1. Understanding the film and TV INdustries
Ownership and FUnding (P1, M1, D1)
define the following models of ownership
public service
commercial
independant company
global conglomorate
horizontal / vertical integration
monopoly
This is a service that is provided by the public for the public and these are regulated by the government
A television or radio advert
A company that is privately owned not by the government usually not ever available to the public
a company that is formed through a large amount of corporations globally
Vertical is when several steps occur in production or distribution within one company in order to increase
its marketplace position in the hierarchy
Horizontal is when a company thinks up and uses a strategy to increase their shares within the market by
taking over a similar company
This is a company that only sells a particular commodity and this company is the only company to sell it

2. explore two case studies which demonstrate two contrasting
ownerShip models
case study 1:
case study 2:
BBC Advertising and how they make money
The BBC are a multi national corporation that specialise in advertising and live broadcasting, they make
their money through these two methods
The BBC make a lot of money through the use of a television licence that is paid by everyone that uses a
television, The annual amount paid by a viewer of the BBC is compulsory and equates to about £149
which in turn pays millions to the BBC due to their high amounts of viewers on a regular basis and the
amount of revenue that is gathered over one year can add up to a huge profit for them
The live broadcasting that the BBC provides for the public means that they provide a public service that
the public pay for, this is a lot of the income of the BBC
The advertising that the BBC provides is through adverts on the BBC Channel, Also they provide several
other channels e.g.. BBC entertainment, BBC lifestyle, CBBC and CBeebies. CBBC and CBeebies are
channels that have been specially made in order to capture the eyes of young children all the way up to
teenagers who would quickly find that this a popular channel pick for them when growing up and these
channels make a huge amount of revenue due to the amount of kids watching CBBC and the amount of
kids watching CBeebies and these methods of live broadcast make the BBC huge revenues
Also the BBC has a website that displays advertising through many links that are changed regularly, you
can visit the website and look at news stories, the weather report and there is also a television schedule for
the viewers, Also the website features a link to the BBC I Player which allows you to catch up with the
latest programmes if you missed them which saves recording which is an incentive
Channel 4 Advertising and how they make money
Channel 4 is a multi national corporation that specializes in advertising and live broadcasting
The channel 4 is payed for under the television license and the annual fee adds up to quite a chunk of
revenue for channel 4
The advertising for channel 4 is through adverts on its channel and the advertising for channel 4+1 and E4
and E4+1 as well as 4 on demand is all available while watching other programmes on other channels.
Also billboards advertising channel 4 programmes are often seen with the channel 4 logo attatched and so
when you see that programme you will be able to see what it has to offer and the maybe you will watch it
constantly as opposed to other channels
The channel 4 programmes tend to be aimed at teenagers and this is good for the channel as it will receive
a large population of viewers that will watch programmes on this channel constantly and will probably get
into a habit of frequently visiting 4od which creates revenue for channel 4 on a large scale
Even older adults will be watching channel four due to the variety of comedy and dramatic programmes
that it shows on a daily basis, Channel four is well known for hosting the broadcasting of hit Television
Shows like Friends and Everyone Loves Raymond

3. discuss how funding is generated through the following revenues
licence fee
sponsorship
subscription
pay per view
advertising
product placement
development funds
If you are sponsored by someone who is quite well known then you can access its commercial potential for
a fee which will in turn generate you more revenue
This can give a large revenue by people paying a monthly or weekly fee for a service e.g. an online game
having a subscription to be paid so you get benefits within the game
This generates revenue through the service of showing something like a show at a certain time and putting
a fee on it, e.g. wrestling on a channel that you pay twenty pounds for and then at 8 o clock you can watch
it on the channel you purchased it off of
By advertising a product or service it encourages people to buy that product or service meaning that you
will generate revenue through these purchases
This generates revenue by the fact that in a television programme or film, the audience familiarise
themselves with the brands and logos of well known companies e.g. there may be a billboard advertising
coca cola in a film which will be made familiar by the films audience and may in turn cause a lot of the
viewers to buy coca cola
This generates revenue due to channels being shown that advertise products and make people aware of
them and their prices meaning that people will probably buy these products
You can fund a lot of revenue from this because if a license fee is charged every month for television then
people will almost always pay it and you will generate revenue

