In these slides you will be able to know what is marketing and marketing functions and about various type of marketing functions like packaging, storage,processing, transportation, market information, financing, grading and standardization.
The slides describes the basics of agricultural marketing, its importance, scope with some concepts like market, dimensions of market, market structure, market conduct and market performance.
In these slides you will be able to know what is marketing and marketing functions and about various type of marketing functions like packaging, storage,processing, transportation, market information, financing, grading and standardization.
The slides describes the basics of agricultural marketing, its importance, scope with some concepts like market, dimensions of market, market structure, market conduct and market performance.
This presentation says all about Regulation of agricultural marketing, regulated markets, state agricultural marketing boards, recent initiatives for improving agricultural marketing.
Types of Agricultural markets LLB- SEM Iyogita9398
Types Of Agricultural Markets
Class: LLB I Subject: Agricultural marketing Law
Intro
What is meant by agriculture marketing? Agricultural marketing is a process that involves the assembling, storage, processing, transportation, packaging, grading and distribution of different agricultural commodities across the country.What is Market?Traditionally, a market was a physical place where buyers and sellers gathered to buy or sell the goods. Markets can be classified on different bases. This classification is off-shoot of traditional approach
On the basis of location or place or operation
a) Village market: A market which is located in a small village, where major transaction takes place among the buyers and sellers of a village, is called village market.
b) Primary market: These markets are located in towns near the centres of production of agricultural commodities. In these markets, a major part of the produce brought for sale by the producer-farmers themselves. Transactions in these markets usually take place between farmers and primary traders.
c) Secondary wholesale market: These markets are located generally at district headquarters or important trade centres or railway junctions. The major transactions in commodities in these markets take place between primary/village traders and wholesalers. The bulk of arrival in these markets is from other markets. The produce in these markets in handled in large quantities. Therefore, there are specialized marketing agencies (commission agents, brokers, etc) performing different marketing functions
d) Terminal markets: A terminal market is one where the produce is either finally disposed of to the consumers or processors or assembled for export. In these markets,
merchants are well organized and use modern methods of marketing. Commodity exchange exists in these markets which provides facilities of forward trading in specific commodities. Such markets are present either in metropolitan cities or at seaports.
Cont…
e) Modern terminal market: The Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India has taken initiative to promote modern terminal markets
for fruits, vegetables and other perishable commodities in important urban centres of the country. These terminal markets are envisaged to operate on a ‘hub and spoke’
format where the terminal market (the hub) is linked to a number of collection centres (the spokes) to allow easy access to farmers for marketing of their produce. These
markets are to be build, owned and operated by either a corporate, private or cooperative entity. Government of India has launched a scheme under which subsidy is
available upto 25% for capital investment in agricultural marketing infrastructure for terminal markets with a ceiling limit of Rs 50 lakhs for private agencies.
f) Seaboard markets: Markets which are located near
This presentation says all about Regulation of agricultural marketing, regulated markets, state agricultural marketing boards, recent initiatives for improving agricultural marketing.
Types of Agricultural markets LLB- SEM Iyogita9398
Types Of Agricultural Markets
Class: LLB I Subject: Agricultural marketing Law
Intro
What is meant by agriculture marketing? Agricultural marketing is a process that involves the assembling, storage, processing, transportation, packaging, grading and distribution of different agricultural commodities across the country.What is Market?Traditionally, a market was a physical place where buyers and sellers gathered to buy or sell the goods. Markets can be classified on different bases. This classification is off-shoot of traditional approach
On the basis of location or place or operation
a) Village market: A market which is located in a small village, where major transaction takes place among the buyers and sellers of a village, is called village market.
b) Primary market: These markets are located in towns near the centres of production of agricultural commodities. In these markets, a major part of the produce brought for sale by the producer-farmers themselves. Transactions in these markets usually take place between farmers and primary traders.
c) Secondary wholesale market: These markets are located generally at district headquarters or important trade centres or railway junctions. The major transactions in commodities in these markets take place between primary/village traders and wholesalers. The bulk of arrival in these markets is from other markets. The produce in these markets in handled in large quantities. Therefore, there are specialized marketing agencies (commission agents, brokers, etc) performing different marketing functions
d) Terminal markets: A terminal market is one where the produce is either finally disposed of to the consumers or processors or assembled for export. In these markets,
merchants are well organized and use modern methods of marketing. Commodity exchange exists in these markets which provides facilities of forward trading in specific commodities. Such markets are present either in metropolitan cities or at seaports.
