s. The recent drop in oil prices in the global market has directly affected the energy sectors and highly influenced
different industries. Despite the increasing global oil demand [5], Canadian oil has been trading at a discounted value to compete
with other conventional oil producers in the market [6, 7]. The position of oil sands in the energy market ... Show more content on
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As a result, there is a need to thoroughly investigate the current and future feasibility of oil sands' production and transportation not
only in Canada but also around the world.
There is a high level of uncertainty and volatility involved in energy markets [11, 12], the interactions of which with energy price
and emissions regulations are significant. To address these uncertainties and investigate their impacts on the role of oil sands, a
global dynamic energy market is proposed. This model aims at studying the behavior of different energy sources (including oil
sands) in competition with each other in the planning horizon. In this model, uncertain parameters (i.e., energy demand, regional
prices, regulations, and innovations) are forecasted and inputted into the model and the behavior of oil sands industry (i.e., in terms
of production level) in competition with alternative energy sources (i.e., conventional fossil fuels, renewables, etc.) is determined.
To develop this model, several tools and techniques are applied, the combination of which has not been thoroughly considered in
the literature.

Alberta Oil Sand Analysis
Oil has become extremely vital in our society, so vital that it has affected developed and developing countries. It is a massive
contributor to economic growth as well as environmental destruction. The Alberta Oil Sands has destroyed acres of local
ecosystems, but has also achieved and ensured that Canada stays as an economic power. The economical, cultural, and political
benefits the oil sands give to Canada makes it an asset they can not function without. The oil sands have been Canada's major
contributor to their economic activity for many years. The oil industry has led to benefits for other industries such as business
services, manufacturing, retail, finance and insurance. The impacts of the oil sands economically can also be seen in the national
employment rates and statistics. People are immigrating from countries outside of Canada and other regions of Canada to move to
Alberta in order to get high–paying jobs from the development of the oil sands. Recently Canada's cost for oil has increased and oil
sands producers are struggling as oil prices begin to plummet, and even the most efficient ... Show more content on
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This project is not only valued by the province, country, and the entire world but it is also valued by Albertans themselves. As of
July 2013, there were 114 recorded oil sands projects located in Alberta. This goes to show how big the project is. Employment is a
one of the biggest benefits of the oil sands project. In 2012, around 121,500 people were working for Alberta's upstream energy
sector, which includes conventional oil and gas, and mining (Alberta Government). Estimated profit from the projects was around
$3.56 billion in 2012–2013 and is still growing. This revenue is used to help fund many public services in Alberta. Within the next
25 years employment on the oil sands is expected to grow to over 500,000 jobs; and is currently affecting the jobs of 112,000
people throughout

Petropolis: Aerial Perspectives Of The Alberta Tar Sands
"Petropolis: Aerial Perspectives of the Alberta Tar Sands" was a Greenpeace film produced by Peter Mettler. The shots came
primarily from a helicopter offering an overview of the world's largest industrial energy project. In the beginning of the film, they
introduced the term bitumen. Bitumen comes from the extraction of crude oil and needs a lot of water to produce. They also
emphasized Canada's tar sands are an oil reserve the size of England. During the film, they mostly compared the differences of the
forest around it and the tar sand itself. From these strong imagery, it depicted a sense of a dehumanized world. The natural tailing
ponds were dried up. Trees and wildlife were not present. The landscape looked rusty and muddy with leftover ... Show more
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They published pictures of oil–drenched dying birds around the world and it became a go–to image for environmental groups
fighting against the oil companies. In fact, studies show that bird casualties from oiling appear to be high for gregarious species,
particularly for diving birds. Bird migration is affected by weather as birds are more likely to land when they encounter headwinds,
low temperatures, and precipitation. When birds get oiled, they suffer from reduced insulation, increased metabolic rate, and
hypothermia. The goal for Greenpeace is to raise awareness and gain international spotlight about the environmental impacts. In a
recent article, legions of protesters are still marching against the Keystone XL pipeline in the U.S on the basis that it will carry tar
sands "dirty" oil. As tension builds up, the use of media from both sides got involved. Supporters of the oil sand are often seen as
young, articulate, and well educated. In a series of short advertisements for the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers, the
professionals talked about their work in the oil sand industry and why they love building the Alberta brand. Weeks after the
supporting advertisements, Robert Redford, an actor–activist, called the oil sand fuel "dirty" and showed images of floods and
tornadoes were linked to carbon pollution from the oil sands. Later, he admitted they were in a disadvantage from the lack of
scientific sounding. As

Keystone Pipeline
In February 9, 2005, the TransCanada proposed a pipeline system that would be able to transport crude oil from Canada into the
United States. The pipeline was given the name the Keystone Pipeline System. Originally, the pipeline was to run from Alberta,
Canada to refineries in Illinois. However, in 2008 another proposition was raised in order to extend the pipeline even further to
down to Texas. The proposition is known as the Keystone XL. The possible construction of the pipeline is a controversial topic.
Entrepreneurs believe that such a pipeline will stimulate the nation's economy and lead to an increase in the amount of jobs. On the
other side, environmentalists believe that the pipeline will be detrimental for the environment as the ... Show more content on
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Firstly, Canada itself is a foreign nation. In the attempt to close our doors to foreign dependency on oil, we are actually becoming
even more dependent on solely one foreign nation. The amount of oil we will receive from Canada is a substantial amount since it
will replace overseas imports on foreign oil. Instead of being more reliant on our own oil, we are only shifting focus to rely on
another nation that is not in economic or political turmoil. Secondly, the Keystone Pipeline itself is an export pipeline. Canada will
be using the pipeline in order to transport crude oil to refineries in the Gulf Coast. Once the crude oil reaches the Gulf Coast,
refineries will refine the crude oil into diesel and export it to Europe and Latin America. We will not be dependent on these
countries anymore for their oil, but we will be involved in the importing and exporting of oil. In fact, this will actually pull the U.S.
into a greater involvement with these nations. According to Oil Change International, the only way that we can actually reduce our
dependency on foreign oil is to reduce our dependency on all oil as a whole. Throughout history, our energy sources have been
constantly changing, from steam, to coal, and now to oil. We are in need of a new energy source and one that is actually reliable.
Once we attain it, we will no longer be dependent on oil.
The construction of the Keystone XL is a