4. define the following working patterns
over the following pages identify 5 different jobs within the
creative media sector and create A PROFLE OF EACH JOB.
shift work
freelance
fixed term
JOB ROLES AND CONTRACTS (P2, M2, D3)
This type of working pattern means that you are hired for a certain time that you are made aware of and the
main part of the job is that it is not permanent meaning that you may be essentially fired off after a few
months if your fixed term contract ends before you are hired permanently . This leads to an inconsistent
job pattern
This type of work means that you are hired to do shifts of work at certain times that are fixed every time so
that people will fulfill a specific amount of hours and the hours wont generally change e.g. nine in the
morning until five at night or if you had a night shift you may work from nine at night until seven in the
morning but the important part is that you work in sections of time
This type of work means that you are self employed and not committed to a certain business or company
meaning that you can make money through a company paid job but you do it through your own funds and
keep all of the profit e.g. a free lance photographer may take pictures and sell them on to a company but is
not employed by the company to do so, similarly they may sell the pictures on to the public at a price that
isnt fixed

5. job: Director
As a director the roles and responsibilities that you would have to fulfill are as follows:
Script writing: This may or may not be needed but when it is needed the expectations would be to spend a
large portion of time writing and proofreading a script for a film and then in turn getting second opinions
and tweaking it all the way up to when an actor/actress will be saying it within a film
Choosing cast and locations: This is key to making a film due to this being what makes a film, the role of a
director would be to make the most crucial decisions in this field as to who will be cast in the film and the
location(s) of the film. The crew must also be selected and this is also crucial because the crew may be
inexperienced and that would make a bad film so you would need to choose wisely. You would also be in
charge of lighting, camera shots, filming and any special effects that need to be added
In order to be a director you must have artistic visions in order to make successful films and you need to be
consistent in you work as well as all of the above and you have to be a successful and powerful leader to
lead the film to success
If you fulfill these roles you could be looking at huge revenue which varies depending on if your shooting
a Hollywood blockbuster or a film that only really just profits

6. job: Cameraman
As a camera man you will be faced with key qualities and responsibilities due to your role in shooting a
film.
Physical coordination and strength: You will need a mixture of both great coordination with the camera
and strength to be able to move and set up your camera from location to location
Ability to use technical skills with creativity: You will need to be a very creative person in order to fulfill
the role of the camera man and the combination is key to being able to perform well as a cameraman and
keep consistency within the workplace
Precise attention to detail: You will need a good eye when being a camera man, you will need to have a
skill of looking out for precision when referring to the detail within the production and your eye should
detect a perfect shot from an average shot
Excellent communication skills and a good sense of teamwork: You will need to be polite to people but at
the same time should have a good idea of how to communicate freely with people because they may not
always be making the right decisions but it goes both ways, the skill of communication also includes
certain things such as explaining how you want something to look for it to be filmed.
You must also be very eager and ready to work as part of a team because you are never going to be alone
and you need to be ready for group discussion and work as a whole because the team of crew that you will
be on will will all need to be able to see you as approachable and a team player

7. job: Script Editor
You will be expected to have a critical overview of a script that has been made for you and you are
expected to be just as creative in terms of your future visions of what a production should look like and
how to make it as successful as you can
You should have a keen insight into the all of the different aspects that there are in screenplay tone, genre,
structure, character, plot action and dialogue
You must understand the various stages within development including synopses, rough drafts and treaties
and you should be able to help develop these into a success
You may need to have a key understanding and knowledge of the film market and all of the requirements
that need to be met to make an extremely successful film with a lot of profit income
The best script editors are usually experienced and qualified in the field of negotiating with screenwriters
and film producers in order to produce very profitable production

