Should No State Shall Enter Into Any Treaty, Alliance, Or...

Should No State Shall Enter Into Any Treaty, Alliance, Or...
Section. 10.
No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or Confederation; grant Letters of Marque and
Reprisal; coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in
Payment of Debts; pass any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, or Law impairing the Obligation of
Contracts, or grant any Title of Nobility.
No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any Imposts or Duties on Imports or
Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing it 's inspection Laws: and the net
Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by any State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of
the Treasury of the United States; and all such Laws shall be subject to the Revision and Controul of
the Congress.
No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, lay any Duty of Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of
War in time of Peace, enter into any Agreement or Compact with another State, or with a foreign
Power, or engage in War, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent Danger as will not admit of
delay.
Article. II.
Section. 1.
The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold
his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same
Term, be elected, as follows
Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of
Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may
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The State Of The Texas Constitution
There has been seven Texas Constitutions since 1827 including our current Constitution, which was
established on 1876. Our current constitution has been amended hundreds of times because of its
tight restrictions. The Legislative department is the dominant branch of the Texas Constitution it is
subject to check and balances in the tripartite system. The Executive department limits the
government's power, and the judicial powers is divided into smaller courts. These three branches of
the Texas are examples of how restricted and limited our constitution is.
The legislative branch is considered the most powerful branch of the rest because of the amount of
power and control it has on the government, it consists of the Texas State Senate and the House of
Representatives. Even though this branch is considered the post dominant it has restrictions. These
are 5 restrictions and limits that this branch has. 1) The Texas Legislative Branch does not meet
every year, it meets every 2 years and only for 140 days. However, the governor of Texas has the
authority to call other meeting in between their regular scheduled time. 2) Article III section 58 of
the Texas Constitution says "the Legislature shall hold its sessions at the city of Austin, which is
hereby declared to be the Seat of Government." 3) Article III section 57 of the Texas constitution
says that "no local or special law shall be passed, unless notice of the intention to apply therefor
shall have been published in the

Essay On Bicameral Congress
A bicameral legislature is the two houses that the government has. It's historical is when the british
bicameral at first but we changed it up a little bit, it's practical is when the framers created a two
chambered body to settle the conflict between New Jersey and Virginia in Pennsylvania in 1787, and
it;s theoretical reason is that the framers liked a bicameral congress in order that one house might act
as a survey to the other. There are 435 members in the house of representatives there terms are
exactly 2 years, you must be 35 years of age, and a United States citizen for at least seven years and
an inhabitant of the state he or she represents. There are 100 members in the senate, the terms are
exactly 6 years for senate the qualifications to become a senator are that that must be at least thirty
years of age, have been a citizen of the United States for nine years, and, when elected, be a resident
of the State from which he or she .
Part 2
Section 8. Clause . The Congress have the to lay and collect taxes from the public to pay ... Show
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Tax and expenditure limits (TELs) restrict the growth of government revenues or spending by either
capping them at fixed dollar amount or limiting their growth rate to match increases in population,
inflation, personal income, or some combination of those factors. A time the power to tax was used
was when the Supreme Court ruled in McCulloch v. Maryland, back in 1819, that the Constitution
exempts the Federal Government from state taxation. Setting forth his renowned dictum that "the
power to tax involves the power to destroy," Chief Justice John Marshall declared that the states
(and, by inference, local governments) "have no power, by taxation or otherwise, to retard, impede,
burden or in any manner control the operations of the constitutional laws enacted by

The Constitution Essay
THE CONSTITUTION
We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure
domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the
Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the
United States of America.
IDEALS: Justice, tranquility , liberty, and posterity
Notes : Gen. statement about what the con. will entail Setting stage for American identity What the
country cares abt "We the people" demonstrates the idea of a nation united
Unknown word: Posterity– all future generations of people
Article. I: Legislative branch
Section. 1. Two house legislature
All legislative Powers ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The actual Enumeration shall be made within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of
the United States, and within every subsequent Term of ten Years, in such Manner as they shall by
Law direct. The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each
State shall have at Least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of
New Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode–Island and Providence
Plantations one, Connecticut five, New–York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware
one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia three.
NOTES: State reps. Based on pop More people= more say in gov Indians– no vote– no taxes Small
states= less rep. In gov
Massachusetts: 8
Rhode Island and Providence Plantations: 1
Connecticut: 5
New York: 6
New Jersey: 4
Pennsylvania: 8 Delaware: 1
Maryland: 6
Virginia: 10
North Carolina: 5 South Carolina: 5
Georgia: 3
As pop increased so did electoral #'s
UNKNOWN WORDS: Enumeration–mentioning a number of things one by one Subsequent–
following/ coming after
AMENDMENT!! Amendment 13 When vacancies happen in the Representation from any State,

What Are The Articles Of Confederation Related To The...
It is incredible how just one document can change the future of a country and its people. On the year
of 1787 fifty–five delegates attended the constitutional convention to see how they can potentially
amend the Articles of Confederation. Although it was their initial idea to amend the articles, instead
they ended up creating the Constitution of the United States, which states and grants the rights of the
people and the rights that the government has. This is potentially the most essential document that
the United States has, because it protects the government from having an extreme amount of power,
to the point where they can harm, us, the people. Although the constitution separates powers in the
government, doesn't mean that the country and the states individually have their own sets of laws
and power. The government has to distinct compound powers, one is powers given to the states, and
the other is power given central government. Consequently, some powers given to the state are
setting up local governments, holding elections and establishing schools, some powers that the ...
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Another subject mentioned under Article 1, section 3, the senate, on the constitution mentions how
each state should have two senators chosen by legislatures up to six years, and each of them should
have a vote. The reason why there are two senators for each state is because if one senator's laws or
ideas seem unfair or not equal for the people, the other senate can take power. Under Article 1,
section 2, House of Representatives, it states how each state shall not exceed one for every thirty
thousand, it is better to have more representatives in each state that way they're watching over each
other and making sure to accept potential future laws for that individual