Distance Education Essay
Distance education has changed and grown a lot from external studies and correspondence education during the last century.
Distance education has become a recognized phenomenon today, thanks to technology which has shortened the physical distances.
DEVELOPMENT OF DISTANCE EDUCATION The evolution of Distance education could be divided in four periods. The first
period was from 1850 to 1960, this generation used correspondence classes which used radio and instructional television. The
second period was from 1960 to 1985. This generation highlights because of the use of multiple technologies for example; fax,
print cassettes, radio and videos. The third period was from 1985 to 1995. This period is characterized for the use of the ... Show
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Sometimes those were delayed for weeks. "Professor plus" was another way of DE in these time. The professor was a television
instructor in an on–campus class and the plus was an assistant who was in the classroom and provided assistance to the students.
Then class cessions began to be prerecorded for those who for some reason had miss class. This videos were mailed also to the
students who lived in remote zones. As Distance Education continued progressing, teachers at the same time had to improve their
televised teaching; for example, during the broadcast teaching the instructors had to repeat the questions and the corresponding
answer. The instructors also learned how to help the distance students to feel like they were part of the class by looking directly to
the cameras. Teachers learned how to do not talk too fast and not too slowly; they also learned to short the content presentations by
editing down the videotaped classes. But, the most effective strategy that they used to do a good job was the constant evaluation to
the program as evolved, to make it better. The look of DE changed with the coming–in of the internet and the affordable access to
the personal computers. since that time this program has been developed over. ED will continue to evolve in parallel with the
continued development and growth of telecommunications.
ADVANTAGE OF DISTANCE EDUCATION Distance education does not require

Oil Sands Research Paper
Canada has the third largest oil sand deposit in the world, following Saudi Arabia and Venezuela. Oil sands are not only a crucial
part of today's energy production, but they also greatly impact the politics and economy of a country. However, the oil sands take a
large toll on the environment. While this massive carbon footprint can be decreased and possibly eradicated with laws and
regulations, the current environmental impact is troubling. Many argue that further expansion of the oil sands will have an
additional impact on the environment, therefore creating a larger carbon footprint and increasing the effects of global warming.
Another aspect that is often brought up in the debate of the oil sands is their economic benefit and the impact ... Show more
researchers say, describes why Canada should stop the expansion of the oil sands. The CBC's article is based upon information
formed by a panel of biologists, political scientists, physicists, economists and geographers. The group came to the conclusion that
the oil sands expansion needs to end, though they did not call for completely halting Canada's oil sands operations. The following
is a scientific explanation as to why expansion needs to end according to the CBC, "No new oil sands or related infrastructure
projects should proceed unless consistent with an implemented plan to rapidly reduce carbon pollution, safeguard biodiversity,
protect human health, and respect treaty rights". The article goes even further by bringing up the fact that Canada's previous prime
minister, Stephen Harper, agreed that by 2100, Canada will stop the use of all fossil fuels, and therefore expansion of the oil sands
will be a waste of money seeing as they will no longer be prevalent in eighty years time. Furthermore, this article does not bring up
or dismiss arguments supporting the expansion of oil sands, rather as the article progresses, it becomes less distinctive as to what
the argument actually is. Therefore, though the sources and opinions of this article are presented without bias, they are not as
consistent and less powerful than the arguments presented by the Globe and

The World 's Largest Proven Oil Reserves
Introduction
Canada holds the distinction of having World 's 3rd largest proven Oil reserves. The province of Alberta alone contains 98% of all
these reserves, discovered in Canada (1). This is why Alberta holds the key position in Canadian economy as Canada is the fourth
largest exporter of the oil and it makes up almost one–quarter of Canada 's exports as well as Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
Almost 99% of Alberta oil reserves are contained in oil sands and the remaining 1% are present as conventional crude oil.
According to an estimation, Oil sands contain up to 168 billion barrels of oil and conventional crude oil makes up to 1.5 billion
barrels (1). But, with the passage of time, there has been a shift in the global economy with the ... Show more content on
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Less than a hundred years later, in 1875 the first ever government–sponsored geological study was carried out by John Macoun.
Charles Mair, a recording secretary traveling with the David Laird Treaty expedition of 1899, described the future of Athabasca
river region as 'substance of great economic value '. In his words "when the hour of development comes, it will, I believe will
prove out to be a wonder of North Canada". He even mentioned the boiling process, which was then used to liberate oil from the
oil sands mixture. The same process, with technological advancement, is used today in most of the oil production industry (1).
Commercial Development of the oil sands started with the start of 20th century. Initially, the focus was not to produce energy from
the oil sands but to use them as road paving material but it could not compete with the imported asphalt and so the project was
abandoned. In his book, "William Stewart Herron, father of petroleum industry in Alberta", R.C Macleod wrote about how an
unsuccessful entrepreneur from Ontario traveled to Alberta and established Calgary Petroleum Products Ltd. and set the ground for
the development of Alberta 's first well that gushed oil (4). But the process of Oil Sands was still complex and could not get much
help till 1926 when Dr. Karl Clark began work on Oil sands in Alberta Research Council on the 'energy–focussed ' project and he
nearly

Kinder Morgan 's Trans Mountain Pipeline
groups frequently assumes a critical part in the endorsements procedure (Denstedt, 2014). 'If it weren 't for the oil, my people
would be in poverty right now ': Fort McKay chief Jim Boucher
Kinder Morgan 's Trans Mountain pipeline has been intensely restricted by numerous First Nations, however voices on the
opposite side of the gap developed to dispatch a solid support of the oil patch. Chief Jim Boucher told the Assembly of First
Nations ' gathering in Gatineau, Que, that his group has seen a budgetary benefit from its inclusion in oil and gas extraction and
that environmentalists ought to be overlooked on the grounds that they are at fault across the board regarding poverty in Canada 's
north. His people of Fort McKay, north of Fort McMurray, the epicenter of the oil sands, has an unemployment rate of zero, an
average yearly per person income of $120,000 and monetary possessions in overabundance of $2 billion. That cash has been
pumped into education, long haul care for seniors and other foundation ventures. With regards to pipelines and oil sands
improvement, it is reasonable from Jim Boucher's peoples' point of view that they have to accomplish more, he said, amid an open
session on energy strategy at the exceptional
Pipelines 7 assembly. He said, that we need the oil sands; if not for the oil his people would be in destitution at this moment. The
chief said his group is really self–overseeing, just four percent of its income originates from the government and other

Client Risk Profile Of Suncor Energy Inc.
CLIENT RISK PROFILE
December 21, 2014 financial statements are being prepared in the form of annual report in accordance with IFRS with the previous
year corrections and restatements. In 1967, Suncor was established for the first time as development of Canada's oil sands. Suncor
energy inc. is an energy provider company, where it is headquartered in Calgary, Canada. Suncor Inc. operates in the energy sector
where its primary operations include crude oil extraction, its conversion to oil, gas and, diesel; further trading the manufactured
product in the open market. Across our operations, we intend to achieve production of one million barrels of oil equivalent per day.
Across our operations, we intend to achieve production of one million ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The client had seen a record oil sand production through important milestones and operational performance. Building strong
midstream capabilities had provided Suncor with triple their production to compete the market. During 2002, with the major
competitors Suncor was not doing well, however once they bought petro Canada over, then they came to the second place in the
energy industry. Suncor has made an improvement through the use of technology to lower the long run costs through innovation
for sustainable energy development. Suncor has started decline with the market, for pipeline constraints, new entry of energy
companies, and by higher costs to produce oil. In order to find the risks of this company, client risks must be identified, testing
according to the plan must be done to improve the profit and revenue.
As I was reviewing the financial statements of 2013, I have found that, the company has more volatile industry which makes the
investors to buy and sell. Through their improvement globally, their oil sands had become effective and efficiency through the
public. Business risk of this client will be very high since the energy sector is more volatile, especially the oil sands of energy
sector. Since Suncor has the lowest prices and operating costs, they will face huge competition within Canada and internationally.
Such risks will affect the auditor's assessment of audit risk for this client. Therefore, the auditor can

