Procurement Plan Essay

Procurement plan Essay
Procurement plan
The procurement plan for the NHS hospital development may be undertaken through the following steps and processes:
1. Procurement guidelines:
a) Goods and services shall be procured under and in accordance with NHS guidelines and provisions outlining the functioning and operation of such
procedures.
b) Outsourced services, consultants, off–branch goods and services are to be procured in accordance with the requisite NHS guidelines and project
specifications.
c) Standard bidding documents/ Proposals/ bidding paper etc will all be finalized as per NHS guidelines and will adhere strictly to NHS quality and
safety requirements (Fewings 2010)
2. Selection of goods and services:
The current project is one of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Non–Healthcare services:
These include services related to the commercial aspect of the institution, for example: independent contractors to handle the catering aspect of the
institution, or construction consultants to aid in the different infrastructural needs and requirements of the institution. For example: contractors and
outsourced services to handle the IT infrastructure of the institution and other secondary and tertiary aspects associated with the facility.
3) Procurement methods:
In keeping with the classification of the different procurement requirements of the institution as outlined above, there can be different procurement
methods adapted to each category of product:
Category A products:
These include products that are consumed in large bulk in the daily operation of the institution such as; sanitary products, dressing equipment, etc. As
these are required to be replenished in continuous cyclical repetition the best procurement method for these
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Improving Procurement And Sourcing Efficiency
Pursuit for competitive advantage is vital for the survival of any business organization's supply chain. Businesses are feeling the difficulty to improve
procurement and sourcing efficiency. The value that can be achieved through successful procurement practices is often a lot harder to achieve than
many companies actually realize. If a company expects to grow and survive, it constantly needs to add value. Procurement is one area that has become a
critical area of focus to create a more competitive and efficient supply chain. In the past, procurement was seen as insignificant to other areas of an
organization. However, implementing cross–functional teams to continually review suppliers ensures that an organization benefits from the best ... Show
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Fortune 500 companies like IBM, Dell, and Delta Air Lines are spending higher than 50% of their revenues on procurement. For a long time,
procurement has been looked at as negotiating to get better prices. Many organizations still view procurement as a way to influence spending to get
discounts and lower costs from their suppliers. However, sustainability and the supply chain risks that companies face today call for procurement to be
different now. Organizations can see real savings by looking at total cost of ownership, which can include a lot of the end–to–end supply chain costs.
Disruptions are unavoidable and every decision involved in the procurement process has a risk factor to it. In order for procurement to influence and
affect a company it must present a business case that it is a value added function. An organization can add value long term with its ability of purchasing
within procurement. Organizations need to stop short–term thinking because of the high–risk levels associated with this. Procurement decisions can
add a lot of value to a company, but organizations need to think of the long–term implications of their decisions. Purchasing is important to competitive
advantage because it increases value and savings for a firm. Purchasing can build relationships, drive innovation, improve quality, and reduce products
time–to–market. Suppliers have a huge impact on organizations total costs because most product features come from

The Contract And Procurement Management Process
Assessment
BSBPMG416 Apply project Procurement procedures Parwinderjeet singh Student ID: UIT 07415 Assessment 1
1.Describe the Contract and procurement management framework as applied to project management ?
The project procurement management processes includes :
1.plan purchases and acquisitions – determining what to purchase or acquire and determining when and how .
2.plan contracting –documenting products , services and results requirements and identifying sellers.
3.request seller responses –obtaining information ,quotations ,offers or proposals as appropriate
4. select sellers –reviewing offers , choosing among potential sellers and negotiating a written contract with each seller .
5. contract closure –completing and settling each contract including the resolution of any open items and closing each contract applicable to the project
or a project phase .
2.what are the tools and techniques that might be used in project procurement and contract management ? provide a description of each tool or
technique identified .
There are number of tools and techniques that are used in project procurement and contract management that are
1. make or buy analysis – the make or buy investigation is a general

Internet Procurement Essay
Internet Procurement In order to understand the Internet Procurement industry, it is necessary to understand who the key players are and on what
competitive dimensions they compete. To facilitate this understanding, I have put together a SWOT analysis of Oracle, Ariba, and Commerce One, as
well as an analysis using Porter's Five Forces framework. Understanding these three key players is necessary to understanding the industry and the
competitive forces at work.
Ariba and Commerce One both provide a way to easily build an eCommerce community (suppliers and buyers). Oracle allows for such activity, but
appears to have a limited electronic marketplace (for Internet Procurement) compared with Ariba and Commerce One. Their ... Show more content on
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The solution works out of the box with Oracle Applications and is interfaced easily to other ERP or legacy systems
В· Technology to Keep You Ahead of the Competition– Oracle Internet Procurement is a comprehensive solution built upon proven technologies, with
a successful track record in major global companies. But large companies are not the only ones taking advantage of Oracle's internet–based
procurement solutions. Mid–size firms across all industries are also streamlining their procurement processes with Oracle
В· Support for All Purchases – Oracle Internet Procurement supports production, MRO, service and administrative purchases on a single procurement
backbone–a single solution supporting the complete procurement process across your enterprise. You won't have to synchronize business rules or files
across multiple systems, or worry about training users on manifold systems. Different types of buying are supported by the catalogs you make available
to your employees. And, when new software is released, you won't have to worry about integration or maintenance issues. The entire procurement
system is built on one technology and maintained by the same organization–Oracle.
В· Oracle knows that

Procurement Process
TABLE OF CONTENTSPage
1. INTRODUCTION..................................................... ... 1
1.1 Procurement and supply chain process.................................. 2
1.2 What benefits does Procurement provide to Project Management?.. 3
2. SELECTION OF SUPPLIERS......................................... 4
2.1Identifying Potential Suppliers............................................ 5
2.2 Supplier Selection Method................................................. 6
3. CASE STUDY – NALEAP ............................................... 8
3.1 Background ...................................................................8
3.2 Public Procurement Process for selection of suppliers ..................8
3.3 NALEAP's Selection of suppliers.......................................... 9
4. CONCLUSION............................................................ 12
BIBLIOGRAPHY ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is important especially if the customer does not have an already established relationship with suppliers. The search should be limited to the area of
focus that is the area in which the customer needs product or services. This can be done through various way such as catalogues, advertisements