The Federalist Papers, By Alexander Hamilton, James...
The Federalist Papers were a series of eighty–five articles in 1787–88 written mostly in part to
persuade the colonies to ratify the United States Constitution. The papers were written anonymously
by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay under the pseudonym "Publius" and
addressed major concerns that the colonists expressed about the Constitution. One of their major
concerns was the proposed bicameral legislature's ability to cooperate. The Constitution established
a two–part Congress, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate. Colonists worried
that the two parts of Congress would threaten their equal representation. James Madison answered
these fears in the first of two essays explaining the intricacies of the Senate in Federalist Paper 62.
Within this paper he listed four out of five key points of the Senate and explained in detail how
useful this part of Congress would be, hoping to turn the doubting minds of the colonists around in
agreement to this part of the Constitution. The first point he explains are the qualifications of the
senators. Senators require "a more advanced age and a longer period of citizenship" than the
representatives in the House. Senators must be of at least thirty years of age and have been a United
States citizen for nine years, whereas House representatives must be only twenty–five and have been
a citizen for seven years. This is so that the senators are well–versed in the manner of the
government and its policies,

The Constitutional Convention Of Philadelphia Signed The...
Delegates to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia signed the United States Constitution on
September 17, 1787. Designed to replace the weak Articles of Confederation previously in place, the
Constitution delineates and outlines the powers of the different branches of government. The
Constitution also includes the Bill of Rights that states the rights of the citizens. As of this year, the
Constitution is two hundred and twenty–nine years old. The Constitution continues to have an
impact on modern society as it outlines government structure, the powers given to each branch, and
the rights of the citizens it governs.
"Constitutionalism refers to the limits to the power of a government over its citizens" (Johnson).
This implies that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When the Constitution was only an idea and not yet fully formed, "the Federalists supported a
strong, central government represented by the Constitution and the Anti–Federalists who were
against a strong national government" (Johnson). Even today, two main political parties in the
United States continually create controversy over expansion and reduction of the powers of national
government. Today, the United States has the largest military in the world. Although the military
falls under national government jurisdiction, many argue against such a large and unnecessary drain
of resources. Others claim that a large army acts as a deterrent to invaders and other threats to the
United States of America, "Those for a large army maintain that cutting the size of the United States
military comes with huge risks" (Shanker). Not only is the United States troops involved in " a
substantial conflict every twenty years, smaller conflicts pop up every five years" (Shanker). Voices
on the other side of the argument point out the deficit and how the gap between the military
spending in the United States and the military spending in other countries. A smaller military "takes
into account the fiscal reality of government austerity and the political reality of a president who
pledged to end two costly and exhausting land wars" (V, Brook, and Locker). Other powers granted
to the government by the

The Nigerian And The American Legal Systems
INTRODUCTION
The Nigerian and the American legal systems share a lot of common ground. Having been colonized
by Britain, both countries share a lot of characteristics with the English legal system. Both are
common law legal systems based on English common law both at federal and state levels apart from
the state of Louisiana in the United States that is based on the Napoleonic civil code. Both countries
are constitution–based federal republics and have bicameral legislatures consisting of the Senate and
House of Representatives in the United States (Congress) and House of Assembly and House of
Representatives in Nigeria (National Assembly). Despite the fact that Nigeria and America have
similar legal systems, there are still some apparent variations in terms of practice and procedure – a
key component of effective dispensation of justice. Essentially, what obstructs quick dispensation of
justice and case management is not the law; rather, it is the practice and procedure.
JURISDICTION OF COURTS
In the English case of Bremer Vulkan Schiffbau und Maschinenfabrik v. South India Shipping
Corporation Ltd, Lord Diplock defined the court 's inherent jurisdiction as a general power to
control its own procedure so as to prevent its being used to achieve injustice. Lord Denning finely
affirmed, "Whenever a tribunal goes wrong in law, it goes outside the jurisdiction conferred on it
and its decision is void. " Jurisdiction is fundamental in every proceeding in a court. If a court

Impeachments To Become President Essay
"The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America." This one
sentence took our founding fathers eleven days to write. It states that all the power will be bestowed
upon the President of the United States.
Article two of the constitution is devoted to the presidency, his roles, and terms of impeachment if
necessary. Article two, Section one is all about the requirements of becoming president. In the U.S.
we follow the rule of jus soli, meaning a person must be a natural born citizen of the United States,
and he must be at least thirty–five years old, and be a resident of the U.S. for at least fourteen years.
Also, section one states that one presidency term is four years long. Stating all the requirements is
important to set prerequisites to become president. The president should be very knowledgeable and
wise not an eighteen–year–old with a high school diploma. Succeeding Section one, Section two is
about the congressional roles of the president. The president has "civilian power over military,
cabinet, pardon power, and appointments." This means that the president is Commander in Chief of
the Army and Navy of the U.S., he is the Chief Executive, he is the Chief Administrator, and he can
appoint members of the cabinet and supreme court, then Senate has to approve it. Section two acts
similar to a job title; ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Barber. He said there were four types of presidents: active positive, active negative, passive positive,
and passive negative. An active positive president is active by being confident and has the desire to
accomplish thing, and is positive by reaching a broad audience. Next, an active negative president is
confident yet seeking to help a narrow group of people. Then, a passive positive president follows
their duties listed in the constitution and reaches a big group of people. Finally, a passive negative
president follows the constitution closely and has a narrow

Analysis Of The Article ' We The People '
Dr. Nieva
International Business
4 December 2014
The statement " We the People" defines whom the United States of America was and is till this day.
The constitution is considered one of the most powerful and dynamic documents of all time. Ten
years after gaining independence from Great Britain, the delegates of America decided that the
Articles of Confederation, the governing document in place, must be amended or replaced if the
country were to prosper. Under the Articles of Confederation, America failed to become one nation,
as the country faced financial issues, stemming from a weak centralized government. The weak
centralized government was unable to enforce laws, and collect taxes from the states as congress
simply had very little power. In order to correct these problems fifty–five delegates from twelve
states, Rhode Island being the only state without a representative, meet in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania to address this problem. The delegates decided it was better to create a new document
then try to ratify the old, hence the birth of the United States Constitution. At the time of the
constitution the statement " We the People" applied to a completely different notion of people then it
does in the present day. Originally "we the people" only applied to white, landholding males, who
had a significant amount of power in society. Over time more and more ethnic groups and classes of
people have fallen under "We the People", strengthening the Constitution of the

American Government Artifacts
My artifact is exam one which shows competency in many areas of American government. The
Constitution is a document that shares the rules and basic procedures of the land, as indicated by the
answer to question four. This document was created because the first form of a constitution (The
Articles of Confederation) failed. The goal was to have enough power to rule on a national level, but
not so much power that it removed fundamental rights. One way this was accomplished was by
dividing the power into three branches. The three branches of government are the legislative branch,
the executive branch, and the judicial branch. If you reference question number eight of the artifact,
you can see which article (section) of the Constitution refers