Alberta Oil Sands Research Paper
Works Cited
Environment, Alberta. Alberta's Oil Sands. Opportunity. Balance. Edmonton, AB: Dept. of Environment, 2008. Print.
This publication from the Government of Alberta's Department of Energy tries to focus on an all–around view of the oil sands. It
talks about what they are, how they work, and environmental problems and solutions. The publication is not nearly as current as
some other sources, it was published late 2008. It is free from bias but tries to stay overly optimistic, something is a "challenge"
not an environmental concern. Since it is a government source it is mostly objective but does try to keep the oil sands in a positive
view, possibly to benefit our economy. The publication is factual, accurate, and has a limited bias ... Show more content on
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It gives a brief introduction into the oil sands then jumps right into its main topic, covering the environmental effects of mining,
carbon emissions, water use and tailings of the oil sands. This article is an effective contrast to the government publications. The
government publications try to stay as objective as possible but often are biased by omission, and don't always give a clear picture.
This article is similar, but fights for the other side. The government publications tend to paint the oil sands in a positive light, this
tries to paint it in a negative light. The article was written by Simon Dyer, a big name in the oil industry. He is a former director
(and current regional director) of the Pembina Institute. They believe that the oil sands has many problems which need to be
addressed, but that, through improvements in the laws and technologies of the oil sands that can be accomplished. Simon Dyer is
an experienced and reliable source and

Case Analysis : Enbridge Inc.
Enbridge Inc. is a Canadian energy company intending to build two opposite flowing parallel pipelines, transporting crude oil
westbound from the rich Athabasca tar sands, and natural gas condensate eastbound from the coast of British Columbia. The
purpose of transporting bitumen to the west coast is in order to have an outlet to the Pacific Ocean and subsequently export to the
growing Asian oil markets via oil tankers. Alberta's tar sands are estimated to have 166 billion barrels of proven reserves as of
2014, and production capacity has reached 2.3 million barrels per day (Government of Alberta, 2014). The "gateway" to the
subsequent Asian markets will thus lead to the intensification of oil extraction to a projected 6.2 million barrels ... Show more
The project is high risk, high reward for all the stakeholders involved, which is why Enbridge is being held to such a high standard
of safety and security, with the National Energy Board approving the project under 209 conditions. Costs of constructing the
pipeline are estimated to range from $5.5 to $7.5 Billion. Figure 1– Proposed route of Northern Gateway Pipeline in relation to the
Alberta tar sands and the Douglas Channel. Alberta's tar sands are considered one of the largest crude oil deposits in the world, and
remain largely untapped. Out of all Canada's current oil exports, 99% of it goes to the United States (Government of Canada,
2015). This high dependence leaves the Canadian oil industry susceptible to the (lack of) demand in American markets. The
necessity for the emergence of new oil markets is an imperative concern for Canada, considering the proposed Keystone XL
pipeline faces substantial opposition in the U.S that threatens their reliance on the Canadian oil sands. Investment in the project is
mostly from foreign entities, as Enbridge makes up less than half of the partnership. Major investments are coming from Asia's
largest refinery company Sinopec Corp, China's National Offshore Oil Co. that bought out Calgary's Nexen for a reported $15.1
billion in 2013, and PetroChina, which have a large stake in the new oil sands

Globalization Is AAs A Popular Expression
Globalization" is a term that became a popular expression in the 1980 's. Its use describes the amplified movement of people,
knowledge, ideas, goods and money across national borders that leads to increased interdependence among the world 's
populations politically, publicly and culturally. Canada is one of the most globally integrated countries in the world. Our society is
comprised of a highly advanced system of communication and information technology, contains a government that is dynamic in
universal organizations, an economy that is reliant on trade, a population that travels abroad regularly, and a society composed of
individuals from countless cultural backgrounds. (Foster, T. (2006, March 9). Globalization, pg. 2–6 ... Show more content on
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It encompasses the deterioration of the environment through reduction of resources, ecosystems and the extinction of the
environment, which can either positively or negatively, affects certain Canadian businesses. There is also the suppression of human
rights to consider, which entails the lack of support and working conditions workers may face in any field. Ultimately, it can be
argued that globalization is a force for environmental devastation, exploitation of workers and suppression of human rights, all of
which are negative effects on Canadian businesses.
Exploitation of workers works internationally to negatively affect the credibility and efficiency of Canadian businesses. Nowadays
most Canadians and residents of other developed western countries are mindful of the existence of sweatshops and labour
exploitation in developing countries such as China, India, and Mexico. We all, including myself, agree that corrupt conditions and
low wages for those workers are unacceptable, but none of us can do anything about it because globalization allows it to happen.
Business is able to have factories in third world countries, such as Canadian business Joe Fresh, which has factories in India, the
Philippines and China.
People working in these factories are given less pay for more work. Their poverty and resulting economic depression in their
respective countries can trigger adverse reactions across the globe, making them a target for foreigners to choose the cheap

The Pioneer Development And Application Of Tar Sands...
The pioneer in development and application of tar sands technology is unquestionably Great Canadian Oil Sand LTD (GCOS).
Which was primarily own by an American company. In 1964 GCOS began construction, in 1968 they began commercial
production. – operated at a huge loss with "Even, so GCOS operated at a loss for 8 years... [They gained a] profit of $25 million
the last 2 years, the company still has an operating deficit of 54 million. The companies need to worry constantly about replacing
buckets, cleaning machinery and those are costly material. Imperial oil was controlling the section with the first deep tar sands that
was exploited at Cold lake, where reserves estimated at about 160 billion barrels. Lots of companies like, BP Canada Ltd.,
Hudson's Bay oil and Gas Ltd. and AOSTRA are studying a combustion method employing steam injection and in situ combustion
6 requiring the oil the companies were able to choose from two major was of extracting oil. Mining of bitumen involves the open–
face mining of oil sands ore. Ore is transported to a central processing plant, where the bitumen is separated from the sand and
subsequently upgraded to synthetic crude oil. Mining can only be effective for bitumen deposits located sufficiently close to the
surface. In situ bitumen extraction refers to the extraction of bitumen directly from the ground. As the bitumen does not flow
naturally at the reservoir temperature, the viscosity of the bitumen must first be lowered to allow the bitumen