(expression of interest), direct sourcing among others
Supplier contact: after gathering instructions then one can identify suitable suppliers and requests for quotation, requests for proposals, requests for
information or requests for tender may be advertised, or direct contact may be made with the suppliers. This constitutes an offer to treat. From the given
documents then the project manager can identify which supplier to use and thus send an offer.
Background review: References for product/service quality are consulted, and any requirements for follow–up services including installation,
maintenance, and warranty are investigated. Samples of the P/S being considered may be examined or trials undertaken. This just ensures the
procurement is dealing with qualified persons to avoid shoddy deals that may cost the project dearly.
Negotiation: Negotiations are undertaken after the supplier has been identified. During these negotiations the parties have to come to an agreement on
aspects such as quantity, quality, price, availability, delivery, time and customization possibilities where need be.
The result of this negotiation is a contract that

What Are The Four Faces Of Procurement Management
2.2FACTOR OF PROJECT PROCUREMENT MANAGEMENT
From research paper of "The Four Faces of Procurement", shows skills procurement executives need in 2020 to meet the challenges organization will
be facing. In the paper, it tells about the key success factor for procurement professionals in any sectors. The procurement activities are automated
largely and at the same time budget need some strategic market or supplier management activities (Peter Smith, 2012). This happens in a few areas
with technology becomes more powerful and need for human judgment no signal. Therefore, the supply chain activities increase in process
manufacturing, commercial and judgment issues such as offshoring, outsourcing, and reputation management. In the sector of services or public
procurement, managing the internal stakeholder and related of the external market with a supplier for procurement. Making sure the public sector in
political and social goals cannot be simply automated. But, it does not see procurement disappearing and it needs to change.
So, in order to change the failure of procurement activities into successful, procurement executives will wear "four faces" to develop skills through two
dimensions. The dimensions are the internal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The important of the procurement plan is all needs will be listed and to be obtained over a period time. When procurement schedule develops, all the
procurement process will be timelines and fulfillment. Furthermore, procurement plan allows one contract consists of similar needs or division needs
into several contract packages. With procurement plan, it allows to monitoring procuring process to determine actual performance compare with
planned activities and to alert the related departments and adjust the procurement plan. Hence, it enhances the transparency and liability of the
procurement

Procurement Management Approach For Human Procurement Process
Procurement Management Approach
No plans have been made to update this document unless the scope of the installation of Roof Membrane changes or any significant changes in APEX
procuring processes are made. The Project Manager will notify any change to the project team members verbally and by email.
Procurement Process
APEX Sustainable Engineering Solutions uses a proven system to procure equipment, materials and services to meet the contractual requirements. Our
employees work in cross functional teams to perfume multiple tasks that minimize the supplier response time and queue. The result produced through
this is accurate, fast and cost–effective procurement process.
Documents, Policies and Procedures
The APEX procurement process ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Evaluating and monitoring suppliers to ensure performance of schedule and cost.
Evaluating Lease versus purchase requirements and negotiating all the options available.
Preparing Procurement Documents for Each Stage
Identifications of the equipment, materials and services.
Soliciting bid to suppliers and ensuring the high level of competitiveness.
Receiving quotations, reviewing for quantity and other discounts and while the purchase order is negotiated.
Dealing with Supplier administrator to define requirements, Statements of Work and other required specifications.
Awarding contracts. (Supplier Agreements, including APEX agreements, i.e. Fixed Price Contracts)
When generating requisition to be approved. Orders are not placed without appropriate authorization. Requisition of goods and services must be
approved by the Project Manager or an Authorized Representative.
When there is any changes to the purchase orders. The purchase orders are controlled by supply chain management and documented in the respective
procurement folder.
When receiving material/service from the supplier.
When inspection is performed as required.
When receiving Invoice from the supplier.
Note that all purchase orders which are 25K CAD and over must contain procurement documentation checklist (Procurement Doc checklist – PDC–329)
to ensure that all the areas and

Procurement Essay
3. A new computer system to replace the current HW and SW suites used in the Accounting Department with approximately 300 people
Negotiated procurement – works best for large purchases i.e., equipment, land, or buildings.
Companies require negotiation as part of the process in order to lower the cost of the assets as much
as possible. This method will often need different competencies from the procurement office.
The technology industry typically negotiated procurement process. During the negotiated procurement process, no one can get from the government, a
contractor's technical solution, including the unique technology, if this happens would compromise the contractor's intellectual property. Since the
company's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The government must then conduct market research, once this is completed the government then sends out a draft or final documents. The government
then conducts a bidders conference to determine the level of competition and to understand any contractor concerns. Throughout the procurement
process, the government receives questions from companies and answers the industry questions. The government prepares for receipt of company
proposals by coordinating logistics, evaluators and schedule. Each evaluator receives company proposals, and evaluation. If there are any deficiencies
that the evaluator finds in the proposals, the company sends over clarifications to the evaluator. The evaluation team begins the evaluation of the
companies price proposals. The government will then make a competitive range determination. The government then does live test demonstrations. The
government issues a call for final proposal revisions. The government negotiates the final contract with the apparent winner, then the government
awards the contract to the winning company. Finally we have the contract start up, contract performance, and contract shutdown. As we can see
negotiated procurement is a process that doesn't happen overnight, but will truly help you be able to save money off of the 300 hardware products and
software services, that will used in the accounting department.
4.landscaping and snow removal services around the buildings for the year
A sealed bid