8. job: Costume Designer
You will be expected to have a key eye for designing the outfits that will be worn by the actors this means
that you will have a key eye for fashion if it is a chickflick or a key eye for amazing life like versions of
the costumes that viewers will be able to familiarise themselves with, this means that a spider man costume
would need a lot of detail etc...
You must carry out certain research into costume styles, design and the construction of all of the costumes
You must be familiar with certain materials and will need to be able to meet deadlines of drafts and you
will need to plan in advance and must be consistent at planning and meeting the deadlines. This is a must
have requirement.
Finally you must be flexible and must be able to keep busy doing the work that you have been given

9. job: Editor
You have a very simple yet consistently similar job of editing films that needs to be cut and made into a
perfectly showable film
You must be able to meet deadlines
You must be able to keep work constant and be able to keep a consistent schedule
You must be able to edit properly and be able to cut and trim clips to make the films ready to be watched
in the cinema by the end of your deadline

10. WHAT RIGHTS ARE WORKERS ENTITLED TO? trade unions, HEALTH AND SAFETY, EQUAL OPS
RIGHTS, ETHICS AND LEGAL (P3, M3, D3)
There a certain amount of rights that workers are entitled to when they are in the workplace these are based
on your statutory rights and your contract of employment and so your rights at work change depending on
whether or not you have certain statutory rights
Your contract of employment is not allowed lawfully to take away any rights that you have e.g. if a
contract says that you are only allowed to receive two weeks paid holiday per year but lawfully every full
time worker is entitled to four weeks paid holiday per year then that part of the contract does not apply and
the lawful right is applied instead
Your statutory rights are rights that have been passed by parliament and are based off of the law. Nearly
every worker has certain legal rights regardless of their workload per week. These rights can be applied
immediately or may require a certain length of time before they apply to the worker
The rights are as follows:
The right to a written statement of terms of employment that is issued within the first two months of
starting work
The right to an itemized pay slip which will apply from the day that the employee starts working
The right to be paid at least the national minimum wage which applies from day one that the worker starts
The right to not have illegal deductions made from wages which applies from the first day of work
The right to a paid holiday which if you are full time is twenty eight days per year, part time employees are
entitled to a portion of the holiday time
The right to time off for trade union activities and duties which applies from day one of the work. However
this time off does not necessarily have to be paid. The employee also has a right to an accompaniment by a
trade union representative to a disciplinary or grievance hearing. If an employee takes part in official
industrial action and is dismissed due to this then it is automatically an unfair dismissal
The right to paid time off to look for work if being made redundant which applies once the employee has
worked for two years
The right to time off to study or training for 16-17 year olds which applies immediately
The right to paid time off for ante natal care which applies instantly
The right to paid maternity leave
The right to paid paternity leave
The right to ask for flexible working to care for children or adult dependents
The right to paid adoption leave