Ice Storm Case Study
1998 Ice Storm– Theme 3 Description This ice storm was one of the largest natural disasters in Canada. In January of 1998
between the 4th and the 10th of the month St. Lewis Valley got freezing rain and ice pellets that ended up being up to 100mm. This
affected sections from Kingston to Quebec's Eastern Townships. This disaster injured 945 people and took 35 lives. Due to the
storm, 600 000 people were displaced and 1 630 000 people were out of power in Ontario and Quebec. The Ice Storm of 1998 was
an estimated cost of 5.4 billion dollars due to damages involving trees falling, car crashes and other issues. Identify and Explain
The ice storm was a social issue due to all the citizens affected and impacted by it. People were out of power for quite awhile in
both Ontario and Quebec, many people were cut off from one another due to no phones or services. Another factor of it being a
social issue is that it hurt many families because of injuries and death. It aso brought many Canadians together because of people
needing to leave their homes and took shelter at other people's homes. Historical Significance This was very important at the time
because it affected so many people's lives, some people lost family members and others were injured. People had issues trying to
get to work to support their family, cars starting to go to the grocery store and people just trying to live. The connection is as listed
above, people couldn't function how they were use to, people couldn't do

A Brief Note On Canadian Oil Company With Oil Sands
Cenovus is a Canadian oil company with oil sands operations in northern Alberta that use specialized methods like steam–assisted
gravity drainage (SAGD) to drill and pump the oil to the surface (Cenovus Energy, 2015g). Cenovus currently has two producing
SAGD projects in the oil sands – Foster Creek and Christina Lake; our project is based on the latter, as well as several emerging
projects which are in various stages of development. Their advanced technology allows them to operate safely, efficiently, and in
an environmentally friendly way, that is also cost effective (Cenovus Energy, 2015c). The major issue facing oil companies is the
major drop in oil prices. Even so, Cenovus' operations in Christina Lake can remain profitable even at ... Show more content on
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Methodology We agreed that throughout our research, we must use different methods in order to collect the most valuable and
appropriate information. We used the Cenovus Energy Inc. website, online newspapers, journals, and magazine articles. Moreover,
we used several other sources, such as Yahoo Finance, the Bloomberg Terminal, the Globe and Mail, Gurufocus and the Oilsands
Review to gather specific data, such as financial statements and the company 's capital expenditures. Also we employed formal
methods and ratios to collect numerical data to estimate the size and timing of all the cash flows from the project. The Cenovus
Energy Inc. website is a reliable source that is rich in information. When we were browsing the website, it was easy to follow and
find the information needed because of the clear organization and listings on the home page. Furthermore, we were able to find
information related to emerging oil projects, operations, and corporate responsibility. Also, we could find news releases and track
the status of the project we were focusing on. Throughout our research process, we came across many informative newspapers,
journals, and magazine articles relevant to the project. The newspaper articles provided us with information about events that we
tied to certain changes in the financial statements and stock prices of the company. Simultaneously, news

Suncor Case Study
AIR QUALITY
1.0 Terms of Reference
The terms of reference were given by the AENV 2007 which was issued by the Alberta Environment. Under these regulations, the
requirements were declared with respect to air quality measures. 2.0 Air quality Environment
2.1 Screening
The study performed by Suncor primarily focused on long term effects, as short term effects were innocuous to fauna and flora
population. Suncor must focus on three respective phases during their screening assessment to ensure adequate revision and risk
mitigation. The pre–construction air quality phase as well as the operational phase air quality, and post project air quality. To
simplify the measures Suncor should divide these into three components for the Voyageur South Project. ... Show more content on
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The pre–construction terrestrial resources as well as the operational terrestrial resources, and post project terrestrial resources. To
simplify the measures Suncor should divide these into three sections for the Voyager South Project. Terrestrial resources consider
four components soil and terrain, terrestrial vegetation wetlands and forest resources, wildlife and wildlife habitat, and biodiversity.
Suncor Energy Inc provides information on terrestrial resources required by AENV 2007. 3.2 Scoping + Public Involvement
3.2.1 Temporal Scope
The temporal scope was not clearly outlined and assumptions were made that all development was 100 percent, and then reclaimed
to closure for 100 percent. Only analysis on maximum disturbance was made, even though development will be closed and
reclaimed sequentially, therefore disturbance at any given time will be less than assessed making the temporal scope highly
inaccurate. 3.2.2 Spatial Scope
The spatial boundary scope was well organized into categories. The SRSA was used for modelling old growth forest. The LSA was
established to focus on local effects and the RSA was focused on the Eco district boundary, geographic and tophagraphic
boundaries such as the eastern shoulder of the Birch Mountains, woodland and caribou areas, average diameter of two moose
ranges from the oil sands, the Fort McMurray area and development of new

Oil Sand Industry In Canada
One of the major contributors to both our economy and the environment is the tar sand industry, and yet there are not that many
Canadians who are aware of the problems and benefits that this industry brings to our country. Every day we are destroying our
nature and environment because of the economy benefits that the oil sands bring to our country. Canada is the parent of one of the
major oil sands operations in the whole World. To be more specific, its located mainly in the province of Alberta, and it is started in
1967. Alberta has the third largest oil sand reserves in the world, and there is approximately around 168 billion barrels of oil
located under the lands of Alberta (Alberta Energy). Oil sand is a type of dense oil that is mixed ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Everything that is going on in Canada depends on our economy, such as the inflation rates, the unemployment, living expense and
etc. Economy is one of the most important factors that affects the lives of people because people's investments, jobs and the quality
of their lives depends on the economy. If the economy crashes, lots of people will lose their jobs and the quality of their lives will
decrease day by day. Tar sands operation generates a lot of money for Canada and it is one of the main contributors to the
economy. The government is getting lots of money from the companies that are in control of these operations. Those companies
have to pay a lot of taxes and royalties to the government and beside that they have to pay for leasing the government lands that
they are currently using. According to a research that was done by IHS, the government received around the 28 billion dollars from
the tax and the royalties that they got from the oil sand companies in 2012. Also IHS indicates that 6% of the federal government
income which is around 15 billion dollar is from the tar sand productions. So, The tar sand operations is a good source of income
for the government and that means that the Canadian government has lots of more money to spend on the areas that need
improving in our country. Since the money that the government receives is spend on the every parts of Canada, it doesn't only
affect

