Name the different types for measure of variability and explained the.pdf

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Name the different types for measure of variability and explained the significance (i.e. the important) of each measure of variability as applicable to statistics. Solution 7. Range. It is the difference between the maximum and minimum values of your data set. This is significant bcause it tells us how far the extreme values are from each other. Variance. It is the mean of the squared deviations from the mean. This is significant because this usually has a direct role in probability density functions, like in the normal distirbution. Standard deviation. It is the square root of the variance. It is significant because it can be used to standardize scores, as it has the same unit as the observations. Interquartile range. It is the difference between the 3rd and 1st quartiles. This is significant because this can be used to determine if there are outliers in the data set..

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When a researcher is working with a large set of scale data, which measures are we most likely to see her report? When a researcher is working with a large set of scale data, which measures are we most likely to see her report? Solution There are four scale of measures 1) Ordinal 2) Nominal 3) Interval 4) Ratio These are all measures of Qualitative characteristics We usually use frequency distribution and classify the data in different class For the measure of central tendency median or mode is most frequently used and we do not use median which is an average of the given values The mode, median are allowed to measure central tendency of interval variables, while measures of statistical dispersion include range and standard deviation. Since one can only divide by differences, one cannot define measures that require some ratios, such as the coefficient of variation. More subtly, while one can definemoments about the origin, only central moments are meaningful, since the choice of origin is arbitrary. One can define standardized moments, since ratios of differences are meaningful, but one cannot define the coefficient of variation, since the mean is a moment about the origin, unlike the standard deviation, which is (the square root of) a central moment..

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ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA Analysis and Interpretation of Data https://my.visme.co/render/1454658672/www.erau.edu Slide 1 Transcript In a qualitative design, the information gathered and studied often is nominal or narrative in form. Finding trends, patterns, and relationships is discovered inductively and upon reflection. Some describe this as an intuitive process. In Module 4, qualitative research designs were explained along with the process of how information gained shape the inquiry as it progresses. For the most part, qualitative designs do not use numerical data, unless a mixed approach is adopted. So, in this module the focus is on how numerical data collected in either a qualitative mixed design or a quantitative research design are evaluated. In quantitative studies, typically there is a hypothesis or particular research question. Measures used to assess the value of the hypothesis involve numerical data, usually organized in sets and analyzed using various statistical approaches. Which statistical applications are appropriate for the data of interest will be the focus for this module. Data and Statistics Match the data with an appropriate statistic Approaches based on data characteristics Collected for single or multiple groups Involve continuous or discrete variables Data are nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio Normal or non-normal distribution Statistics serve two functions Descriptive: Describe what data look like Inferential: Use samples to estimate population characteristics Slide 3 Transcript There are, of course, far too many statistical concepts to consider than time allows for us here. So, we will limit ourselves to just a few basic ones and a brief overview of the more common applications in use. It is vitally important to select the proper statistical tool for analysis, otherwise, interpretation of the data is incomplete or inaccurate. Since different statistics are suitable for different kinds of data, we can begin sorting out which approach to use by considering four characteristics: 1. Have data been collected for a single group or multiple groups 2. Do the data involve continuous or discrete variables 3. Are the data nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio, and 4. Do the data represent a normal or non-normal distribution. We will address each of these approaches in the slides that follow. Statistics can serve two main functions – one is to describe what the data look like, which is called descriptive statistics. The other is known as inferential statistics which typically uses a small sample to estimate characteristics of the larger population. Let’s begin with descriptive statistics and the measures of central tendency. Descriptive Statistics and Central Measures Descriptive statistics organize and present data Mode The number occurring most frequently; nominal data Quickest or rough estimate Most typical value Measures of central tendenc.

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Explain the DSM is and how it defines a psychological disorder. ***PSYCHOLOGY Solution Diagnostic and statistical manual (DSM) describes about the mental health disorders. Psychologists differentiate the mental disorders based on the principles of DSM. DSM-V defines the present condition of psychological, biological dysfunction in an individual is due to disturbances in emotional, social, behavioural mental functioning/condition of an individual..