The Case Of Arizona Vs. United States
Brief for Respondent: In the case, Arizona versus United States, I am representing the respondent,
United States, where we are seeking to stop the enforcement of S.B. 1070 in the federal district court
before the law can be taken into effect. S.B. 1070, also known as Support Our Law Enforcement and
Safe Neighborhoods Act, was passed in the state of Arizona in 2010 as an effort to address the large
numbers of unlawful immigrants entering the state. The United States seeks to declare S.B. 1070 as
preempted by the federal immigration law, where the four provisions of S.B. 1070, Section 3,
Section 5, Section 6 and Section 2(B) violated the Supremacy Clause of the United States
Constitution.
Relevant Constitutional Provision: In our defense, we will be utilizing Article 1, Section 8, clause 4
of the United States Constitution which establishes a uniform rule of Naturalization. It states that
only Congress has the exclusive authority control over immigration and establishing new regulations
that would allow individuals to become naturalized citizens of the United States of America and not
the states. Section 9, clause 2 will also come into play in relation to Section 6 of S.B. 1070, in which
the privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus cannot not be suspended. It solidifies the notion that an
individual cannot be incarcerated without facing legitimate charges–indefinite imprisonment is not
allowed without legal due process.
The Equal Protection Clause, which is part of the

Tyranny Dbq Essay
"The essence of government is power; and power, lodged as it must be in human hands, will ever be
liable to abuse" spoken by James Madison, this quote states that the government is power, but this
power is always exposed to abuse. In May of 1787, fifty–five delegates met in Philadelphia to gather
at a Constitutional Convention to find a solution to fix the existing Constitution; the Articles of
Confederation. Under the Articles, there was a weak central government that didn't have the ability
to hold together a nation, and was prone to tyranny. Tyranny is the absolute power in the hands of
one individual or small group. The delegates decided to create a new Constitution that guarded
against tyranny by implementing the following; the federal ... Show more content on
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The number of representatives for each state is based off of population. For every thirty thousand
people living in each state, there shall be one representative, and to keep up with population growth,
a census is taken every three years, as stated in Document D. Every state gets two senators, which
are chosen by the legislatures, and each senator gets one vote, which is described in Document D.
Having this system allows for a fair way to give each state a set amount of representatives without
having one state more powerful than

The Creation Of The Us Constitution
The creation of the US constitution was prompted my many different things going on. What
established America's national government and fundamental laws is the U.S constitution. It also
guarantees basic rights for its citizens. The U.S constitution was signed on September 17, 1787 in
Philadelphia, Pa. The first document before the U.S constitution was the Articles of Confederation,
with that the government wasn't very strong and the states didn't act like they do today. In 1787, at
the 1787 convention, delegates made a decision to make a stronger federal government that
consisted of the executive, legislative, and the judicial branches. That wasn't it either, it also had a
system of checks and balances because they did not want one branch to be able to overpower
another branch. The ten amendments of the Bill of Rights guarantees protections for people like
religion and freedom of speech. In total, there are twenty–seven constitutional amendments. As said
by John Adams; the Constitutional Convention as "the greatest single effort of national deliberation
that the world has ever see." Most of the delegates at the convention had already been risking their
lives by being threatened to being hung as traitors by the British. They were very worried that their
states reactions to their decision to abandon the Articles of Confederation and create a new one
wouldn't be very accepting. Making the states realize that they should accept the constitution was as
hard as they thought. It

Three Branches Of Government
The United States government is separated into three different branches: legislative, executive, and
judicial. The basic duty of the legislative branch is the fact that the members of this branch create
the laws. The legislative branch consists of two houses of Congress through a system called
bicameralism. This system is comprised of two chambers called the Senate and the House of
Representatives. Both of the houses contribute to creating and deciding what will become laws. The
upper house of Congress is called the Senate. Each state is represented by two senators. There are
three formal qualifications that are stated in Article I, Section 3 of the Constitution to be a senator: at
least thirty years old, U.S. citizenship for nine years or more, and being a resident of the state that
they represent. The Senate is made up of one hundred members. One–third of the Senate's seats are
re–elected every two years. Senators can serve an unlimited amount of six year terms. The presiding
officer of the Senate is the Vice President. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are four hundred thirty–five members in the House of Representatives, and that number is set
by the Permanent Apportionment Act of 1929. Each house of representative represents about
650,000 people, so the amount of representatives of each state is based upon the population. The
qualifications to become a house representative are stated in Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution
and it includes: a person of at least twenty–five years of age, have been a U.S. resident for seven
years, and live in the state in which they will represent. The majority party leader presides over the
house as the Speaker of the

America Vote Act ( Hava )
I was surprised to discover that voter identification began in 1950 when South Carolina became the
first state to request some form of identification from voters at the polling precincts. Then Hawaii
followed in 1970, Texas in 1971, Florida in 1977, and Alaska in 1980. Some of them asked for an ID
with a photo, while others asked for any type of document with or without a photo; all provided
other means for people to vote if they couldn 't present identification. By 2000, fourteen states were
asking for voter identification documents ("Voter ID"). That year, we had a highly disputed
presidential election. Following its outcome, the United States Congress passed the Help America
Vote Act (HAVA) in 2002, which ushered in comprehensive election reform. Under the law, states
are required to follow mandatory minimum standards that included implementing new programs and
procedures such as provisional voting; voting information and voter education; upgraded, tested and
certified voting technology; statewide voter registration list; voter identification procedures; and an
improved election administration system ("Help America Vote Act"). The Commission on Federal
Election Reform advocated similar propositions in their 2005 report (69–70). Consequently, voter
ID laws were enacted around the country. The laws require eligible voters to produce government–
issued identification before casting a countable ballot at the polls. Voter identification, categorized
between strict and

Causes Of Tyranny
Henry VIII, Joseph Stalin, Ivan IV, Adolf Hitler, Kim Jong II, and more are all tyrants who inflicted
tyranny on their people. Throughout history many tyrants have oppressed their citizens with unfair
and harsh treatment and have gotten away with it. Tyranny is known as a cruel, unreasonable, or
arbitrary use of power or control inflicted by an oppressive government or ruler. Even though this
sadistic behavior continues today, it doesn't in the United States of America. In 1775 to 1783, the
American Revolutionary War, also known as the U.S. War of Independence, took place. This was a
conflict that arose form growing tensions between residents of Great Britain's 13 North American
colonies and the tyrannical British Crown. In response to the callous treatment, a group of colonial
delegates (including George Washington of Virginia, John and Samuel Adams or Massachusetts,
Patrick Henry of Virginia, and john jay of New York) met in Philadelphia in September 1774 to give
voice to their grievances against the British Crown, which is formally known as the First
Continental Congress. By June 1776, with the Revolutionary War in full swing, a growing majority
of the colonists had come to favor independence from Britain resulting in the continental Congress
drafting the Declaration of Independence on July 4. The thirteen colonies officially declared their
independence from the tyrant ruler known as King George III of Britain. Eleven years later, in the
summer of 1787, fifty–five

