Meningomyelocele is a neural tube defect affecting 1 in 1000 births where the meninges and neural components protrude through the spine. It most commonly occurs in the lumbar or sacral region. Associated conditions include orthopedic problems, urological issues, and Arnold Chiari malformation. Prenatal diagnosis is possible using ultrasound and biochemical tests. Surgical closure is typically performed within 24 hours to reduce neurological deficits, along with shunt placement if hydrocephalus develops. Perioperative care focuses on infection prevention and hemodynamic stability, with postoperative monitoring for complications like respiratory distress, apnea, or hydrocephalus symptoms.