Cont…
e) Modern terminal market: The Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India has taken initiative to promote modern terminal markets
for fruits, vegetables and other perishable commodities in important urban centres of the country. These terminal markets are envisaged to operate on a ‘hub and spoke’
format where the terminal market (the hub) is linked to a number of collection centres (the spokes) to allow easy access to farmers for marketing of their produce. These
markets are to be build, owned and operated by either a corporate, private or cooperative entity. Government of India has launched a scheme under which subsidy is
available upto 25% for capital investment in agricultural marketing infrastructure for terminal markets with a ceiling limit of Rs 50 lakhs for private agencies.
f) Seaboard markets: Markets which are located near
Market & Market Structure
“Market is an area or atmosphere of potential exchange”
~Philip Kotler
“Market is not a geographical meeting place but as any getting together of buyers and sellers, in person, by mail, telephone, telegraph and Internet or any other means of communication”
~ Prof. Mitchel
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Role of Poultry in alleviating the poverty and malnutrition in IndiaBalaraj BL
The backyard poultry birds like nondescript chicken, indigenous chicken and improved birds providing high quality protein diet in the form of Egg and Poultry meat. Backyard poultry industry also helping to supplement the family income and demands zero input. The large scale commercial poultry farms (both layer and broiler) farms helping meet the meat and egg demand of the urban population.
More than 70% rural population keeping one or other type of livestock species to supplement the family income and support the livelihood. Indian livestock are robust and able to withstand harsh tropical climate with minimal or no external input. Milk, Meat, Egg, Manure, Draught Power etc are the major output derived from livestock sector which are helping to achieve the nutritional security, improving the soil health, supplementing the household income, export earning, generating the employment opportunities round the year.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
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The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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(2) Artificial Ecosystem
component of ecosystem
Biotic Components
Abiotic Components
Producers
Consumers
Decomposers
Functions of Ecosystem
Types of Biodiversity
Genetic Biodiversity
Species Biodiversity
Ecological Biodiversity
Importance of Biodiversity
Hydrological Cycle
Green House Effect
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We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
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50 ĐỀ LUYỆN THI IOE LỚP 9 - NĂM HỌC 2022-2023 (CÓ LINK HÌNH, FILE AUDIO VÀ ĐÁ...
Market and Classification of Market
1.
2. The word ‘Market’ is derived from the Latin word
‘Marcatus’
Meaning merchandise, wares, traffic, trade or a place
where business is conducted.
The common uses of market means a place where goods
are brought and sold.
3. Market includes both place and region in which
buyers and sellers are in free competition with one
another – Pyle.
‘The term market refers not to a place, but to a
commodity or commodities and buyers and sellers who
are in direct competition with one another’ – Chapman.
4. Market: Market is a place where goods and services
are exchanged. Markets consist of buyers and sellers
with facilities to communicate each other for
transactions of goods and services.
Marketing: Marketing is the economic process by
which goods and services are exchanged between the
producers and the consumers and their value
determined in terms of money price.
5. Market may mean a place, where buying and selling take
place.
Buyers and sellers are come together for transactions.
An organization through which exchange of goods take
place.
The act of buying and selling of goods (to satisfy human
wants)
An area of operation of commercial demand for
commodities.
6. For exchange of goods and services.
For adjustment of demand and supply by price
mechanism.
For improvement of the quality of life of the society.
For the introduction of new modes of life.
For higher production.
7. Markets have been classified based on different
approaches, in various ways.
There are 10 different types of marketing systems
8. Number of Commodity
Area/coverage
Location
Time span
Volume of business
Nature of transactions
Degree of competition
Government interventions/Regulations
Nature of commodities
Visibility/vision
10. 1) General market:
All type of commodities are sold.
Commodities range from food grains to textile
2) Specialized market:
It deals with a specific commodity
The markets are named after such commodities.
E.g: Markets transacting goods like vegetable, wool, jute
etc.,
Vegetable market
Wool market
Jute market
11. Local market
Regional market
National market
International (world) market
12. Local: (village/primary market)
The area covered by the market is limited to some group of
villages which are nearby or close to each other.
Perishable commodities like vegetable, fruits, fish, milk are
being transacted
E.g: Shandies and fairs
Local markets are held occasionally or on special days
Cattle market, Sheep market
13. Regional market:
Area of operation of the market is relatively larger
than that of local market.
This market covers 4-5 districts.
E.g: Food grain markets/Fruits market at state level
These markets are regular in conducting business
transactions in notified commodities
14. National market:
Area of operation of the market covers the entire
country.
The national markets are found for the
commodities which are having demand over entire
country.