Does Congress Have Too Much Power Over Commerce? Essay
Does Congress Have Too Much Power Over Commerce?
Works Cited Missing
Narrow construction is not found in the Constitution, but the powers granted to Congress to regulate
commerce are found. Exactly stated, "Congress shall have power to regulate commerce with foreign
nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian tribes." This clause has no definite
interpretation, but has included many aspects of regulating. The word "commerce" is defined as the
exchange or buying and selling of commodities on a large scale involving transportation from place
to place (Webster 264). Congress has exercised this delegated power in many cases. The nature and
basic guidelines of Congress' power over commerce is first laid out in the case of ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
A controversy arose between Ogden, who had obtained the license from Fulton and Livingston, and
Gibbons, who had obtained his license through the United States government. Ogden petitioned the
New York Court to "enjoin" Gibbons, his formal partner, from continuing with this business in that
state. The Court favored Ogden and granted the injunction and Gibbons appealed to the Supreme
Court. The Supreme Court upheld the right for Congress to have vast powers. According to the
Supreme Court, Congress can regulate who can enter into a monopoly and this case made a
distinction between interstate and intrastate within a state. Although the federal government has not
been specifically delegated the power to regulate commerce within a certain state that does not mean
that the federal government cannot regulate a states commerce. When the Commerce Clause has a
broad interpretation, intrastate regulations are often included. Commerce is more than just buying or
selling; it is intercoursing, which according to this case does include such stipulations as navigation.
Interpreting commerce in a broad sense has thus established what is known as a Federal police
power. Police powers refer to or identify the inherent authority of the state government to regulate
individually liberty, freedom for health and welfare and safety. The Federal government does not
have police power, but it can be seen as evidence in this case how the Federal

Tyranny Dbq
How the Constitution Prevents Tyranny Tyranny, a threat against America, is prevented through the
concepts of the United States Constitution. The Constitution was written in Philadelphia, the year
1787. Before that there was the Articles of Confederation, the first document used for the United
States government that gave too much power to the states; allowing tyranny to occur. It was also
very weak due to having no chief executive and no court system. James Madison had the job of
framing the Constitution in order to get rid of tyranny in the government. Framing, in this situation;
is the job of creating the new constitution. Tyranny, explained by James Madison; "is the
accumulation of all powers... in the same hands, whether of one, a few, or many." It comes in
different forms, such as tyranny by a few. Tyranny by a few is when several generals or religious
leaders seize control. Tyranny through Federalism, separation of powers, check and balances, and
large states versus small states. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From James Madison, Federalist Paper #51, It states that Federalism is the "division of power
between central and state governments is known as Federalism." In document A there is a venn–
diagram that shows the powers that are only given to the states, like being able to establish schools.
It also shows the powers that are unique to the central government, like the powers to print and coin
money, plus being able to provide an army and navy. Lastly, they have shared powers like the power
to tax. Federalism prevents tyranny by splitting central and state government's power keeping one or
the other from getting more

Return to Federalism Research Paper
Annie Reynolds
Return to Federalism
Push Back Against the Expansion of Federal Government Power
"In questions of power then, let no more be heard of confidence in man, but bind him down from
mischief by the chains of the Constitution." – Thomas Jefferson
Summary
Over the past several decades, we as a people have allowed the fundamental principles written in
our Constitution to be forgotten, distorted, or completely ignored. This did not happen overnight but
rather bit–by–bit over time until we are faced with a system of government that is not, as the
founders intended, based on Federalism and individual freedom, but rather a National system far
removed from the principles for which ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During the ratification debates for the Constitution it become apparent to many that the principle of
federalism was not spelled out strongly enough. Five states insisted on an amendment to the
Constitution that would make the principle of federalism clear to future generations. The purpose of
the Tenth Amendment is to clearly define the principle of federalism for future generations. The
Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution states, "The powers not delegated to the United
States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively,
or to the people".
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act – Obama Care
At present, more than half of the United States is suing the federal government over Obama Care.
Virginia was the first state to argue in Federal Court that the new health care law and its individual
mandate is unconstitutional. It is Virginia's position that mandating the purchase of a private product
goes beyond the power of congress. There has never, in the history of the United States, been a law
requiring citizens to purchase a product. Apparently, up until this point, everyone knew that
Congress did not have the power to impose one. Central to the argument of the federal government,
is the Commerce Clause of the

Handguns Should Not Be Banned Handguns
Gun violence, especially that as caused by handguns, is a major problem in America. It affects
millions of people annually, and the effects it has are irreversible. However, this reality does not
constitute for a complete ban on the private ownership of handguns. A ban on the private ownership
of handguns should not be enacted on the grounds that the United States government ought to
preserve democratic legitimacy and constitutionalism, and a ban is not feasible or just in America's
political climate. Every day, 282 people are shot in the United States but this is not merely the result
of the array of firearms available in this country. Instead, a minority of the guns that Americans own
are responsible for much of this violence. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Wintemute and Teret, professors at Johns Hopkins University attribute this to the shame associated
with mental health in America. Data from the Federal Bureau of Investigation reveals that from
1990 to 1997, 90,000 of the 147,000 suicides committed were committed with a firearm―a tribute
to the handgun's operational simplicity and effectivity. Overall, handguns are responsible for seventy
percent of firearm suicides. Douglas Wiebe of the University of California–Los Angeles School of
Public Health conducted a nationally representative study which revealed that ninety–four percent of
gun–related suicides would not have occurred had a gun not been present.
A motley of international examples provide proof of concept for a national handgun ban. For
example, the Australian prime minister announced in 1996 that Australia would be enacting a
national handgun ban, and guns would be collected through a gun buyback program. This resulted in
the confiscation of 650,000 guns, a forty–two percent drop in the homicide rate, and a fifty–seven
percent drop in the firearm suicide rate. In addition, no mass shootings have occurred since the ban,
a sharp contrast to the thirteen shootings that took place in the thirteen years before. The homicide
rate also fell to less than one per one hundred thousand, while the United States' hovers at five per
one hundred thousand. Professor Donahue of Stanford University attributes this to "more than
merely the