Pros And Cons Of Procurement Management
Chapter 5
Conclusion and recommendations
This concluding chapter summarizes the study, draws appropriate conclusions and makes
Useful recommendations.
5.2 Conclusion
Procurement practices so as to achieve corporate objectives. Scholars in the field of procurement management describe the subject as important strategic
activities that ensure that sufficient materials and services are available for the smooth operation of a company. Also,procurement now plays a new role
in corporate performance involving value generation, integration and networking, positioned as a core competency, a driver of business strategy, and
enabler of additional business.
Procurement management process has also been explained to include purchase and acquisition planning, contracting planning, seller response request,
seller selection, contract administration, and contract closure. Procurement management also covers ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Challenges confronting procurement management practices at MCIT include lack of proper Knowledge of the procurement law by officials, lack of
knowledge of both NPL and procurement processes by some suppliers, inadequate planning on the part of procurement officials leading to problems in
arranging payment for work done and demand for procurement activities are always linked to budget leading to abandoning of some vital

Procurement: Purchasing Management Association
Introduction to Procurement
Introduction to Procurement Quiz # 1
True/False (1 mark per question)
1. Competition today is no longer between firms; it is between the supply chains of those firms. True False 2. There is a definitive and prescriptive
set of supply chain measures that applies to all supply chains. True False 3. The knowledge and skills demanded of today's supply professional is the
same as before. True False 4. The key to the success of any company is the quality of its employees. True False 5. In quality control, the emphasis has
shifted from detecting defects at the time of receipt or use to prevention early in the materialsвЂђsourcing process. True False 6. A value chain is a
subset of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
supplier evaluation and selection d. demand and supply planning e. cash flow management
5. According to Michael Porter, a firm's _____ is composed of primary and secondary support activities that can lead to competitive advantage when
configured properly. a. supply chain b. process c. value chain d. marketing channel e. core competency
6. Which of the following is not one of the features of the new model of progressive purchasing? a. Developing closer relationships with important
suppliers. b. Performing due diligence on suppliers before awarding longerвЂђterm contracts. c. Focusing primarily on price analysis and short term
contracts. d. Conducting worldwide Internet searches for the best sources of supply. e. Participating with suppliers during product and process
development.
© Purchasing Management Association of Canada
Introduction to Procurement 7. Which of the following is not one of the factors driving an emphasis on supply chain management? a. An increasing
emphasis on domestic sourcing due to the longer lead times and higher levels of pipeline inventories associated with global sourcing. b. The cost and
availability of information resources between entities in the supply chain that allows easy linkages that eliminate time delays in the network. c. The
level of competition in both domestic and international markets that requires organizations to be fast, agile, and

A Report On The Procurement Process
Project management has many important components that must be integrated in order to ensure the overall success of an endeavor. One area that
many businesses focus on is procurement in order to maximize the benefits for the organization. As a result, many organizations are hiring procurement
specialists with the purpose of ensuring that their procurement practices are efficient and current with business practices. This paper will discuss the
procurement process, some of the benefits procurement offers a business, and the attributes a procurement professional should possess to become
successful in the field.
The case study outlines two companies, the Chartered Institute of Purchasing and Supply (CIPS) and OPITO, which provide training ... Show more
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The oil and gas industries are heavily reliant on their procurement agreements and relationships with their suppliers, which necessitates ensuring that a
well–educated procurement professional manages the procurement process.
Procurement
Every business engages in procurement within their operations. Procurement is defined as the action of acquiring goods or services, along with the
process of seeking, negotiating, and purchasing of the goods or services (Business Dictionary.com, 2016). "The process of procurement is often part of
a company's strategy because the ability to purchase certain materials will determine if operations will continue" (Business Dictionary.com, 2016, para.
2). Procurement concentrates on purchasing essential operational goods and services that can be delivered in a timely manner at a reasonable price
(Business Case Studies, 2016). Businesses must ensure that a procurement relationship promotes the acquisition of quality goods or services, within
deadline parameters, which is at a reasonable price with the purpose of controlling costs within the company and ensuring that the organization can
remain competitive within the marketplace.
Another aspect of procurement is related to quality. Most procurement relationships are formal, and are usually driven by price and design of the
product or service being purchased (Sezar & Aguilar, 1997). The terms of the contract between buyer and supplier are

.2: Procurement And Process . Procurement Is The Process
.2: procurement and process
Procurement is the process by which organizations acquire goods, works and services. The procurement cycle involves planning, beginning with needs
assessment through needs preparation, inviting offers, contractor selection, awarding contracts, executing and managing contracts, as well as final
accounting and auditing. Procurement can therefore be viewed as a strategic component of supply chain management relating to satisfying customer or
buyer needs.
The procurement process is one of the most important processes of a company. The procurement process usually varies between companies due to
activity times and relations with suppliers (Trkman & McCormack 2010). A basic procurement process starts with the... Show more content on
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These areas of Public procurement process have, for long, been overshadowed with inefficiency, corruption and disregard of fundamental "value for
money" considerations. This has adversely impacted the rate and quality of progress in realizing the objectives of national development, especially in
developing and transition countries (Tan et al., 2009). Employees may neither engage in, nor give the appearance of engaging in, dishonest or
unethical actions. Both are injurious to the public's perception of honest government. As a government employee, you might have access to
procurement and other nonpublic information that could affect a contract bid or the award process (Wymer & Regan, 2005). Improper disclosure of
such protected information could violate numerous laws, as well as ethics rules. It also could subject you to administrative actions, as well as civil or
criminal penalties. Public procurement agencies should ensure that there is an appropriate focus on good practice