Athabasca River Case Study
Recommendations from Solving the Puzzle
Land
Establish 50% protected areas
The Alberta Government should legislatively protect at least 50% of its public forest lands from industrial development. Protected
areas should be developed and co–managed with Aboriginal peoples.
Implement a wetlands and biodiversity offset policy
Require establishment of biodiversity offsets for all oil sands development to offset impacts to all habitat types. To ensure a net
positive environmental benefit and address existing cumulative effects, offsets should be established with a 3:1 offset ratio – three
hectares of land should be conserved or restored for every hectare of new disturbance that occurs within the Boreal Forest Natural
Region.
Set maximum levels of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Water
Protect the Athabasca River from water withdrawals during low flow periods
Alberta Environment should complete a water management plan that identifies a science–based Ecosystem Base Flow (EBF) for
the lower Athabasca River, as a low–flow threshold below which all water withdrawals would cease. The EBF should be legally
enforceable and all water permits issued by the Alberta Government at any one time should be accountable to meet that EBF. In the
interim, the low–flow threshold for the lower Athabasca River should be at least 100 m3/s.
Define sustainable groundwater yield
Measure and map the quantity and quality of groundwater and surface/groundwater interactions, to determine both the short and
long–term sustainable yield of non–saline groundwater in the Lower Athabasca's groundwater management areas. Set legal
requirements to implement and enforce the sustainable yield of

Oil And Gas Industry : A Canadian Necessity
Albertan Oil: A Canadian Necessity
Alberta's oil and gas industry is a major necessity to the economic well being of the Canadian nation as a whole. This can be
clearly seen with regards to the federals governments Equalization plan in which Alberta has not received a payment since the
1960's. Although the oil and gas industry is detrimental to the environment, it is a necessity to the life the majority of Canadians
take for granted and the notion that we can simply turn off the oil spigot and turn to natural resources without detrimental
economic and societal impacts is unfounded, unrealistic, and without logic.
Advocates for the end of the production of oil and gas in Northern Alberta and Saskatchewan claim that Canada could function
without the oil sands (commonly referred to as "tar sands" which is improper as oil will not harder as tar will). This statement can
be supported, but not without oil. Oil would have to be imported on an ever–larger scale than it currently is, requiring increased
pipelines from the costal regions to more central Canadian locations. This would be seen as problematic to these environmental
groups who oppose such pipeline developments. These advocates often suggest alternative methods of energy ignoring the
consequences of these alternatives.
Without the oil and gas industry the federal government of Canada would be required to rework its' equalization plan, and all
Canadians as a result would see a decrease in economic prosperity even

Benefits And Consequences Of Alberta Tar Sands
Running head: The Benefits and Consequences of the Alberta Tar Sands 1 The Benefits and Consequences of the Alberta Tar Sands
Darlene Kittleson Environmental Science 101 10–08–14 Abstract 2 Our insatiable need for oil has lead us down an unsavory
pathway looking for it. The Alberta Tar Sands, an economic boom and an environmental disaster, is just one of those places. Once
thought of as too intrusive and destructive on the land, has made way for one of the largest tar sands reserves of this century.
Harvesting the tar sands will fuel our thirst for oil for many years. Canada and America will both reap the benefits and the
consequences of that oil. Running head: The Benefits and Consequences of the Alberta Tar Sands 3 The Alberta Tar Sands is one of
the best and worst oil finds of the 21st century. Best in the fact that Canada becomes a big player in the

Nexen/Cnooc Company Analysis
Nexen/CNOOC company analysis
Executive summary Nexen is an oil & gas exploration and production company that operates out of Calgary Alberta, Canada. They
are a well–run, profitable, and responsible company that operates in 7 countries and does both onshore and offshore drilling for
conventional oil & gas, shale gas, and oil sands. Their board of directors has recently unanimously agreed to a $15.1 billion buyout
by China National Offshore Oil Company (CNOOC), which is currently under review by the Canadian government. Nexen
employs a knowledge–based workforce of highly skilled workers and uses state of the art technology in the oil & gas exploration
and production industry. However, the combination of the small ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The company employs numerous petroleum engineers who examine geological samples to determine if there are oil & gas
properties to be developed and produced around the world. They concentrate their efforts in areas that are known hot spots and
actively search for new areas around the world as they try to gain a first mover advantage in a new oil region. They strive to
operate successfully through strong leadership, talented employees, and cutting edge technology, as well as working
collaboratively with their stakeholders (Nexen). The company's closest competitors are Canadian Natural Resources Limited,
EnCana Corporations, Talisman Energy Group Inc., and Canadian Oil Sands Limited. One of the company's major assets is the
research and development of state of the art technology to reach and unlock gas & oil deposits. They implement the use of
hydraulic fracturing technology to unlock unconventional gas assets, are able to drill up to 34,000 feet deep into the Gulf of
Mexico to access oil deposits below the gulf floor, and implementing gasification technology which uses steam to separate oil
deposits from the sand in the northern Alberta oil sands (Nexen's way). The company has been successful to date, however their
lack of resources and capital has limited their growth and expansion, as well as the $4.3 billion debt that they currently have
(Financial Post 2). This is why the

The Importance of Bituminous Sand Extraction of Canada
1.1 Introduction
The research is conducted on the Bituminous Sand Extraction (BSE) of Canada to see the importance of BSE Company for Canada
how this company helps in employing the people and what is its culture or environmental effect of this company for Canada.
Bituminous sand extraction is oil Extraction Company of the Canada bituminous is the combination of sand oil and clay and this
industry is develop to extract the petrol from these stones. There are many other
Countries having the bituminous sand but the wide range of this sand are finding in Canada. The research show that this company
is important for economy and showing robust future in the future because in 2004, the processing of engineered unrefined
petroleum (SCO) and natural rough bitumen spoke to 41 percent of aggregate Canadian oil generation. At an accepted WTI cost of
$32 for every barrel, the oil sands generation is relied upon to expand three fold by 2017, helping considerably more than 50% of
Alberta's oil supply. The normal elevated amount of oil action ought to prompt gigantic budgetary development in the district and
in addition in the area. The number of inhabitants in the locale (i.e., Wood Buffalo–Cold Lake Economic Region7) has expanded
by 8 percent between 2000 and 2004. This contrasts and a development of 7 percent for the region, and 5 percent for the country
over the same period. The development and improvement in the oil sands industry at the provincial level affects the common,
national