Essay on Does Congress Have Too Much Power over Commerce?
Narrow construction is not found in the Constitution, but the powers granted to Congress to regulate
commerce are found. Exactly stated, "Congress shall have power to regulate commerce with foreign
nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian tribes." This clause has no definite
interpretation, but has included many aspects of regulating. The word "commerce" is defined as the
exchange or buying and selling of commodities on a large scale involving transportation from place
to place (Webster 264). Congress has exercised this delegated power in many cases. The nature and
basic guidelines of Congress' power over commerce is first laid out in the case of Gibbons v. Ogden.
In addition, the case United States v. Lopez is a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This article, "The Necessary and Proper Clause" also known as "The Elastic Clause," gives
Congress the power to broaden its powers and keep Federal balance. Supreme Court Justice
Marshall presents an argument that supports Congress' regulation over all commerce. He clearly
says, "It is the power to regulate; that is, to prescribe the rule by which commerce is to be governed.
This power, like all others vested in Congress, is complete in itself, may be exercised to its utmost
extent, and acknowledges no limitations other than are prescribed in the Constitution." Where the
Constitution states, "Congress shall have power to regulate commerce with foreign nations, among
the several States, and with the Indian tribes," the word "among" means intermixed with. Commerce
may concern more than one state, therefore Congress needs to act "within the territorial jurisdiction
of the several states" The Supreme Court held that the power of Congress includes navigation within
its limits in every State. Any state activity that attempts to regulate interstate commerce is
completely unconstitutional because in dealing with interstate commerce, it can be inferred from the
Constitution that the Federal government must regulate interstate commerce. The Constitution did
not provide states with the power to regulate commerce between states so it is imperative that the
federal government intercedes. Although the only

Safeguarding Personal Privacy
America today rivals George Orwell's 1984 society through the National Security Agency's global
surveillance programs such as Prism, XKeyscore, and Dishfire. Surveillance programs, led by the
NSA, are all used to clandestinely collect electronic data from all internet and phone users
throughout the world. These programs came about after the Patriot Act of 2001. This act was put in
place to help protect the American people from terrorist groups after the atrocities seen on 9/11.
Originally drafted to protect the people, the Patriot Act was soon taken advantage of by the NSA.
These programs should be heavily restricted because they disregard personal privacy, do not
properly protect the information they are taking, and, lastly, are unconstitutional. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
In theory, the government can detect warning signs from certain individuals before it is too late and
the damage is done. However, what are the American people trading for this security? Is this loss of
privacy and freedom worth it? To quote one of the greatest American founding fathers, Benjamin
Franklin, "Those who would give up essential Liberty, to purchase a little temporary Safety, deserve
neither Liberty nor Safety." In Conclusion, clandestine surveillance programs run by the United
States government are Orwellian in nature and are becoming out of hand The NSA's Prism,
XKeyscore, and Dishfire programs should be extremely regulated because they overstep the
boundaries or personal privacy, do not adequately protect the data they obtain, and impede on the
basic rights given to Americans in the

The Adaptive Nature Of Canada
The Adaptive Nature of Canada?s First People
The Canadian people have always prided themselves as champions of democracy and are
universally respected for their record on human rights. Although holistically this could be argued,
especially when compared to the United States and other Western states, the record concerning
Aboriginals, both past and present, has yet to live up to their self–set standard. Defined simply as
anyone who traces his/her ancestry back to pre–European colonization, there exist mass diversity
within its community. Although various political actors dispute the actual number of Aboriginals,
Statistics Canada reported in 2006 that 1,678,200 people indicated they were ethnically Aboriginal
or roughly 5.4 percent of the population (Statistics Canada: Population Counts). It has been the goal
of the Natives to regain sovereignty since it was stripped from them in the sixteenth century. Pushed
to the margins in all aspects of life from negligible political relevance in Ottawa to the isolation they
continue to experience on the remote reserves, the Aboriginal people have had their humanity
sapped continuously out of them, yet have never given up hope. The minute advances in the last
several decades? stand in stark contrast to repression experienced for centuries. Weathering an
intensely exploitive government, Aboriginals have endured unimaginable repression. It was not until
the passage of the Constitution Act, specifically the Charter of Rights and

The Three Branches
The plan to divide the government into three branches was proposed by James Madison, at the
Constitutional Convention of 1787. He modeled the division from who he referred to as 'the Perfect
Governor,' as he read Isaiah 33:22; "For the Lord is our judge, the Lord is our lawgiver, the Lord is
our king; He will save us." http://www.eadshome.com/QuotesoftheFounders.htm The founding
fathers of the American Constitution divided the government up into the following three branches to
prevent the majority from ruling with an iron fist; legislative, judicial, and executive. The three
braches were created by the Constitution: Article 1, Legislative branch made up of the House and
the Senate, collectively known as Congress; Article 2, Executive ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Constitution, and "appoints federal judges by advice and consent of the Senate" (SITE, p.). The
judicial branch is comprised of the Federal, District, and Appeals Courts, which judge cases
concerning federal law, but the Supreme Court decides if the law agrees with the U.S. Constitution.
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080521155230AAz04SP Each of the three
branches is controlled by the other two in several ways. The president can veto a law which was
passed by Congress, yet Congress can override the veto with a two–thirds vote of both houses.
Members of the Supreme Court, which are appointed by the president and approved by Congress,
can declare a law passed by Congress is unconstitutional. The U.S. Constitution, Article 1 Section 1,
states that the legislative branch be created from two separate bodies: a House of Representatives
and a Senate, together is known as Congress. Legislative Branch The Legislative branch has the
power to pass federal laws, establish federal courts, override a Presidential veto, and impeach the
President. The size of the House of Representatives resulted out of the Great Compromise. The
number of Representatives is determined by Congress based on the state population. At minimum
each state would have one representative, with larger states having more. When the House was
created there was one representative for every thirty thousand people, yet currently we have one