11. IDENTIFY ANY EXAMPLES OF WHERE YOU CONSIDER THE CREATIVE MEDIA
INDUSTRIES TO HAVE BROKEN ETHICAL CODES
The phone hacking scandal: This involved the accusations of phone hacking, police bribery and using
improper influence in order to publish stories for the news of the world. The investigations took place
between 2005 and 2007 and concluded that the paper phone hacking activities were limited to celebrities,
politicians and members of the British royal family. In 2011 it was revealed that a murdered school girl,
relatives of deceased british soldiers and victims of the 7/7 bombings all had their phones hacked too
which led to a public outcry towards the owner of The News Of The World "Rupert Murdoch"
The code of ethics provides guidance that lawyers can use for certain matters ranging from client
confidentiality to the treatment of witnesses in and out of the courtroom. Proven violations of the rule of
professional conduct can result in a variety of penalties ranging from verbal/written warnings up to the
ability to practice law being lost
White house scandal: This involved a large amount of people accusing Barack Obama of the the attack on
the U.S compound in Benghazi, Libya due to the accusation that the White House had leaked classified
information about a foiled al-Qaeda plot that may have enhanced Obamas credentials in national security.
Then a disclosure happened and it was brought out that the IRS officials had apparently singled out
conservative and tea party organizations in processing their application for no profit.
Spying on foreign allies: This involved the claim that the US were spying on foreign allies and the amount
of oversight that the US had was like no other country and that any mistakes made had been human or
technical
It was also claimed that the NSA had gathered data on millions of telephone calls but this was said to be
completely false. Furthermore Gen. Alexander said that much of the data that was collected was from non
US outlets and was later shared with the NSA. She further went on to say that it is far more important to
protect the nation than give up on a programme that could give the nation risk of attack.
Later it was claimed that the US bugged German Chancellor Angela Merkels phone for more than a decade
and the surveillance only ended a few months before. Also it was claimed that the NSA spied on french
diplomats in Washington as well as the UN and that they conduced surveillance on millions of French and
Spanish phone calls amount other operations against the allies of the US
It was with understanding that Obama was unware of the bugging of Angela Merkels phone which causes
huge problems

12. WHAT ARE THE MAIN RESPOSIBILITIES AND ROLES OF THE FOLLOWING
THE BROADCASTING act
THE BBFC
ofcom
The broadcasting act is there in order to give the Independent Broadcasting Authority the power to provide
a second television station. This made the process of creating channel four possible in 1982
Also it allowed the government to take control of the BBC in a national emergency
The BBFC have responsibilities that are in the best interests of adults that are parents due to the fact that
they publish the age certificate on films that are shown in the cinema and they also publish the age
certificates that are set for every video game that is sold. It is illegal for a game or film to be sold in any
store so it is important for the BBFC to be up and running
This is the office of communications that has a responsibility to communicate between each news
broadcasting station and is used to contact each programme

13. WHAT HAVE BEEN THE SIGNIFICANT CHANGES TO THE TV INDUSTRY IN RECENT
YEARS?
INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENTS (P4, M4, D4)
Developments in the TV industry are as follows:
From the development of the television industry in the 1900s the television has been advanced in many
different ways and hundreds of channels have been added in order to salute the entertainment of the public
and everyone has been part of it through complaints and reviews
When the invention of sky came along it was incredibly popular and gave television a huge reputation for
the amount of channels that have been provided
Recently new things like virgin media which is a happy medium between sky and normal television and
also free view and this has recently just made the television industry incredibly popular and the amount of
television licenses has been incredible in the last ten years it has increased the amount of money income
from 2003. The amount of money made has further revolutionized television and will further revolutionize
the amount of television that will be seen by the public and will increase revenue tenfold
Also on sky there has been a new channel added "disney channel" which can be used for entertaining your
children as it features every character from disney which your children can familiarise with and enjoy
which means that even your children should be able to feel entertained by the television industry
Also the CBBC channel has started broadcasting its programmes broadcast on its channel to BBC I Player
and this is good if younger kids use the web because they can access this and watch their favourite
programmes at their own leisure.

14. WHAT HAVE BEEN THE SIGNIFICANT CHANGES TO THE FILM INDUSTRY IN RECENT
YEARS?
The film industry has gained a much larger source of revenue that is gained from the making of films, the
main well known films with well known actors are making peaks of billions of dollars from just one film,
The actors in films are much like the film itself because people will go and see the film to see an actor in
the film, The "star power" phrase is no joking matter when you think about how many famous actors there
are and how eager people will be to see them
Also the fact that a lot of films can have very positive effects on people like nostalgia, the films released
e.g. spiderman will generate huge amounts of revenue because of the nostalgia not to mention in recent
films there have been bigger budgets due to special effects and such e.g.. The Expendables had multiple
explosions and The avengers had the same likeness with special effects