Questions On Information Technology Procurement
HINF 351: Information Technology Procurement
Assignment #3: Analyzing a Real RFP
Client Registration Services
Emily Chen, Justin Gill, Mika Moric, Maggie Sun, Chloe Yao
1.Introduction
Northern Health Authority (NHA) currently seeks an integrated clinical information system to close the gap when it comes to information access and
communication across the health authority. Inefficiencies in regards to client registration and integration of Admission Discharge, Transfers within
additional applications in use within the health Authority has lead ADT and Client Registration to be determined as a top priority for the initial
implementation. This document offers an evaluation of the RFP from both a client perspective and the receiving vendor perspective. Qualitative and
Quantitative criteria will be determined as a means for scoring potential vendors and separating essential, nice to have, and unique requirements from
both perspectives. Understanding the RFP from both perspectives allows for a holistic view of the procurement process NH will undertake that must be
met to ensure collaborative and efficient partnership.
2. Critical Analysis (HCA)
2.1. Qualitative Criteria
CriteriaDescription
AccessibilityA high score will be awarded to the vendor who presents a system that allows for accessibility from a wide range of geographical
regions. Admitting clerks should be able to remotely access the system from a variety of different locations. Restriction of

A Brief Report On Strategic Procurement
Introduction
Organisations around the world are increasingly operating in very dynamic business environments. Among the areas that are being monitored is the
way raw materials for production are procured and how the finished products reach the market and eventually the consumer. This paper will provide a
review of published documents on strategic procurement in organizations by providing a critical analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of their
findings. The paper will present the impacts of the findings of the reviewed articles on the activities of an organisation that operates in a business to
customer industry. And also a supermarket will be used in this case.
Critical Analysis of Article Findings
Procurement is a collaborative work between the supplier and the client of the products or services being supplied. This report will take some critical
anlysis of article findings such as Razavi et al. (2016) argued that supply chain relationship is built on trust, communication, interdependence, and
cooperation between the involved parties. The authors have used a model of Structural Equation Modelling to explain the relationship between the
supplier and the customer. Amemba et al. (2013) sought to explore how public institutions and especially the government can be affected by the
challenges inherent in their procurement practices. Among the challenges identified by the researchers include ICT adoption, complex procurement
process, and ethics and supply relationship

Finance And Procurement Of The Lexington City Council
Finance and Procurement In 2008, the Lexington City Council (LCC) initiated its first first attempt to overhaul the procurement and finance
infrastructure located in the city of Lexington, NC. When the overhaul began the primary focus was upon updating very outdated systems that were
left over from the early 1990s. Many believed that significant growth could be achieved by upgrading the finance, human resources and payroll
information technology and communication (ITC) systems. Not only had technology and services become more advanced and complex, but also the
requirements of the LLC staff had advanced beyond the technology currently being utilized. In, 2009, the leading requirements pursued were:
A more manageable, receptive, unified ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The LLC board of directors requested a comprehensive report of requirements including an examination of major procedures. Requirements were
acknowledged by conducting workshops and meetings with the most substantial platform users. In order to identify strategic areas for potential
upgrading, flow charts were developed to explain the municipal ITC platform structure. Suppliers were asked to give precise instructions as to how
these requirements would be met and responsiveness was a key consideration for the issuance of contracts. In addition to responsiveness, stability,
longevity within the industry, technical capacity, track record, future business objectives and cost were also important considerations. Risk
management concerns were key as well and strategic plans for managing risk were included as part of the whole strategic initiative. In addition to
considering current risk management issues, proper consideration was given to being every vigilant with regard to future risk.
The major risks considered were:
Insufficient software with complex licensing requirements.
Lack of capable employees.
Scope extension due to ongoing LLC plans.
Insufficient responses to contract offer.
Mismatch between software and end user needs
Difficulty accomplishing the outstanding requirements by modified development or de–scoping.
By 2010, the LCC had put out a Request for Proposal (RFP) and held onsite appointments.

Procurement Essay
Introduction
IBM Daksh India is one of the most important business process outsourcing companies in India. It has been playing a significant role in the process
transformation and management sections of one of the leading IT firms of the world, IBM since 2004.
IBM Daksh India came into existence as a result of the acquisition of Daksh e–Services by the IBM Corporation in 2004. IBM Daksh India serves as
the global destination for managing business processes for all clients of IBM. In India, there are 14 service delivery centres of IBM Daksh India,
spread across the major cities of New Delhi, Bangalore, Mumbai, Pune, Kolkata, and Chandigarh. There are two other global service delivery centres
of IBM Daksh India in Manila and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Once the customer and the analyst have decided and agreed upon the requests internally the contractor is then invited for further negotiations and other
agreements. Once this has been agreed the contract is awarded.
The Contract Management Phase.
Once the contract has been awarded there further discussion which are held in–order to close out the standards and the quality of the deliverables. The
monitoring and supervision of the contract is also agreed in terms of weekly or fort–nightly reports on the progress. Also a communication plan is
agreed upon due to the centralization of the department. The centralized team monitors the entire contract from start–till–end.
The process is stable however sometimes leads to internal conflicts depending on personal interest. However I feel the due to the centralization the
organisations buying and negotiation power is more in terms with the supplier or the contract and hence enables the organisation to be able to get value
for money.
The Challenges.
The initial challenge was the setup of the team and also the change of process which needed to be embedded in the staff. I feel the change process was
rather the most difficult one then any other challenge in the entire process of having a centralized procurement and contract management team. The
major advantage of the team was in terms of risk management. Besides the above there were few other challenges.
Planning Phase Issue
Disconnect between the procurement team and the

Public Procurement Essay
Over the past four decades, purchasing has evolved from a clerical function in the 1960s, through being an operational activity in the 1980s to the
strategic nature in the 1990s (Gelderman and Van Weele, 2005). While several organisations have transformed their purchasing capabilities into
competitive advantage, others are still lagging behind. Today, proactive firms are expected to control their purchasing operations in an effort to build
competitive advantage (Carr and Smeltzer, 1997). In spite of the fact that purchasing has gained recognition amongst companies in the developed
countries; the reverse is the case however in the developing countries (Msimangira, 2003). Specifically, African scholars have focused more on
investigating public procurement reforms while little efforts have been made in the private sector (McCrudden, 2004). In view of the current global
financial meltdown, it is imperative for both public and private organisations in Africa to adopt more strategic approaches to purchasing in order to
facilitate commercial gains.
Every organization needs to purchase goods and services in order to carry out its mission and objectives (Ellram, 2003). In an increasingly complex
business environment, today's firms are continuously looking for new ways to remain competitive. Procurement process is the act of acquiring
property and/or services. It begins when an organization has identified a need and decided on its procurement requirement. Procurement continues