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Ethical egoism is a form of..benefit-harm theory. divine Command theory.. psychological egoism. subjectivism Solution Ans:Ethical egoism is the idea that people have moral obligations only to themselves and that they ought to pursue their own ends exclusively. An ethical egoist would say that one has no duty to help others in need unless doing so happens to coincide with one\'s own needs. Because ethical egoism prescribes actions, it is distinct from psychological egoism (discussed in the previous selection by Joel Feinberg), which is a descriptive claim about the nature of people\'s motivations.Rachels provides several arguments both for and against ethical egoism. The first argument for ethical egoism is that we actually harm other people by looking out for their interests. For example, we may misinterpret their interests and bungle attempts at help, or we may intrude on other people\'s lives in ways that they dislike, or we may degrade others by offering them handouts. But this justification of egoism is premised upon the value of the general welfare precisely the thing that ethical egoism denies is important. Rather than claiming that only one\'s own interests matter, this argument states that paying attention to one\'s own interests is the most effective means to furthering the interests of everyone. It is thus an empirical claim about the best way to benefit people generally, not a normative claim about whose interests ought to count. A second argument for ethical egoism is that altruistic ethics (i.e., those that require one to help others even without benefit to oneself) requires one to sacrifice oneself for the benefit of others, and that were one to follow altruistic ethics one would have nothing to give one\'s projects, goals, and relationships. But those things are precisely what make life valuable; thus, altruistic ethics denies the importance of the very things that are valuable. Rachels dismisses this argument quickly because it is a false dichotomy; having obligations to others does not entail that one give up all of one\'s projects. So,Option A is correct..

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Describe the differences among dominance, incomplete dominance, codominance, and overdominance. Solution Dominant character: A character that expresses itself even in the heterozygous state in F1 generation is known as a dominant character. With such a character, the F2 ratio is a 1:2:1 and F1 is a 3:1 ratio in case of mono hybrid cross. Incomplete dominance: It is also known as incomplete or partial or a semi dominant condition , where none of the alleles are dominant or recessive over the other. This condition is characterised where the F1 heterozygous do not show a single colour/ trait relative to one parent, but express a phenotype that is intermediate to both the parents. For eg: if a red flower plant of Mirabilis jalapa is crossed with the white ones, then the F1 will not be red or white but pink in colour. In case where the pink F1 is crossed to obtain F2 a ratio of 1:2:1 is obtained with red:pink:white in both genotypic and phenotypic ratios. Codominance : the co dominant alleles do not have a a dominant or recessive effect from one another. Here, the heterozygous genotype gives rise to a phenotype that is very much different from either of the parents. This can very well be seen in the ABO blood grouping system . The chemical glycoproteins are controlled by three alleles out o which two IA and IB are co dominant where as i is recessive to the other two at the ABO locus. The IAIA and IAi individuals produce type A blood, and IBIB and IBi individuals produce type B blood, but IAIB individuals show modifications on their blood cells and thus show type AB blood, so the IA and IB alleles are said to be co-dominant. Overdominance : this is the condition where the heterozygote phenotype does not lie in the range of any of the homozygotes. For eg the sickle cell anaemic condition in humans. The individual with this effect will have a partial resistance to malaria but the homozygotes do not show any such kind of effects..

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Describe 3 ideas or techniques that describe how to make a web page more accessible. Solution Please follow the data and description : Increase the Accessibility of Various Websites : In the stream of networking and computers the word accessibility is to be considered so as to increase the availability. The Internet is an incredible resource and it has opened up exciting new possibilities. Some of the ideas or the techniques used to increase the accessibility are : a) Text/Font for the display : It is to be taken care that the text used is to be legible and can be understandable for every age group and the people with sight defects. b) Content : The author needs to provide a text alternatives for any of the non text content so that it can be changed into other forms by the people as needed such as large print, Braille, symbols or simpler language. c) Links/References : Many hesitate to provide the links and the references for the data that they share as to make the blog/site more helpful. But it is a bad idea as the people generally tend to search for knowledge that are beyond their expectations so as to make the high readability over other sites. So it is a good idea to make the links and the references available for the readers or the users. d) Appearance : To make the site more and more effecttive car needs to ben taken during the selection of the themes and the colors so that the site looks attractive and makes teh reader to approach the same link again and again so that they could be comfortable in making the knowledge. Hope this is helpful..

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Consider this C++ BankAccount class with the following public member functions. /* Constructs an object to represent a bank account. * * Parameter: * double initial_balance -- the starting balance of the account * / BankAccount(double initial_balance); /* Adds a certain amount the balance of the account. * * Parameter: * double amount -- the amount to add to the balance * * Returns: * nothing */ void deposit(double amount); /* Subtracts a certain amount from the balance of the account. * * Parameter: * double amount -- the amount to subtract from the balance * * Returns: * nothing */ void withdraw(double amount); /* Gets the balance of the account. * * Parameters: * none * * Returns: * double -- the balance of the account */ double get_balance(); (a) Which are the accessor function(s)? (b) Which are the mutator function(s)? (c) Create an object to represent a checking account with a starting balance of $1500. (d) Provide a fragment of C++ code to perform this sequence of actions on the checking account: deposit $100, print the balance, withdraw $250. Solution a) accessors get_balance() b) mutators void deposit(double) void withdraw(double) c) BankAccount acc(1500.0); d) acc.deposit(100.0) acc.get_balance(); acc.withdraw(250.0).