Keg River Essay
The term Keg River has been historically used within Alberta to indentify early to middle Devonian carbonate reef type structures
within the Alberta Basin. Nomenclature problems were identified by Schneider (2011) with commonly interchangeable
terminology that began in the 1930s, including Upper Elk Point formations such as the Winnipegosis, Keg River and Methy.
Sproule (in Ells, 1932) described the Keg River from outcrops along the Clearwater River, near Fort McMurray in the 1930s.
Sproule described the carbonate sequence as a "thin–bedded, alternating limestone and shale, progressing to an argillaceous
limestone under a massive dolostone."
The "Methy Formation" was first published in research from Nauss (1950), currently used as the ... Show more content on
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Corrigan (1975) divided the Keg River into two units; the lower unit "The Platform" consisting of uniform thickness over a large
regionally area; and the second unit as an aerially restricted "Buildup" consisting of reef mounds deposited on the top of the lower
platform unit. He described the Keg River Formation to contain halite, anhydrite and carbonate.
Campbell (1987) defined the Keg River Formation as an open marine carbonate with an upward shoaling character marking the
beginning of the Lower Elk Point Group (Lower Keg River Member).
This Lower Keg River member was initiated by a rapid increase in sea level elevation flooding the salt plains of the Contact
Rapids. Campbell (1987) described the Lower member of a dark micritic limestone, in a somewhat "euxinic" environment,
containing bitumen and fauna such as brachiopods, crinoids, corals, stromatoporoids and gastropods. The unit can be locally
dolomitized with a maximum thickness of approximately 50m. The Upper Keg River member was deposited during the restriction
of marine waters by the Presqu'ile Barrier reef into the Elk Point Basin (Campbell, 1987). The interior of the basin contains Upper
Keg River pinnacle reefs, banks and platforms. Campbell (1987) noted the spatial differences in the type of carbonate deposition
within sub–basins; areas from the Peace River Arch to southern Alberta show a fringing carbonate platform, while the Rainbow,
Zama and Shekelie basins contained the majority of the

Stand Against Seal Hunt and Pipelines in Canada
RESEARCH ON ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
"Protesters (left) gather near the Canadian embassy in Paris, France, to protest the annual seal hunt in Canada.
The word "honte" on the Canadian flag means "shame.""
Inuit communities are exempted from seal product restrictions and are allowed to hunt up to 400,000 seals ( a quota set by the
government)
This is because it is part of their culture
There's growing demand for seal skin coats, boots, slippers and other products in the province and across Canada
Fur is also still going to markets in China and other parts of Asia
Our federal government is fighting the European Union's ban on seal products through the World Trade Organization
European General Court dismissed a Canadian challenge of the EU ban ^^^^^
The federal Fisheries Department says that starting 2014, all licence holders taking part in the commercial seal hunt will have to
complete training on its accepted three–step process for killing seals
"The training program is working, and we have to continue at that so that sealers will operate in what we call a professional
manner and treat the animals humanely and with respect," Frank Pinhorn executive director of the Canadian Sealers Association.
The province has vigorously defended the seal hunt as a vital income source for struggling outports that rely on that cash to help
fund the rest of the fishing season.
"And what I saw this year was exactly what I see every year: seals were wounded and left to suffer crawling through

Northern Gateway Project
Kyla Macmillan
Seminar: Tuesday 5:00 pm
March 25th, 2013
ERSC 1000
Northern Gateway Pipeline
Imagine yourself looking across a river, filled with birds, deer and a beaver. These animals are at peace and you are at peace with
the ultimate certainty that all things will be right, healthy, and indestructible. Until the Northern Gateway Pipeline is built directly
through the lake, disrupting not only you, but the environment, habitat and ecosystem.
The Northern Gateway Project is a major pipeline proposed to carry crude oil from the Alberta Oil Sands to Kitimat British
Columbia. It will provide temporary jobs for 62,700 people for 10 years and will leave 1,150 long–term jobs after the pipeline is
built. Although this is a positive ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some stakeholders in the Northern Gateway Project would counter with defending the Enbridge as they plan on using thicker pipe
and horizontal drilling to bore beneath 30 rivers, instead of passing through them. Though they are changing their pipe sizes and
thickness, this new material is being used for the first time and could potentially become a disaster if the pipe breaks and leaves
over the ocean, rivers and/or environments. (5) As stated throughout this piece, First Nations people and their land is in danger if
the Northern Gateway Pipeline is built. If given a larger amount of money, the Coastal First Nations would be capable of defending
their lands and reviewing the Enbridge plans. Unfortunately this has not happened and all we can do is hope for the best.
References: 1. The Northern Gateway Oil Pipeline. MJ Whiticar University of Vancouver. 2012.
http://www.energybc.ca/issues/northerngateway.html. Retrieved on March 10, 2013. 2. Northern Gateway pipeline proposal
heading toward showdown over First Nations rights. Dene Moore. The Canadian Press. December 14, 2012.
http://www.vancouversun.com/technology/Northern+Gateway+pipeline+proposal+heading+toward+showdown/7699792/story.html.
Retrieved on March 10, 2013.
3.

Company Analysis : The Company Kinder Morgan
The company Kinder Morgan was first established in February of 1997 when a group of investors led by Richard Kinder and
William Morgan acquired the general partner of a small, publicly traded pipeline limited partnership (Enron Liquids Pipeline).
Which is Located in Huston, KMP began with very little assets, which consisted of 175 workers and a business value which was
roughly $325 million.Morgan and kinder had a goal to build a completely new type of energy company by making use of the
master limited partnership (MLP) financial structure as a growth vehicle, something that had never been attempted before. The
idea was a success and KMP became the largest publicly traded pipeline limited partnership in America based on business value. In
early times KMP grew mostly through buying companies and merging them in to one, CO2 production fields and transportation
pipelines, purchasing assets such as refined petroleum pipelines, liquids terminals, intrastate natural gas pipelines and bulk.
As time went on, the majority of KMP 's growth came through expansions and new building projects. So in recent times having
recorded major success in its country of origin the United state of America, Kinder Morgan has expanded into Canada and has
Through its subsidiary (Trans
Mountain) applied to build a new pipeline from Edmonton to Burnaby. This pipeline would run adjacent to the already existing
Trans Mountain pipeline and the whole purpose of it is to increase the transportation of oil from

Social Responsibility Report Suncor Energy Inc.
Social Responsibility Report
Suncor Energy Inc.
Mark 301 – OP95 Fundamentals of Marketing
Introduction:
Suncor Energy Inc. is a company that was founded in 1967; it is Canada 's premier integrated energy company, and the fifth largest
North American energy company. Suncor provides thousands of well–paid jobs, puts millions of dollars in Canadian businesses
every year, takes action on environment issues and supports our communities by funding local initiatives. (Suncor Website, 2012)
Suncor is leading the way in oil sands operations and development while investing in technologies to improve environmental
performance. A considerable part of Suncor's portfolio is invested renewable energy ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is not only a benefit to the environment, but it also benefits the shareholders as a more efficient company will turn a better
profit. Suncor has made it a goal to improve energy efficiency by 10% by 2015. To do this is had focused on developing
technologies to increase energy efficiency and recapture. Carbon capture and storage (CCS), Integrated CO2 Network (ICO2N)
and CO2 Capture Project (CCP3) are all developed policy and technology projects that have been deployed throughout the Suncor
organization. Suncor is also taking a leadership role in Carbon Management Canada (CMC). Suncor is revisiting future growth
project designs to evaluate GHG reduction opportunities. Suncor is also participating in advanced research on GHG abatement
technologies through CMC, ICO2N, CCP3 and other groups.
There are many by products produced in the oil sands process, many of these are air emissions containing nitrogen oxides, sulfur
oxides, and volatile organic compounds. All of these have a detrimental effect on the ecological environment and the employees
working around them. Suncor is utilizing complete Environmental Informational Management System (EIMS) implementation for
air data for all assets, and investing in equipment and technology to achieve emission reductions. Suncor is continually generating
air–related emissions data for reporting purposes, and continues to

