2. Contents Ser Estar Verbs Like Gustar Hacer Expressions Preterite Tense Trigger Words -Car, -Gar, -Zar Spock Verbs Cucaracha Verbs 10. Snakes y Snakeys 11. DOPS 12. IOPS 13. Commands 14. Irregular Commands 15. Se Impersonal
3. Ser “Permanent” form of “To Be” (Compare ESTAR) A good way to remember is DOCTOR PED: D: Descriptions (¿Qué es?) O: Origin (de) (¿De dónde es?) C: Characteristics (¿Como es?) T: Time ¿(Qué hora es?) O: Occupation (¿Qué hace?) R: Relationships (¿Quién es?) P: Possession (de) (¿De quién es?) E: Events (¿Cuando/Dónde es?) D: Dates (¿Qué día es hoy/Cual es la fecha de hoy?)
4. Ejemplos y Tabla Es un calendario. Soy de Costa Rica. Tú eres rubio. Son las seis y media. La mujer es abogada. Son mis hermanas. Esto es el dinero de Pepe. La fiesta es jueves. Mi cumpleaños es miércoles. La fecha es el veintiséis de enero dos mil once.
5. Estar “Temporary” form of “To Be” (Compare SER) A good way to remember is HELPING: H: Health (Cómo estás) E: Emotions (Cómo estás) L: Location (en) (Dónde estás) P: Present Condition (Cómo Está) I: N: G: Gerunds: -ar-> -ando -er/ir -> -iendo o –yendo (Qué estás haciendo?)
6. Ejemplos y Tabla Está bien hoy. Estoy nerviosa. Estamos en la cocina. El cielo está nublado. Estás ayudando. Estoy escribiendo. Están leyendo.
7. Verbs Like Gustar Gustar: To be pleasing to/To like Fascinar: To fascinate Molestar: To bother Encantar: To love/be enchanted by Faltar: To lack/be in need of Importar: To be important to Disgustar: To not be pleasing to/To dislike Aburrir: To bore Indirect object pronouns are necessary! (Me, nos, te, os, le, les) The IOPS always come before the verb!
8. Ejemplos Dancing is pleasing to me; I like dancing: Me gusta bailar. David dislikes apples; Apples are not pleasing to David: A David le disgustan manzanas. He bothers you. Él le molesta.
9. Hacer Expressions Hacer expressions tell how long ago something happened. At this level, be more concerned with the present tense expression.
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11. Preterite Tense Regular -ar Verbs: Regular –er/-ir Verbs A definite time in the past with a beginning and/or ending
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13. -Car, -Gar, -Zar The first group of irregular preterite verbs. It only changes in the first person tense. This group pertains to verbs ending in –car, -gar, or –zar.
14. Spock Verbs Ir, ser, dar, ver, y hacer. Another grouping of irregular preterite verbs. Ir/ser Dar/ver Hacer
16. Cucaracha Verbs A third grouping of irregular preterite verbs. A way to remember their conjugations is to sing them to the tune of “La Cucaracha.” For the verbs “conducir,” “producir,” and “traducir,” drop the “i” in –ieron in the third person plural tense.
34. The verb is a gerund or a present progressive verb.
35. If the DOP can hook onto the end of the verb, an accent mark must be added to the syllable of the verb that will retain the original sound of the original verb.
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37. IOPS (Indirect Object Pronouns) Tells “for whom” or “for what.” There must be a DOP for there to be an IOP! An IOP and a DOP cannot both begin with an “l,” so the IOP “le” ends up with the DOPS “lo” or “la,” change the “le” to “se.” The IOP always comes before the DOP. The same rules as the DOP apply to the IOP for attaching them to the end of a verb.
38. Tabla y Ejemplos “I gave it to her.” Se lo di. “Give it to me!” ¡Démelo! “They gave it to you.” Te lo dieron. * There is no feminine -distinguishing IOP for the third person tense.
39. Regular Commands Put the verb in “yo” form and change to the opposite vowel. Do this for both affirmative and negative commands. Add the “n” at the end for a plural command.
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41. Ejemplos “Do your homework! ¡Haga tu tarea! “Be happy!” ¡Esté feliz! “Know this for the test!” ¡Sepa esto para el examen! “You two, don’t go there!” ¡No vayan allí!