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Compared with the interior, which of the following changes is usually not associated with edges? More light increased wind speeds decreased humidity decreased diurnal temperature fluctuations all of the above are associated with edges of forests. Solution A forest edge or woodland edge is the transformation zone (ecotone) from an region of forest or woodland to meadow or other open capacity is known as forest edges..

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Both influenza virus and (IFV), and Measles Virus (MV) are enveloped viruses with class I fusion glycoproteins. Experimental exposure to low pH (5.5) buffer will inactivate IFV, but not MV. Based on this information, What can you infer about the entry pathways and mechanism of two viruses? Solution Entry of virus in the host membrane includes a number of steps. The entry pathway of Influenza virus is influenced by a fusion protein termed as hemagglutinin. It is a trimeric glycoprotien present in multiple copies in the membrane envelope of influenza virus. The structure of hemagglutinin contains a receptor binding sites, fusion peptide, a metastable structure motif, and the transmembrane domain. For the entry of IFV the first step involves the recognition of the host cell receptor molecules , terminal sialic acid by hemagglutinin. The attachment is multivalent in nature as the multiple copies of trimetric hemagglutinin gets attached with the receptors on the membrane and triggers endocytosis of the IFV. The virus is trapped in endosome and moves via a unidirectional pathway towards nucleus of the host cell. At this position the pH of the endosome become acidic and induces a dramatic conformational change in hemagglutinin to insert the fusion protein into the host membrane (nucleus). It induces a juxtaposition of the two membrane and forms a fusion pore that allows the release of the genome segment in the of the IFV. The genome then undergoes translation in host cells and thus develop protein and in turns shows symptoms of disease. At low pH the hemagglutinin of IFV undergoes a conformational change which results in exposure of a hydrophobic segment of the molecule which is crucial to expression of viral fusion activity and thus inactivate the entry of the virus. For optimal expression of fusion activity the virus must bound to the target membrane before exposure to low pH. In case of measles virus (MV), like other paramyxoviruses (those which have single stand RNA which are used as template for mRNA synthesis), for the fusion both the fusion protein (F) and hemagglutinin (H) are required. These proteins are found on the viral surface in a regular array of tightly packed spikes H tetramers and F timers. H proteins recognizes the receptors on the target membrane as well as help the F protein in the fusion process which involves the insertion of hydrophobic fusion peptide in the cell membrane. Unlike IFV, MV uses single protein , the regulator of complement activation CD46 as its main receptors. CD46 is a type 1 transmembrane protein which is expressed in four isoform. MV enters a cell by pH independent membrane fusion at the cell surface. Binding of the H protein is believed to induce conformational change of the H protein as well as that of the F proteins. The hydrophobic fusion peptide inside the F protein is then exposed and inserted into the plasma membrane of the target cell. The structural changes of the F protein then induce fusion of vir.

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Are the structures present in the organisms or not? Amswer Yes or No. Structure Claim Squid Earthworm Grasshopper Starfish Lamprey Triploblastic Eucoelomate Deuterostome Limbs External Ear Reproduction Dioecious Lungs Dorsal Nerve Cord Amniotic Egg Placenta Gall Bladder Endoskeleton Lobed Liver Bony Skeleton Swim bladder Metanephric Kidney 3 Semicircular canals Rectal Gland Larynx/Syrinx Tetrapod limbs Double loop circulatory system Feathers/hair Homeothermic Synapsid skull Bony Operculum Muscular Gizzard Mammary Glands Waterproof Skin Closed Circulatory System Claim Squid Earthworm Grasshopper Starfish Lamprey Ventricles Keratin on Digits 4 Chambered Heart Diaphragm Radial Cleavage Paired Kidney Ridges in stomach Spiral valve Lungs honeycombed Bilateral Symmetry Heterodont Dentition Vas deferens present Egg Isolecithal Rotational Cleavage Pharyngeal/branchial pouches Enucleated Red Blood Cells Calcareous shells Cranial nerves present Structure Claim Squid Earthworm Grasshopper Starfish Lamprey Triploblastic Eucoelomate Deuterostome Limbs External Ear Reproduction Dioecious Lungs Dorsal Nerve Cord Amniotic Egg Placenta Gall Bladder Endoskeleton Lobed Liver Bony Skeleton Swim bladder Metanephric Kidney 3 Semicircular canals Rectal Gland Larynx/Syrinx Tetrapod limbs Double loop circulatory system Feathers/hair Homeothermic Synapsid skull Bony Operculum Muscular Gizzard Mammary Glands Waterproof Skin Closed Circulatory System Claim Squid Earthworm Grasshopper Starfish Lamprey Ventricles Keratin on Digits 4 Chambered Heart Diaphragm Radial Cleavage Paired Kidney Ridges in stomach Spiral valve Lungs honeycombed Bilateral Symmetry Heterodont Dentition Vas deferens present Egg Isolecithal Rotational Cleavage Pharyngeal/branchial pouches Enucleated Red Blood Cells Calcareous shells Cranial nerves present Solution Structure Clam Squid Earthworm Grasshopper Starfish Lamprey Triploblastic Yes yes Yes Yes Yes No Eucoelomate Yes Yes Yes No No No Deuterostome No No Yes Yes Yes No.