The Alberta Tar Sands Development
What is environmental stewardship, and why is it so important? Well, environmental stewardship is being responsible, with the
way we treat the environment. It is important, because if we destroy our environment, we end up destroying that which provides
for us, and ultimately our means of survival. I am going to talk about the Alberta tar sands development, and about how they are
not effectively protecting their environment. This has already led to negative effects in the surrounding areas. These effects will
only continue to worsen, if nothing is done to slow down, or further prevent them from happening. The Alberta tar sands, is
currently the largest construction project taking place in the world, and as such is a very important development. The Alberta tar
sands are a necessary evil, because the world is running out of conventional oil, and they are the last remnants of oil. All of the
easy oil has been discovered, and exploited, and the tar sands is the crude oil that we are left with. As we all know oil is what
makes the world go round, and without it we would be unable to produce enough food, or perform many other important processes.
Therefore, the Alberta tar sands are very essential for keeping the world supplied with oil. However, there are many negative
effects from the development, and refining of the oil from the tar sands, which has caused much environmental damage. The
residents of Fort Chipewyan have lived very close with nature for many generations, and

Canada´s Oil Sands Essay
Introduction
The statement 'Canada oil sands are much more of a blessing rather than a curse' is not true because the disadvantages of oil sands
outweigh the advantages. For this reason, this paper aims at indicating points against the statement. To understand the defects of oil
sand exploration in Canada, one has to delve into the explanation of what oil sands are as well as how the entire process of mining
and refining and thereafter, determine the disadvantages based on socioeconomic factors, environmental factors, as well as the
infrastructure and energy required for its production.
Oil sands are unconventional petroleum deposits that consist of loose sand and partially consolidated sand stone that contains
natural mixtures of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Levi (2009) states that, the oil sand in Canada could adversely influence the growth of not only Canada but U.S.A as well. He
states that since the oil sand deposits can be depleted any time, then this availability would greatly reduce the amount of oil in both
Canada as well as the surrounding countries. He also states that the dependence of America on the stability on the Middle East for
its oil supply could lead to economic crisis in case the reserves get depleted reducing the amount of revenue available for use in the
countries. The oil sands production could also lead to the regulation of oil prices, as it is able to meet the demand of the oil levels
required thus reducing or depletion of reserves could result in instability of prices.
The other adverse effect of the Canadian oil sands is that pipelines and massive processes of refining oil sands in Canada are a
source of pollution that pose a great threat to air, water, and land as well as human health. Additionally, the use of its products like
natural gas that is used to run medium–sized turbines that produce electricity releases greenhouse gases. These emissions are
mostly produced when steam is injected to reduce the viscosity of the crude and during refining. These further increases to the
global warming effect that is already out of hand and it also negates the gains made by society by exposing them to the adverse
negative

Stakeholder Concerns : Corporate Management
Stakeholder Concerns
Investors
For most investors, the primary concern is profit on their Calfrac investment. However, a certain group of investors also consider
social good as an issue of great importance and as a result, practice social investing. Another major concern for an overwhelming
majority of investors is the amount of risk they take on. These investors consider the amount of risk an ownership stake in a
company entails and choose not to invest in companies that are over exposed to a single industry, have a track record of inefficient
management or are operating in a dying industry etc.
Calfrac has recently disclosed that its board of directors have approved a $12 million plan to further the expansion in Latin
America (Healing, 2015). This shows that Calfrac's management is committed to making the company more valuable thus
satisfying the investors' need for a strong ROI. The expansion also reduces Calfrac's risk due to the fact that it is becoming more
diversified and won't take substantial losses in case one of its regional operations face a downturn. To satisfy ethical investors,
Calfrac has taken a strong lean towards corporate social responsibility. The company makes an effort to reduce its environmental
footprint through the use of efficient technology and was recognized by United Way as a "Community Builder" in 2014, further
increasing Calfrac's reputation as a socially responsible company.
Employees
Some of the concerns for employees include opportunities

Oil Sands Essay
Canada has always had extensive deposits of oil sands, and has been a fascination to the explorers and settlers of earliest Canada,
when Europeans saw how First Nations people used it to water proof their birch bark canoes. That being said, the majority of oil
sands in Canada are contained in Alberta. Alberta's oil reserves play an important role in the Canadian and global economy,
supplying stable, reliable energy to the world. Alberta 's oil sands have been described by Time Magazine as "Canada 's greatest
buried energy treasure." (Alberta) Oil sand is a naturally occurring mixture of sand, clay or other minerals, water and bitumen,
which is a heavy and extremely viscous oil that must be treated before it can be used by refineries to ... Show more content on
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The process of making synthetic crude oil requires an enormous amount of water, especially in the separation process. Each barrel
of oil requires two tons of oil sands and up to five barrels of hot water. Water is also needed along with electricity to convert it
steam. The steam is pushed by steam injections making bitumen less viscous. It is quite evident that oil sands are not practical in
terms of its process. Also three–quarters of the bitumen can be recovered from the sands, leaving behind 25% as waste. With the
technology in our present society, oil sands are not entirely practical in terms of efficiency; however, in the future, this may change.
To reflect, there are many disadvantages associated with oil sands, especially in the way it is processed. As the issue of global
warming becomes more prevalent, we must evaluate choices that are "green" or do not impact our environment in a negative way.
Thus, the impacts of oil sands as an energy resource on the environment will be discussed. The Canadian and Global environment
take the hardest hits from the tar sands. Depleting and contaminating water, air pollution, processed lands and tailing ponds are left
barren with their geology disrupted, and take years to generate new life. Wildlife patterns and populations are disturbed, and
greenhouse gases are emitted at an incredible rate, to accompany the huge expense of natural gases. The oil sands do not just
produce