Documentations That Made Up The United States Of America
Documentations that made up the United States of America
On June 11, 1776, the Second Continental Congress met at Carpenter Hall in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania where five men were appointed to be a part of a comity to write the Declaration of
Independence and become liberated from the British government. The Declaration of Independence
is one of the most important documents in American history. It tells the major ideas that the
Founders had about government. Eventually, after several rough drafts of the Declaration of
Independence by Thomas Jefferson, a final draft was written and finally approved by the Second
Continental Congress. Therefore, on July 4, 1776, the nation was officially born when fifty–six
members of the Second Continental ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It also states when such situation arises; government it is not only their ambition, but it is their right
and their duty to throw off such a Government and to provide the foundation for a new government
to ensure their future security. Next, in section one of the Declaration of Independence listed
twenty–eight grievances the American colonies had against King George III. Then, section two of
the Declaration specifically stated what endeavors were taken by the colonist's to overturn some of
the decisions of King George III but ultimately were met in vain. Lastly, a conclusion of the
Declaration of Independence notes that having recorded their objections, which British North
American were living, they – the Colonies declared their right to be free and independent from the
British rule. It further declared that any legislative acquaintances between the two were to be
eliminated. The new nation was to be called the United States of America and was to have no further
association with Great Britain. That the new government would reserve rights to exercise war, make
reconciliation, as well as make collaborations with foreign nations.
The new nation was governed by the Articles of Confederation that had been adopted during the
Revolution. In March 1781, the Second Continental Congress approved the Articles of
Confederation after more than a year of debate. The Articles of Confederation that shaped the first
national government of the United

The Election Of The Electoral College Essay
In this country, we hold elections every four years to select the president. The founding fathers of
our country established the electoral college to give the original thirteen states a fair voice in the
election process. This country electoral called the electoral college into question on more the one
occasion. In the most recent election, President–elect Donald Trump won the electoral vote over
Hillary Clinton. Hillary Clinton won the popular vote. This election has sent the country into an
uproar and citizens of the United States are now challenging the legitimacy of the electoral college
process. This paper will examine whether this process is reliable and valid when choosing the
leadership of this country.
The History of the Electoral College
The electoral college, per Wikipedia, is a mechanism set up to select the president and vice president
of the United States. (The Electoral college, 2016) It was during the Constitutional Convention of
1787 that the founders established Article 2. Article 2 Section 1 details the innerworkings of the
executive branch of government. The constitution states, "Each State shall appoint, in such Manner
as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators
and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress". (The Constitution of the
United States, n.d.) The framers of the Constitution had many different ideas about how the
selection of our president should go but ultimately

Supreme Court Research Paper
The Supreme Court was established as the highest federal court in the United States in 1789. The
supreme court is located in Washington D.C. The Supreme Court has complete control over all
federal courts and over state court cases involving issues of federal law. The Supreme Court also is
the final interpreter of federal constitutional law. Altogether The Supreme Court has nine positions,
the positions are a chief justice and eight associate justices. The justices are appointed for life. The
justices have the opportunity to resign, retire, take senior status or, they can be removed by
impeachment. The Articles of Confederation has the powers of the Supreme Court. The President is
in charge of of decided who are the justices. After the President ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
A very well known dispute that The Supreme Court had to deal with is Plessy v. Ferguson. On June
7, 1892 a thirty year old man by the name of Homer Plessy was detained for sitting in the 'white" car
of the East Louisiana Railroad. Plessy was very light complected, he could have been been thought
out to be "white". Despite his color completion, by law he was still considered to be "black".
Despite the dispute of his color completion he had to move back "where he belonged", with the
colored people. When Louisiana passed the Separate Car Act, legally segregating common carriers
in 1892, a black civil rights organization decided to challenge the law in the courts. Plessey
deliberately sat in the white section and identified himself as black; therefore, he was then arrested.
The case was very well known throughout the country that the case went all the way to the United
States Supreme

John Marshall Essay
The late 1700s and early 1800s was a critical time period in American history in which our newly
independent nation was beginning to lay down the groundwork for how the country would run.
During this time, America was in its infancy and its crucial first steps would dictate how the nation
would either walk, run, or retreat. John Marshall, the fourth Chief Justice of the Unites States, was a
highly important and influential political figure whose decisions forever molded the future of the
American judicial system. Like many other great political figures, much of John Marshall's
influence can be attributed to timing; he emerged just as the United States Constitution came into
existence.
John Marshall was born in Virginia in 1755 to a large ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Before the Marshall Court, the United States Supreme Court functioned much like the courts in
England in which more than one judge offered his decision on the case at hand. Shortly after
becoming Chief Justice, Marshall changed this English tradition so that only one opinion was
delivered by one of the justices, most often the Chief Justice (Rehnquist 40). By changing this
tradition John Marshall set the U.S. Supreme Court apart from the English Courts at the time and
began to define our unique judicial system.
The overall influence of the Supreme Court under John Marshall can be understood through the five
main court cases over which he presided; Marbury v. Madison (1803), Fletcher v. Peck (1810),
Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819), McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), and Gibbons v. Ogden
(1824). The first significant case Marshall was faced with was Marbury v. Madison in 1803. In the
last few days of his presidency, John Adams appointed members of the Federalist Party to the new
offices he created within the judicial branch. When Thomas Jefferson took office he told James
Madison, his secretary of state, not to deliver the unsent commissions to some of the "midnight
appointments", one of who was William Marbury. He appealed to the Supreme Court, asking for a
court order that would require Madison to send out the commission, which was part of his job. The
Judiciary Act of 1789 supported Marbury's demands because it authorized the Supreme Court to
order

The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Essay
The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms was signed into law by Queen Elizabeth II April 17,
1982. Often referred to as the Charter, it affirms the rights and freedoms of Canadians in the
Constitution of Canada. The Charter encompasses fundamental freedoms, democratic rights,
mobility rights, legal rights, language rights and equality rights. The primary function of the Charter
is to act as a regulatory check between Federal, Provincial and Territorial governments and the
Canadian people. Being a successor of the Canadian Bill of Rights that was a federal statute,
amendable by Parliament, the Charter is a more detailed and explicit constitutional document that
has empowered the judiciary to render regulations and statutes at both the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The necessity to limit the rights and freedoms of Canadians is illustrated and reinforced through the
governments use of reasonable limits, 'notwithstanding clause' to limit individual rights and
freedoms, and the occasional need for the government to have power extended above and beyond
the limits prescribed in the Charter. The first section of the Charter embodies two capacities that are
vital to the definition and interpretation of the 'reasonable limits clause.' Section one "guarantees the
rights and freedoms set out in it" as well as stating that the criteria for limiting a person's rights and
freedoms must be "prescribed by law as can be demonstrably justified in a free and democratic