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Write an SQL statement to answer the question. Primary keys are( BOLD and italicized) and attributes with the same names in different tables are foreign keys. Doctors(doctorId, doctorName, specialty) Patients(patientId, patientName, sex, patientBalance, numberOfVisits) Records(doctorId, patientId, date, diagnosis, visitCost) 1. For each doctor, list doctor identifier, doctor name and the total number of visits that were administered by the doctor. Solution Answer: select d.doctorId, d.doctorName, sum(p.numberOfVisits) from Doctors d, Patients p, Records r where d.doctorId = r.doctorId and r.patientId = p.patientId group by d.doctorId, d.doctorName;.

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1.Based on current fossil evidence: Select one: a. whales were likely fully aquatic before they evolved peg-like teeth or baleen b. evolution of baleen forced whales to become fully aquatic d. a and c are correct e. b and c are correct 2.Evolution occurs when: Select one: a. individuals in a population change in response to the environment b. the average value of trait in a population changes from one generation to the next d. Neither a or b is correct 3.New mutations: Select one: b. are necessary for natural selection to cause evolutionary change c. are rare in a population d. a and b are correct e. all are correct 4.One important feature that links extinct organisms such as Pakicetus and Indohyus to cetaceans is: Select one: a. the shape of a bone in the middle ear c. the lack of hindlegs d. peg-like teeth 5.The fluke of a whale and the fluke of a shark: Select one: a. are homologous traits b. arose through convergent evolution c. are the result of natural selection d. b and c are correct Solution 1.(b)evolution of baleen forced whales to become fully aquatic. 2. (b) evolution occurs when 1. Organisms produce more offspring than actually survive.,2. Every organism must struggle to survive.,3. There is variation within a species.,4. Some variations allow members of a species to survive and reproduce better than others.,5. Organisms that survive and reproduce pass their traits to their offspring, and the helpful traits gradually appear in more and more of the population. 3. (e) mutations are random with respect to their effects on fitness, necessary for natural selection to cause evolutionary change and are rare in a population. 4..

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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the normal probability distribution? A) Positively-skewed B) Bell-shaped C) Symmetrical D) Mean Mode and median are all equal Solution Positively-skewed is NOT a characteristic of the normal probability distribution A) Positively-skewed Characteristics of normal probabiity ditribution 1. The mean, median, and the mode are equal 2. It is Symmetrical 3. It is bell shaped.

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What structure of the femur fits in the acetabular fossa? Which Is superior to the other: the greeter electric notch or the lesser sciatic notch? The distal end of the tibia articulates with which tarsal? The pelvic outlet spans the distance between the _____ of the left and right os coxa. Solution 2. Head of the femur is spherical and articulate with the acetabulum of the pelvic bone. 3. The sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments links the each pelvic bone to the sacrum and coccyx.these convert two notches on the pelvic bone into greater and lesser sciatic notches. So grater sciatic notche is superior and lesser sciatic notche is inferior in position. 4. Lower surface and medial malleolus of tibia articulates with talus to form a large part of ankle joint. 5. Pelvic outlet distance between the inferior border of the body of the pubis, and inferior ramus of the pubis on left and right is coxa..