E.g: Textile market
Jute market
Tea market
15. International market:
The commodities are sold in all the nations of the
world.
The market area of operation is extended over the
entire globe.
The involvement of buyers and sellers beyond the
boundaries of a nation.
E.g: Cashew, Coffee, Tea, Spices, Gold, Silver,
Diamond, Machinery
17. 1. Village market:
The area of operation is confined to small village or
group of villages
Major transaction of goods and services take place
among the buyer and sellers of these village
It may be regular or occasional in nature.
2. Primary wholesale market:
These are located in big towns or taluks or mandal
headquarters.
All types of agricultural commodities from the
village markets are pooled here.
Transaction b/w PRODUCER and TRADERS
18. 3. Secondary wholesale market:
These are located in districts headquarters dealing
with major agricultural commodities like rice, pulses,
oil seeds, chillies. etc.,
Wholesalers and village traders are the main
participants
Bulk of the arrivals come from primary wholesale
markets or village markets
Transaction of commodities occurs in large scale
Commission agents, brokers, hamalies and
weighmen facilitate the process
19. 4) Terminal market:
Located in big cities/State capital/Seaports
Well organized markets and controlled by the
Government to see that all modern methods of marketing
operations take place
Processing and storage activities are predominant in these
markets
Consumers, Wholesalers and Marketing agents are seen
in these markets with rigorous transaction activities
These markets are generally situated in Big cities like
Bengaluru, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata
20. 5) Seaboard market:
Mainly for export and import of commodities
Scientifically standardized and graded commodities are
transacted
Located at Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata,
Visakapatnam
21. I. Short period market
II. Long period market
III. Secular market
22. Held for brief period in a day
Supply of commodity is fixed
Price variation is based on demand for the commodity
in a day
Supply is zero elastic
E.g: Fish market
Vegetable market
Flower market
23. Durable commodities which can be stored for
sometime are transacted in these markets
Price for the products are governed by supply and
demand
E.g: Food grain market
Oilseeds market
24. These are permanent market
Manufactured goods and Machinery goods are transacted
in these markets
Godown and processing facilities are highly developed
Well organized
Deal with Export and Import transactions
26. I. Wholesale Market:
When large quantities are brought and sold in the market
among the traders
Producers and Traders are seen
II. Retail Market:
Retailers sell commodities to the consumers in very
small quantities as per their requirements
Producers, Retailers and Consumers are seen in these
markets
28. I. Cash Market: (Spot market)
If there are cash transactions in buying and selling of
the goods
II. Forward Market:
These are the markets in which future sales and
purchase of commodities take place at the current
time.
This process also called as Hedging
30. A market is said to be perfectly competitive market
when there are many sellers (& buyers) transacting a
homogenous product.
There are many sellers
Homogenous products are sold
Sellers do not have control over the price of the
commodity
Farm commodities
31. Large number of buyers and sellers
Homogenous products
Free entry and exit of firm
Prices should be uniform through out the market.
No government regulations
Buyers and sellers have a perfect knowledge of market.
Goods can be moved from one place to another place without
any restriction.
32. A market is said to be imperfect when:
1 Products are similar but not identical.
2.Prices are not uniform through out the market.
3. There is lack of communication
4. There is restriction on movement of goods from one place to
another place.
33. Monopolistic: Many sellers
Pure oligopoly: Few sellers
Differentiated oligopoly: Few sellers
Monopoly: One seller
Monopsony: One buyer but many sellers
Oligopsony: only few buyers
Bilateral monopoly: single seller faces single buyers
35. The statutory market committees govern regulated
markets and the Government from time to time makes
marketing acts.
Marketing costs, Margins and Fees are standardized.
Price prevailing in different markets are displayed through
various mass media
36. Business is conducted without any supervision
Absence of rules and regulations
Middleman exploit the producers and consumers to the
maximum extent.
Producers are put to loss as middleman exploit them in
weighment, measurement and payments etc
37. I. Commodity market:
It deals with buying and selling of commodity
E.g: Cattle market, cotton market, silk market, bullion
market
II. Capital market:
In which shares, securities and bonds etc are being
purchased and sold.
E.g: Share market, Money market
39. In these markets, goods are not placed in shops but are
kept in the godowns.
The goods can not be seen at the time of purchase, on
demand the goods are delivered to the buyers on cash
transaction.
Any goods which is in short of supply and anything
which is having high effective demand will be sold in
black market.
Wars, Droughts, Floods
40. These are visible markets and transactions take place
between buyers and sellers.
Price is determined by demand and supply