Athabasca Oil Sands: A Case Study
Introduction
The Athabasca oil sands are the second largest producer of crude oil in the world, with a surface area of approximately 100 000
square kilometres (Anderson, Giesy & Wiseman, 2010). The Alberta Energy and Utilities Board estimates that the oil sands
contains approximately 1.7 trillion barrels of crude bitumen, however only 19% can be ultimately recovered (Raynolds, Severson–
Baker & Woynillowicz, 2005; Humphries, 2008). The availability of recoverable bitumen makes Canada's oil sands deposit larger
even than that of Saudi Arabia (Czarnecki, Hamza, Masliyah, Xu & Zhou, 2004).The process of surface and in situ mining of the
Athabasca oil sands is causing rapid and significant degradation of the regional environment surrounding ... Show more content on
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The steam acts as a separating agent to isolate the bitumen from the other constituents (Anderson et al., 2010). Bitumen that is
extracted by in situ processes is upgraded into more valuable synthetic crude and then refined into fuel for gasoline or diesel. The
remaining bitumen is directly processed as raw (Bergenson, Charpentier, & MacLean, 2009).
Water Resources and the Athabasca River
The mining processes of the Athabasca oil sands directly affect water resources surrounding the mining pits, specifically the
Athabasca River and its tributaries. Water use has been identified by the Alberta Chamber of Resources as a top four challenge of
oil sands mining processes (Raynolds et al., 2005). The extraction of bitumen requires freshwater in large quantities, on a scale of
2–4 barrels of water for every barrel of oil produced (Anderson et al., 2010).
Tailings is what becomes of the water used in the extraction of oil. It is a slurry of bitumen, water, sand, silt and clay particles.
Tailings ponds, which are actually man–made structures, take up more than 50 square kilometres of land in northern Alberta
(Raynolds et al., 2005). The water that is used in the extraction of oil separates from the other constituents in tailings ponds as the
sediments settle on the bottom, and is pumped back to the extraction plant to be reused. Tailings ponds present environmental risks
to freshwater resources due to the

Oil Sands Essay
The importance of oil in our society is so great that it affects developed and developing countries. It is a huge contributor to
economic growth and environmental destruction. Although the Alberta Oil Sands has destroyed acres of local and global
(indirectly) ecosystems, it has achieved and ensured that Canada stays as an economic power. The economical, cultural, and
political benefits the oil sands give to Canada makes it an irreplaceable asset to our nation and our global community
The oil sands have always been Canada's major contributor to our economic activity. The oil industry has benefited other industries
as well such as business services, manufacturing, retail, finance and insurance. The economic impacts of the oil sands are ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Due to the unequal global distribution of oil deposits, the Alberta Oil Sands has a high value in the world market. In fact, the oil
sands make Canada a leading nation on the world energy market. The prosperity if Canada also generates in more subtle ways.
With help of treaties and agreements, even poor, developing countries can get a fair share of the products of the Oil Sands. It
promotes economies partnership and can be used to create agreements with other countries. If possible, the Alberta Oil Sands could
be an ideal sanction against rising, aggressive powers. the long term effects that the Oil Sands has promoted or contributed to
globalization also includes technological breakthroughs, the reduction of cultural barriers and the interdependence of global
nations.
Many critics argue that oil has had too big an impact to our society that we have become too dependant on it. The fact that oil is a
non–renewable resource makes us more vulnerable for the inevitable change in the future. However, oil is arguably the best energy
provider in our generation. It is cheap and easy to develop and transport. It is highly efficient (compared to alternative sources of
energy). To simply discontinue the development of the oil sands would leave huge consequences. The global economy would
suffer, as well as, possibly, the quality of lives of people. The unlimited "need" for oil in our society cannot be limited by
government decisions. Rather than changing an

2013 Fiscal And Environmental Analysis
Suncor Investment Report Case Study 2010 – 2013 Fiscal and Environmental Analysis Written Report Turner Fenton SS Date of
Report: January 17th 2015 Suncor Energy Inc. Alun Stokes Mr. Barrett BBI 2O8 – A January 17th 2015 I. COMPANY ANALYSIS
Suncor was founded in 1919 in Montreal, and originally incorporated as Sun Company of Canada, (Subsidiary of Sun Oil). It
stayed as such until 1979, at which point the name 'Suncor' came to fruition through the merging of Great Canadian Oil Sands, and
its conventional gas and oil interests. Suncor Energy is an integrated energy company that specializes in the production of synthetic
crude oil from oil sands in Calgary, Alberta. ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS When looking for investment opportunities, whilst
analyzing the trends in a company's financials may paint a fairly accurate picture of their financial standing, and allow for
prediction in years to come, without first properly addressing environmental factors that affect the company, one cannot come to an
informed decision about where or not to invest. The predominant categories these fall under being political, social, economic and
technological, there are certain facets that prove more important than others. In terms of Suncor Energy, there is no one most
important factor, as each interconnects with the others to make up that which is the competitive environment. To begin with, the
economic environment affects Suncor, both on a local and global scale.

Economic Benefits Of The Alberta Tar Sands Outweigh The...
Do the economic benefits of the Alberta tar sands outweigh the environmental costs? World needs energy and Alberta need the oil
sands to strengthen the economy. When considering Canada, especially Alberta has been in the oil market, bringing heaps of
economic benefits to the country. Besides, energy has turned out to be one of the essential and basic needs, mandatory for the
economic progress of a nation. Depending on consumption of the main energy sources, oil is used in a percentage of around 38%,
gas is around 21% and also, coal is around 28%. As the developing countries and developed world continue to grow rapidly, many
obstacles arise from our dependence on these burnable energies. The availability and consumption of energy resources need to be
related to the costs of the global economy and as well as to the ecological impacts. Mainly, the environmental risks associated with
energy consumption are related to oil abstraction and their discharge related problems. In addition, these natural resources like
coal, oil and gases generate difficulties in both ways, while extracting as well in their use. Besides, the other main problem is the
supply of these fuels from other countries and they highly rely on transportation methods or pipe lines which could cause massive
destruction to our nature. And at the same time, many arguments take place in regard to the damage cause by these oil sands. Yet,
there are no primary energy origins which are free of economic or

Canadian Natural Case Study
Although founded recently in 1989 in Alberta Canada, Canadian Natural has quickly grown into one of the world's largest natural
gas producers. Along with natural gas, they also process and produce crude oil as well as oil sands both nationally and
internationally. Canadian Natural also produces and refines gas and oil that is sold for business and homes across Canada as well as
across the country through 3rd party clients (Who We Are, 2016).
Husky Refining Company was founded in 1938 in Cody Wyoming and quickly became a major oil and fuel contributor for the US
Navy Ships in World War II. In 1946 Husky relocated operations to Lloydminster, Alberta, Canada where is has produced and
process oil, gas, and other energy–related products that are shipped worldwide (About Husky, 2016). Because Husky Energy is a
producer of oil and gas, their key market target would be Alberta and British Columbia while also targeting local, national, and
international 3rd party companies who license from Husky and sell under their brand name. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Both Husky and Canadian Natural are mainly B2B sellers of oils and gas, so they do not have in place a B2C marketing plan. Both
companies sell locally, nationally, and internationally to 3rd party businesses and dependent on production costs versus demand to
set pricing and remain

Lberta Case Study

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Lberta Case Study