Cooperative Procurement Essay
Introduction
Research Gap
Key questions
Key Literature
The idea is how a combination of theories and frameworks concerning to Cooperative Procurement, e–Sourcing and Outsourcing can represent a benefit
to SME and an opportunity for a new business.
–Cooperative Procurement; Cooperative Purchasing; Collaborative Procurement and Purchasing Consortia.
In the current literature, the concept of Cooperative Purchasing has been vaguely defined. Beyond that, there is a vast terminology to nominate the
concept regarding to Cooperative Procurement or the other terms aforementioned. Schotanus (2007) in his thesis included a list of the most employed
denomination. The table present more than 150 terms and according to him the most common used in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although he is a Public sector specialist, he extends the idea describing as two or more group of organization or people that are engaging in
Procurement for reciprocal benefit. Although there are many source about Purchasing Consortia, this concept is not very frequently adopted by the
industrial sector (Essig, 2000). This idea of cooperation between organizations is not recent. Some Japanese companies used sogo–shoshas, a group of
companies with common ownership and leadership that is vertically integrated. Another similar approach is virtual organization, that consist in
independent organizations forming a temporary network with a common goal to share skills and cost. This derives from another Japanese's concept,
Keiretsu: a collective organizational based on mutual shareholding and cooperation that includes different companies as finance, trading, suppliers
(Rey, 2002).
The advantages and disadvantages of Cooperative Purchasing has been largely discussed in the literature. There is a vast literature about
interorganisational cooperation, however there is not a comprehensive theory for the successful for this cooperation (Das and Teng, 2000). The most
related advantage is the cost reduction, considering the consolidation of demand and reduction of administrative cost. In fact, it is not just a financial
saving, but the operational time is optimized as well in some cases. Nollet and Beaulieu

U.s. Procurement And Strategic Sourcing Activities
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
From the late Nineties, a raft of latest e–commerce technologies emerged that aimed to revolutionize operating practices, replace existing businesses
and lead in the production of new business models (Sinha, I.2000; Barua et al.,2001). Following this growth in use of e–commerce in
business–to–business markets, there has been important adoption of latest supply chain–related technology and applications by organizations globally.
The procurement function has been notably stricken by this trend with a foretold growth in e–procurement applications covering each transactional
shopping for and strategic sourcing activities (Croom S, 2000). A major contributor behind this development has been the evolution of the procurement
function towards an additional strategic role in supporting both, company goals and supply chain objectives.
Procurement is a central service provided by a zealous team of executives. It functions at the interface between the organizations, the external supplier,
marketplace and also the organizations' operational processes (Knudsen D, 2003). This implies that the procurement processes and data have to be on
the market for one or all actors within the supply chain to optimize the advantages of e–procurement. The applications that inform the e–procurement
landscape are designed to alter the buying cycle, optimize pay, improve methods and progress, support bidding and tendering and facilitate more
practical

Essay On E Procurement
Definition
E–procurement can be defined as the process of proposal, ordering and payment of material by means of internet and IT software. Moreover, e
procurement is the application of digital technology to perform contracting, service, transportation and payment through electronic devices. E
procurement is more than the material procurement online. It enables better interaction of supplier and buyer which includes bids, question and answers.
In Europe, most of the construction industry are practicing e–tendering. E tendering process finds and selects the supplier. E purchasing is also a part of
e procurement. In this process system complete from finding the product, works, services and utilities to invoicing and payment by electronic means.
Background
Construction industry is the second largest industry in the USA with $3.4 trillion annually. E business gained ground globally in every sector.
However, it is seen that it has a slower pace in construction than any other industry. Reduce the construction cost is the main objective of traditional
construction industry along with considering several other factors for instance, quality or sustainability. But, now the construction industry is maturing,
companies are moving towards higher goal for instance, sustainability and customer satisfaction from the basic of time, quality and cost. Internet
proved the effective and efficient way of communication. Much organization has realized the importance of e–procurement and spent

Introduction Of Internet Based Procurement Essay
The term e–procurement gained popularity around the year 2000. Emergence of the two competitors Ariba and Commerce One, companies that
specialized in the support of electronic procurement for MRO products, changed the way indirect MRO spend used to be looked upon. Introduction of
internet–based procurement applications prompted a change from a centrally organized procurement (central buying) department to 'desktop
procurement' environment, where the employee in need of a product would initiate the purchase transaction electronically. With these two trends,
'decentralized purchasing' and 'multi–vendor catalogues', the conduit toward electronic support of the MRO buying process was paved. Thus, over the
period, spend analysts have started observing carefully, to increase spend under management and implement better control over tail spend in order to
reduce the amount of fulfilling formalities and time consumed in procuring these products.
Understanding E–Procurement in the MRO space
With the advent of Internet technology in the area of MRO, the procurement of indirect material such as office supplies and services also became
feasible for electronic support. Indirect procurement is based on ad–hoc activities which are difficult to put into an electronically supported workflow.
Since the products needed in this area are less frequently bought and usually of low value, companies shy away from maintaining material master data
for indirect products. The study of Subramaniam and