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What is HIPAA? Why was it passed? What arc the potential benefits to health care organizations by complying with HIPAA standards? What arc the potential drawbacks? Solution HIPAA stands for Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. It was passed in 1996. It does the following: Provides the ability to transfer and continue health insurance coverage for millions of American workers and their families when they change or lose their jobs; Reduces health care fraud and abuse; Mandates industry-wide standards for health care information on electronic billing and other processes; and Requires the protection and confidential handling of protected health information HIPAA was passed as it gave Congress a way to mandate the establishment of Federal standards for the privacy of individually identifiable health information. When it comes to personal information that moves across hospitals, doctors’ offices, insurers or third party payers, and State lines, our country has relied on a patchwork of Federal and State laws. Under the patchwork of laws existing prior to adoption of HIPAA and the Privacy Rule, personal health information could be distributed—without either notice or authorization—for reasons that had nothing to do with a patient\'s medical treatment or health care reimbursement. For example, unless otherwise forbidden by State or local law, without the Privacy Rule patient information held by a health plan could, without the patient’s permission, be passed on to a lender who could then deny the patient\'s application for a home mortgage or a credit card, or to an employer who could use it in personnel decisions. The Privacy Rule establishes a Federal floor of safeguards to protect the confidentiality of medical information. State laws which provide stronger privacy protections will continue to apply over and above the new Federal privacy standards. Health care providers have a strong tradition of safeguarding private health information. However, in today’s world, the old system of paper records in locked filing cabinets is not enough. With information broadly held and transmitted electronically, the Rule provides clear standards for the protection of personal health information. There are many benefits to healthcare organizations for complying with HIPAA standards. There are huge benefits of reducing paper in health care. There are alo benefits of standardizing data, especially for the coordination of insurance benefits and payments. Also, this will make health plan–specific reporting and filing requirements for hospitals and health care providers unnecessary. Easier to maintain patients\' personal health information in a secure and confidential manner. HIPAA privacy rule also has a lot of benefits. The HIPAA Privacy Rule has helped to create a culture of compliance within many healthcare organizations. With the ever-changing environment of healthcare regulations, compliance is imperative. This enabled different organizations to buil.

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What are some examples of analog data? What about digital data? Solution Analogue data use values that change very smoothly. A good example of this is an analog clock. An analogue clock shows the time with a smoothly moving seconds hand. The change is continuous. Sound is also a good example of analog data. Also, the electrical signal wave through a wire is an example of analog data. Digital data is discrete data that is used to handle all sorts of digital media, including text, graphics and audio. It only exists in two forms: Some example of digital data:.

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This problem is about \'Lebesgue Integration\' problem. Thank you for solving this problem.. Thanks a lot.. If lambda and mu are sigma-infinite and lambda Solution In mathematics, the integral of a non-negative function of a single variable can be regarded, in the simplest case, as thearea between the graph of that function and the x-axis. The Lebesgue integral extends the integral to a larger class of functions. It also extends the domains on which these functions can be defined. Mathematicians had long understood that for non-negative functions with a smooth enough graph—such ascontinuous functions on closed bounded intervals—the area under the curve could be defined as the integral, and computed using approximation techniques on the region by polygons. However, as the need to consider more irregular functions arose—e.g., as a result of the limiting processes of mathematical analysis and the mathematical theory of probability—it became clear that more careful approximation techniques were needed to define a suitable integral. Also, one might wish to integrate on spaces more general than the real line. The Lebesgue integral provides the right abstractions needed to do this important job. The Lebesgue integral plays an important role in the branch of mathematics called real analysis and in many other mathematical sciences fields. It is named after Henri Lebesgue (1875–1941), who introduced the integral (Lebesgue 1904). It is also a pivotal part of the axiomatic theory of probability. The term Lebesgue integration can mean either the general theory of integration of a function with respect to a general measure, as introduced by Lebesgue, or the specific case of integration of a function defined on a sub-domain of the real line with respect to Lebesgue measure. The integral of a function f between limits a and b can be interpreted as the area under the graph of f. This is easy to understand for familiar functions such aspolynomials, but what does it mean for more exotic functions? In general, for which class of functions does \"area under the curve\" make sense? The answer to this question has great theoretical and practical importance. As part of a general movement toward rigour in mathematics in the nineteenth century, mathematicians attempted to put integral calculus on a firm foundation. The Riemann integral—proposed by Bernhard Riemann (1826–1866)—is a broadly successful attempt to provide such a foundation. Riemann\'s definition starts with the construction of a sequence of easily calculated areas that converge to the integral of a given function. This definition is successful in the sense that it gives the expected answer for many already-solved problems, and gives useful results for many other problems. However, Riemann integration does not interact well with taking limits of sequences of functions, making such limiting processes difficult to analyze. This is important, for instance, in the study of Fourier series, Fourier transforms, a.

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