Marbury v. Madison: Judicial Review Essay
In the case of Marbury v. Madison the power of judicial review was granted to the Supreme Court in
1801. The Constitution does not give power of judicial review. On Adams last day in office, several
government officials upheld the case. Judicial review does not exist in countries that have a
centralized or unitary form of government. The elected parliament declares it is the law of the land.
Halsema Proposal to Netherlands has taken the initiative to start the process of judicial review.
President John Adams and the Federalist lost the election to Thomas Jefferson. The lame–duck
Federalist of Congress enacted a Judiciary Act. The act created 58 new judgeships that Adams
appointed. Forty two included justiceships of the peace. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In England their form of government is called the Parliamentary Monarchy and the Queen Elizabeth
II is the monarch for England. Crown is another name for monarch. "It serves as the head of the
judiciary, commander in chief of the armed forces, supreme governor of the Church of England, and
Church of Scotland, and summons and dismisses Parliament and ministers of the cabinet"
(Meadows, 2001). With advice from the prime minister, the crown appoints, diplomats, military
officials, judges, and archbishops and gives awards and honors. Justices of the peace known as local
magistrates hear petty offenses. Local magistrates are unpaid members of the community who have
been appointed by the Lord Chancellor. "Serious offenses are sent ot a Crown Court and jury of
local citizens will make convictions and sentences which will be taken to the Court of Appeals for
the Criminal Divisions with the final court appeals being the House of Lords" (Meadows, 2001).
The Netherlands government based on the parliamentary government and the principles of
ministerial responsibility. "The national government comprises three main instiutions: the Monarch,
the Council of Ministers, and the States General" (State, n.d.). The Monarch is the head of state. The
Queen has the power to appoint formateur and then will form the Council Ministers after the
elections. Council Ministers implement the planed

America Without The Constitution Essay
Have You Ever Thought About the United States Without a Constitution?
How would America be without the constitution? Without the constitution, America would have a
tyranny. What is tyranny? Tyranny is when one supreme ruler who takes all the power for
themselves. Philadelphia 1787 is the city and the year the Constitution was written in. The
weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation were the reason why the Constitution of the United
states of America written. The Constitution of the United States of America would be stronger than
the Articles of Confederation, because the Articles of Confederation had no way to tax the people
and it did not have a chief executive. James Madison didn't prefer the idea that the president had too
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Federalism is the division of power given to the Central government and the States. James Madison,
Federalist paper #51, 1788, stated that "In the compound republic of America, the powers
surrendered by the people is first divided between two distinct governments, and the portion allotted
to each subdivided among distinct and separated departments. Hence a double security arises to the
rights of the people. The different governments will each control each other, while each will be
controlled by itself." It was Madison's idea of division of power between central and state
governments, this is known as Federalism. The powers given to the central government's powers are
to regulate trade, conduct foreign relations, provide and army and navy, declare war, print and coin
money, set up post offices, and make immigration laws. The powers given to the states are to set up
local governments, hold elections, establish schools, pass marriage and divorce laws, and regulate
in–state businesses, but they both share the power to give tax, borrow money, set up court, make
laws, and to enforce the laws. Federalism helped guard against tyranny by dividing the powers of
government. Therefore, these examples show that Federalism guards against tyranny in America due
to the division of powers from the central government and the states. Separation of power also
helped to prevent

Similarities Between The Articles Of Confederation And The...
The inequality between the Great Britain Colonies in Great Britain and the US was one of the long–
term causes of the Revolution. These variations mainly dealt with issues such as declaratory acts,
rights, the proclamation and taxation, sugar act and the intolerable acts. The British took over
France's colonies in North America after the War between the French and India. Britain wanted its
colonies to realize that it was in charge. Consequently, they made an effort to control the economic
and political affairs in their colonies. American colonies dissented this British strategy since they
were not content being under British rule. The British used their superiority to enact laws in the
parliament. Unfortunately, Americans did not hold any representative seats in parliament.
Undoubtedly, Americans felt that the British were infringing on their rights, which sparked a
revolution.
The Intolerable Acts was another long–term cause of the revolution. It was a punishment for the
Boston Tea Party. These Acts comprised of four laws. Among them were that British officials were
to be tried in British courts, a ban on the meetings in Massachusetts town and closure of the Boston
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First, both of them concur that a state does not have the mandate to go to war alone. Article Four of
the New Constitution explains the relationship between various states in the United States. The
second similarity is about the money. The two constitutions say that the central government is in
charge of the value of money. Thus, states do not have any control regarding the value of the dollar
in both cases. The third similarity is that each constitution set specific term limits for all offices in
the government. The time line for legislative office under the Articles of Confederation was one year
whereas the new law set two years for Representatives and six years for those occupying the
senatorial

Examples Of Separation Of Power
The American Examples
The Separation of Powers devised by the smallholders of the Constitution was designed to do one
primary thing: to prevent the majority from ruling with an iron fist. Based on their experience, the
smallholders pushed away from giving any branch of the new government too much power. The
separation of powers provides a system of shared power known as Checks and Balances. Three
branches are created by the Constitution. The Legislative, composed of the House and Senate, is set
up in Article 1. The Executive, composed of the President, Vice President, and the Departments, is
set up in Article 2. The Judicial, composed of the federal courts and the Supreme Court, is set up in
Article 3.
The separation of powers also connects ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Plaintiff, Mr. Chadha, challenged a provision of the Immigration and Nationality Act ("Act") that
allowed one house of Congress, by resolution, to invalidate and thus, veto the decision of the
Executive branch to allow a particular deportable alien to remain in the United States. The Act
authorized the Attorney General to suspend deportation if the alien met certain conditions,
deportation would result in "extreme hardship," and the Attorney General reported to Congress. The
Attorney General suspended Plaintiff's deportation pursuant to the Act and notified Congress. A year
and a half later, the House of Representatives passed a resolution stating that Plaintiff's deportation
should not be suspended. The House resolution was not submitted to the Senate or presented to the
President. The Court of Appeals held that the House action was unconstitutional as a violation of the
separation of powers. The bicameral requirement of Art. I, 1, 7, was of scarcely less concern to the
Framers than was the Presidential veto and indeed the two concepts are interdependent. By
providing that no law could take effect without the concurrence of the prescribed majority of the
Members of both Houses, the Framers reemphasized their belief, already remarked upon in
connection with the Presentment Clauses, that legislation