Procurement Strategies
Procurement Strategies Review Competition is fierce in today's world and a business must work smarter versus harder. Many big name chain stores
have achieved success but none like that of Wal–Mart. The following is a review of the Wal–Mart customer and his or her expectations of its
procurement process. An additional review of how these expectations affect Wal–Mart's strategies, policies, and procedures at both the domestic and
global level is also included.
Customers
Internal "An internal customer is anyone you count on or rely upon to complete a task or a function or to provide you with information so that you can
get your job done... and anyone who counts on you to complete a task or function or to provide them with information so ... Show more content on
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Wal–Mart had a contract with a third party procurement firm in Asia. The firm used suppliers that would mark–up merchandise and resell that
merchandise to Wal–Mart. The company has reduced costs, lead times, and eliminated the middleman mark–ups. In 2002, Wal–Mart began to buy
directly from the manufacturer to procure a better price. According to Stundza, (2006), " Wal–Mart has global procurement and supplier alignment
teams responsible for identifying new suppliers, sourcing new products, building partnerships with existing suppliers, and managing the global supply
chain of Wal–Mart's direct imports."
Figure 1: Wal–Mart's Procurement Process Conclusion Wal–Mart is the leader in its industry and continues to grow in popularity among the consumer.
The reason for its growth in popularity is its promise to deliver quality products at low prices. Wal–Mart can influence its suppliers in a way that
ensures a low price on the products it sells. Wal–Mart expects its suppliers to follow its lead in giving the customer what he or she expects and will
continue to grow in consumer popularity as a result.
References
Earl, D., (2004). What is internal customer service? Donna Earl Training, Retrieved from http://www.donnaearltraining.com/Articles
/internalCustomerService
Kaufman, L. (2009, August 11). Wal–Mart 's Backward Business Revolution. Forbes.com. Retrieved from

Procurement Officer
A Report On:
Procurement
Executive Summary:
Procurement is important to identify, discover and interpret factors affecting acquiring goods and services. This report researches in detail factors
affecting procurement within a larger sized business.
As Wagamama is a fast, casual dining restaurant, there are three main criteria affectingprocurement: "speed, quality and value for money". It is
important to ensure that customers' expectations are being met to ensure best possible sales.
This report explains in detail an approach to understanding the importance of procurement strategies and the importance of resource management.
The report also describes and evaluates plans to improve procurement strategies and best practice. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The acquisition of best possible goods and services at best possible prices, including direct and indirect costs. However, the time, quantity and place
are crucial for finding the perfect products and services.
The illustration below shows in which general direction procurement should go: Procurement is the route of choosing equipment, services or products
and maintaining and managing them until they have reached the end of their life cycles, when the whole process is repeated.
The following five steps need to be considered by the procurement officer for Wagamama in order to find the best possible equipment, supplier
contracts and products:
1.1.1Selection Criteria
It is necessary to identify what the business needs are. If the business wants to purchase new furniture, the procurement officer needs to identify the
needs and standards of its business, as well as the needs of its customers. Wagamama is known for its "fast, casual dining style". The restaurants have
long tables with wooden benches which encourage customers for a limited stay. This, again, has a positive impact on the customer turnover indicator.
Therefore, this aspect becomes a selection criterion when choosing new furniture for the business.
However, all selection criteria vary from business to business. Different standards, situations and occasions within businesses require different needs.
Some criteria involve more risks but more benefits could be expected. As stated on

The Procurement Of Ict Goods And Services Essay
Critical Analysis – NSW's procurement of ICT Goods and Services
Introduction
The NSW Government on an estimate spends over $1 Billion on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) goods and services annually. As a
key purchaser for various suppliers, it is in power to control and dominate over the growth of the ICT industry around Australia. In the past decade, the
NSW Government has made changes to the ICT procurement policy to provide a more predictable and simplified procurement process.
The ICT Strategic Plan
In 2007, the strategic plan named "People's First– A new direction of ICT in NSW" was developed by the Government Chief Information Office and
NSW Government CIO Executive Council. The Plan included the Government's priorities for the annual $1 Billion expenditure. However, given the
rapid development of information technology in recent times, this was a fairly late time to release a crucial document. The strategic plan succeeds in
replacing a variety of inconsistent strategies within departments and agencies in the NSW Government with an aim of creating a co–ordinated
government–wide approach to expenditure, allocation of resources and planning. It also redirects the spending away from infrastructure such as emails,
financial and payroll systems and promotes a more modern approach.
Legislative Frame work
NSW government departments, statutory authorities and other government agencies comes under NSW public services. The NSW public service
receive all goods,

Review Of Procurement Services Of Higher Education
Assessing Information Technology (IT)–Business Alignment in Procurement Services of Higher Education Adonis Bwashi Dr. Margaret Reid Human
Behavior in Complex Organizations Introduction Strategic alignment occurs when the Information Technology (IT) and business strategies are in
dynamic symmetry with the structures that support strategy execution, which include; organization framework and Information systems (Lapiedra,
Alegre, and Chiva, 2006). Therefore, when this alignment exists IT can predict what the business future requirements are and set up a trajectory to
meet those upcoming needs (Hu and Huang, 2007). Luftman (2003) noted that for over two decades IT to business alignment has been classified
among the top management concerns in organizations. Although IT–business alignment has been identified as a promoter for IT investment to enhance
organizational performance, fear prevails among management teams that the return of investment in IT will not be achieved. The main reason of
failure to generate return from IT investment is the practice's challenge faced by many implementers due to external forces, like transformation of IT
(Luftman and Kempaiah, 2008), cost, and lack of understanding on alignment framework and models to use at different strategic planning levels
(Oana, 2010). Previous research works, dating as early as 1970s, demonstrate that achieving alignment between IT and business has been a critical
issue; researchers, IT and business

Procurement Of The Procurement Management Essay
The procurement management in companies and institutions are right–hand man to the company aims procurement department in any organization and
the sector to several objectives of each in:
Ensure the continuity of production: by buying and the provision of primary and basic materials of production processes, and on an ongoing basis
without interruption and only caused a delay in the flow and thus delayed the arrival of the final product to customers.
Ensure access to products and raw materials less reasonable price: the price that corresponds to the quality of the product and the satisfaction of the
company for this product.
Find several suppliers and not just on one source: For this purpose a number of reasons lie in the increasing strength "argument" in favor of the
company and to get the lowest reasonable price, and this is more present in the modus operandi of tenders. Another reason to look for new suppliers
is to ensure access to raw materials in case of a sudden failure or delay by the previous supplier.
Build close relationships with suppliers.
Iintegration and cooperation between the procurement department and the other departments of the institution: he divided the production needs of the
purchases are raw materials, and engineering department needs to provide the tools necessary for the operation and equipment, and marketing
department relationship procurement is the expectation in the type and number of materials needed in sales, and other departments .
Ensure the

Procurement Elements
Element 4
I ensured procurement requests, requisitions for supplies and services, training by means of coordination with the appropriate staff, contractors and
other SI units; expedite and follow up with suppliers to schedule, purchase goods and services; ensure building access for SI staff, contractors, and
interns in a timely process on behalf the unit to meet procurement contracts and requisitions needs in accordance with SI and NMAAHC regulations,
policy, and automated procedures
Functions as the team lead and in the submission of purchase goods and services; building maintenance, building access in a timely to ensure the
process of procurement contracts and requisitions needs are met
Politely and frequently communicate and, follow up ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I placed organizational needs ahead of personal conveniences, often working through lunch and working on personal time, displaying dedication, pride,
and simultaneously, created and executed purchase requests and the submission of procurement packages for ex post factors within the Curatorial
Affairs unit for audit purposes; assist with the Front desk coverage; working on a Saturday removing the chairs and tables out of conference room 5005
without pay to assist with launch of the Capital Region Minority Supplier Development Council Meeting. Resulted – Tremendous Success
4. I placed organizational needs ahead of personal conveniences, often working through lunch and working on personal time, displaying dedication,
pride, and simultaneously, created and executed purchase requests and the submission of procurement packages for ex post factors within the
Curatorial Affairs unit for audit purposes; assist with Front desk

Disadvantages Of E-Procurement
E PROCUREMENT
E–acquirement is the business–to–business or business–to–purchaser or business–to–government buy and offer of supplies, work, and administrations
through the Internet and other data and systems administration frameworks, for example, electronic information exchange and venture asset arranging.
The e–acquirement esteem chain comprises of indent administration, e–Tendering, e–Auctioning, seller administration, list administration, Purchase
Order Integration, Order Status, Ship Notice, e–invoicing, e–instalment, and contract administration. Indent administration is the work process included
in the planning of tenders. This part of the quality chain is discretionary, with individual securing offices characterizing their indenting process. In works
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The main reason companies have embraced e–procurement is to increase productivity, provide visibility into day–to–day transactions and make it easier
for users to get the supplies that they need.
It has not been an easy road for e–procurement as implementation has its challenges and it has taken time for business managers and procurement
departments to fully accept it. The advantages of e–procurement are slowly being understood:
Reducing costs
Costs can be reduced by leveraging volume, having structured supplier relationships and by using system improvements to reduce external spend while
improving quality and supplier performance. E–procurement eliminates paperwork, rework and errors.
Visibility of spend
Centralized tracking of transactions enables full reporting on requisitions, items purchased, orders processes and payments made. E–procurement
advantages extend to ensuring compliance with existing and established contracts.
Productivity
Internal customers can obtain the items they want from a catalogue of approved items through an on–line requisition and ordering

Procurement Management Case Study
This concluding chapter summarizes the study, draws appropriate conclusions and makes
Useful recommendations.
5.2 Conclusion
Procurement practices so as to achieve corporate objectives. Scholars in the field of procurement management describe the subject as important
strategic activities that ensure that sufficient materials and services are available for the smooth operation of a company. Also,procurement now plays a
new role in corporate performance involving value generation, integration and networking, positioned as a core competency, a driver of business
strategy, and enabler of additional business.
Procurement management process has also been explained to include purchase and acquisition planning, contracting planning, seller response request,
seller selection, contract administration, and contract closure. Procurement management also covers relationship between sellers (or contractors,
subcontractors, vendors, service provider, or suppliers) and buyers (client, customers, purchaser, service requestors). On the ... Show more content on
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Moreover the questionnaire technique granted the respondents the necessary flexibility to answer the questions at their convenient period.
Findings of the study, the objectives of MCITвЂџs procurement management practices include: Strategic procurement management (SPM) at MCIT
aims at adding value to each stage of procurement process i.e. from the demand for goods or services to their acquisition, managing the logistics
process and finally the use and disposal, SPM at MCIT addresses deficiencies in current practice relating to procurement, contract management,
inventory and asset control as well as SPM ensures uniformity in bid and contract documentation and options and bid and procedure standards. The
study also discovered that the

E-Procurement Tools
There are a large number of E–procurement tools that could be distinguished in the marketplace (de Boer et al., 2001). Some of them are already well
developed and highly accepted in the marketplace; nonetheless, there are numerous E–procurement tools that are immature and require further
development (Wang, 2006). For the purpose for this paper, we aim to focus on the E–procurement tools that are widely accepted in the government and
private sectors. The four most common E–procurement tools being used consist of E–Sourcing, E–Tendering, E–Reverse Auction and E–Collaboration
(Boer et. al., 2001). The description of the four E–procurement tools would be provided, following by comprehensive explanations and visual diagrams
to demonstrate how ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For instance, the state government of New South Wales (www.tenders.nsw.gov.au) and Queensland (www.tenders.qld.gov.au) make use of E
–Tendering
portal to provide suppliers with business opportunities.
E–Reverse Auction Compared to E–Tendering, E–Reverse Auction is another form of E–procurement tool that allows the purchasing company to use
internet technology to purchase products and services that either have the lowest price or a combination of low price and other important conditions
such as the quality of the products and services (Knudsen, 2003). Diagram 1.3. provides a snapshot of the comparison between different forms of
auctioning.
Figure 1.3. Comparison between traditional auction and reverse auction
E–Reverse auction is the opposite of traditional auction. A traditional auction usually involves a seller offering one or more items for sale in the
marketplace, and there will be multiple potential buyers compete for the purchase of the item(s) being offered (de Boer et al., 2001). The price is
driven up until a stage that no buyers are willing to offer a higher price (de Boer et al., 2001). EBay and Amazon.com could be well–known examples
of traditional auction on the Internet. In contrary, reverse auction is a process which there are multiple sellers are competing for the business of one
single buyer. At such, the price is driven down until there are no sellers willing to bid any lower (Merson, 2000). According to