The United States And Australian Constitutions
The United States and Australian constitutions have their share of similarities and differences. While
they both have the same aim and goals, they are still two different countries with their own views,
constitutions, and types of of government, and of course different approaches. As I go deeper into
this I will explain how the constitutions are so similar yet so different. There are several similarities
contained within the preambles of the Australian and United States constitutions. Immediately, they
both tell of the people and their states which will be affected and governed by the constitution which
follows. Next, they say they have agreed to come together to create a union of some form. In
addition, they both end the opening of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Lastly, the constitution of Australia continues to discuss the admission of other colonies belonging
to the Queen. A branch is contained within most governments and constitutions is the Legislative
branch, and the United States and Australia are no exceptions. The similarities of the first part or
article, which addresses the Legislative branches of the governments, is they both have a form of
Congress, although in Australia it is known as Parliament. The constitutions determine this when
they say "All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress" (U.S. Const. art. I, §
1), in reference to the constitution of the United States, and "The legislative power of the
Commonwealth shall be vested in the Federal Parliament" (Aust. Const. part I, § 1), as said in the
Australian constitution. Also, within the Congress or Parliament exists a Senate and a House of
Representatives, and the constitutions both govern the Senate will provide equal representation each
state, while the House of Representatives shall represent each state by population. They also possess
a similarity when governing the terms of office for those in the House of Representatives and
Senate. For example, in either country the members of the Senate are elected for a six year term. In
the United States the Senate contains two senators for every state, and for Australia the Senate is
composed six senators for each original state. Additionally, in the Australian Senate

Branches Of Government Questions & Presentation. Directions:
Branches of Government Questions & Presentation
Directions: You will read Chapter 5–7 of the textbook (p.136–192). You will then answer the
questions provided below. Once you have finished the questions you will create a slide or hyperdoc
presentation on one of the three branches, Executive, Legislative, and Judicial by following the
additional instructions below. DUE MONDAY!
Chapter 5 (p.136)
What is gerrymandering? Look up an example on a Chromebook and post the link here.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/03/01/this–is–the–best–explanation–of–
gerrymandering–you–will–ever–see/ What are the two houses of Congress? the Senate and the
House of Representatives.
How many representatives are there in the House of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
what they are prohibited from doing is the grant or issue of a title of nobility to any person or pass
laws restricting religious pursuits, including the development of new religions.
Look up: "Schoolhouse Rock: I'm Just a Bill." Explain how a bill becomes a law.
What is a filibuster?debate in the senate including filibuster vandd be limited
A method of delaying action on a bill Chapter 6 (p.160
What are the qualifications to be president? No person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of
the United States, at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of
President; neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained to the age of
thirty–five years, and been fourteen years a resident within the United States.Term limit amendment
– US Constitution, Amendment XXII, Section 1 – ratified February 27, 1951 No person shall be
elected to the office of the President more than twice, and no person who has held the office of
President, or acted as President, for more than two years of a term to which some other person was

Russian And American Political Systems
Mikaylia A. Dudley
Dr. Anna Gregg
POLS 3190 – Research Paper for Group Presentation
3/3/2015
Russian and American Political Systems in Comparative Perspective Russian and American political
systems are alike in the perspective of comparison. Both governments provide a framework for three
branches of government: the executive, the legislative, and judicial. Both countries also have a
bicameral legislature as well as separate elections of the legislature and the executive branch. Both
countries are the lead legislative body. There is assurance of this author in Section One, Chapter
Five, and Article One of the Russian Constitution that declares "The Federal Assembly ––
Parliament of the Russian Federation ––shall be the supreme representative and legislative body of
the Russian Federation (The Constitution of the Russian Federation). There is also a judicial branch
that is elected a bit differently in each country, but ultimately have the same responsibilities.
However, they are different in political parties and the order of the country. Tocqueville states,
"Without comparisons to make, the mind does not know how to proceed" (Comparing Political
Systems). This political thinker emphasizes that in order for any country to advance, some type of
evaluation must be done to see what works for a place and what doesn't. What perhaps works for
Russia may not work for the United States of America. As for my part of the group presentation, I
will be comparing the legislature of the

Nixon Vs. President Richard M. Nixon
Trace Haven
Mrs. Molzahn
American Literature
May 17, 2017
Nixon vs. People President Richard M. Nixon once said, " I can see clearly now... that I was wrong
in not acting more decisively and more forthrightly in dealing with Watergate" ("Watergate
Quotes"). The Watergate scandal began when five men attempted to break into the headquarters of
the Democratic National Committee at the Watergate Complex. The government had to create an act
in order to have the right to view all surveillance footage from the headquarters. This break–in
sparked more than enough attention in the United States and brought two big reporters onto the case.
It is stated that these two reporters "were bigger than the stories they covered" ("National
Constitution ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was later found that these men were there to plant and bug the telephones and computer systems.
After the men were in custody there was only one thing left to do. Find out who the men were, and
why they did it. James W. McCord was a former CIA, FBI agent security supervisor for Republican
National Committee. McCord was the security advisor for the Committee of Re–Election of the
President, (CREEP). Immediately after the break in and detainment McCord was ousted from the
two committees where he was the head of security. Virgilio R. Gonzales was born in Cuba and the
man who picked the lock at the Watergate Complex. Gonzales was a refugee from Cuba after Castro
's Takeover of Cuba. Frank A. Sturgis, a member of many branches of the military, had many
connections to the CIA. Sturgis was a part of the anti–Castro takeover organization in 1959 when
Fidel Castro took control of Cuba. Eugenio R. Martinez was another member of the anti–Castro
takeover organization with many connections to the CIA. Martinez was an employee of Barker Real
Estate who was owned by the fifth burglar, Bernard L. Barker. Barker was a realtor out of Miami,
FL, along with being a former CIA operative. All five burglars had CIA or FBI connections in one
way or another. With that being a point of interest in the investigation, it shined a light on the
Commander in

Voting Rights
In the early years of the United States, voting rights were vastly different from how they are now.
The original Constitution of the United States was signed on September 17, 1787 (National
Constitution Center). Article Two, Section Three of the Constitution permitted the states to
implement their own voter requirements (Tannahill). As a result, most of the states granted voting
rights to only white males who owned property. Any other type of person did not have the right,
including women. One hundred and thirty–three years later, on August 18, 1920, the Nineteenth
Amendment was ratified. The Nineteenth Amendment prevented the states and the federal
government from rejecting voting rights to citizens based on their sex (19th Amendment). The
ratification greatly impacted American voting rights; however, African Americans still struggled
with voting rights. The Fifteenth Amendment granted suffrage to African American males (15th
Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Voting Rights (1870)). Although it was ratified on February 3,
1870, many things were implemented to create difficulty for them to vote. Two of those things were
literacy tests and a test of understanding. A literacy test was a test that verified that the citizen could
read and write prior to registering to vote (Tannahill). A test of understanding measured the citizen's
understanding of the United States or state Constitution prior to registering to vote. At first thought,
these requirements conveyed legitimacy;

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