Mondavi Procurement Management
Mondavi Procurement Management
Procurement is the complete process or action of acquiring or obtaining material, property, or services at the operational level, such as purchasing,
contracting, and negotiating directly with the source of supply. Procuring goods and services is a larger process than just the label price of wine; the
process to buy those items includes major organizational costs, often accounting for half of the product price. When allowing for the vast number of
purchases Mondavi makes in a year, it is easy to see how these costs can spiral out of control without careful management. This paper will describe the
contract administration policies, procedures, tools and termination procedure for the Robert Mondavi Winery,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Several types of contract terminations exist including evergreen, rolling contracts and end of contracts. Typically Mondavi uses "End of Contracts",
where once the contract tasks are completed the contract is finished.
These contracts signed by Mondavi are often long–term, whether they are dealing with grape growers or equipment suppliers. An example of this took
place in 1966 after Robert Mondavi left Krug Winery. Mondavi met with several of Krug 's grape suppliers and convinced them to provide grapes
for Mondavi 's new company. Mondavi signed these growers to long term contracts to provide Mondavi with the grapes he needed to produce fine
wines in the years to come. This was unique to the California wine industry, because most of the deals between vineyards and wineries were
handshake deals. Even in 1996, many small wineries were caught off guard when Mondavi purchased Sierra Madre Vineyard; several of these small
wineries had handshake deals with Sierra Madre and could not purchase the same quantity of grapes from Mondavi that they had grown accustomed to
in the past from Sierra Madre (Berger, 1996). Robert Mondavi has always done business this way, through a contract with specifications to the length
and details of the contract.
External Influences to Procurement Management
There are a number of external influences on the procurement management processes in the wine industry; key is the price of

Competitive Procurement Under Chapter 287
Competitive Procurement under Chapter 287
Section 287.017, F.S. establishes five purchasing categories through which purchases made be made based upon certain conditions. Any good or
service exceeding category two, $35,000, must be competitively procured unless there is an exemption and justification is provided for use of that
exemption. If a State Term Contract does not offer the good or service required by the Agency, and sufficient justification is provided, purchases over
category two must be made utilized one of the three competitive procurement methods: the Invitation to Bid, the Request for Proposal, or the
Invitation to Negotiate. According to section 287.057(1)a, an Invitation to Bid is used when the agency is able to develop specific requirements
pertaining to a commodity or group of commodities. When certain mandatory criteria are met on a pass or fail basis, the award goes to the lowest
responsive bidder. (Section 287.057(1)(a)4). A Request for Proposal is used when the agency can specifically define the requirements of the group of
commodities, or contractual service being sought and can describe the deliverables. Criteria such as price, prior experience, and the vendor's project
plan, should be weighted and scored by evaluators; unlike the Invitation to Bid, the contract is not awarded automatically to the responsive bidder with
the lowest price, but must be awarded to the vendor who provides a solution that is "most advantageous to the state,"

Essay The History of the Procurement Function in Business
History
Fifteen to twenty years ago companies only had purchasing departments. The procurement function was treated more as a need or necessary evil. So
when companies use to procure their goods and services the main thing was to cut a purchase order and get that item or services delivered. Not much
was thought concerning leveraging the suppliers or putting long–term contracts in place to protect both the company and the supplier. About ten to
twelve years ago or so, companies starting getting smarter and reasoned that any good they bought it doesn't make good business sense to have too
many suppliers. They reasoned they should have a limited number of suppliers and should be able to manage it and understand what they were buying
and how ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Firstly, define what the organization buys and needs on a recurring basis. Then, the organization should take a current evaluation of its sourcing needs
(a snapshot if you will) and then forecast future state sourcing needs for say where the firm would like to go in 3–5 years; 5–10 years and so for forth.
Then arrive at a good understanding of total cost and the distinction of supplier price. Total cost could entail transportation, poor or premium quality
of materials, salaries of premium employees, etc. Then you do a market scan or market research to evaluate competitiveness, similarities and the like
to ensure you under the marketplace for a particular supply or service group. Before selecting a supplier, a firm can survey the capabilities by issuing
a request for information (RFI) or a request for proposal (RFP), followed by negotiations and finally you evaluate vendor performance management for
the supplier that has been chosen. So how is strategic sourcing different from traditional procurement?
Traditionally procurement had been more operations oriented or needs based. Whereby whatever the company wanted or needed would be requested
through the procurement department and the authorized representative would just make a few calls to find the item and its availability and make the
purchasing arrangement. Rarely were there long–term contracts in place to optimize delivery, availability, or to ensure the quality of the products met
or exceeded the firm's

Procurement Of Procurement Management Process
Every project involves many different processes, tasks, and planning. Each project will involve some level of procurement risk associated with
contracts. The procurement management process will need to be determined. In order to have a successful team the administrative and behavioral
aspects will need to be addressed. Once these are addressed some team development strategies will need to be employed to increase the characteristics
of an effective team. Once an effective team is gathered a communication strategy will need to be implemented. All of these piece must align to aid in
the project management process.
Project Procurement Risk In order to complete a project goods and services are required. The project management process uses procurement in order to
obtaining or buying goods and service (Business Dictionary, 2016). There are many different forms of procurement contracts. Each contract is
associated with a different level of risk, which will need to be examined. The procurement process is not a one step process, it consist of multiple
management steps.
Types of Procurement Contracts Not all procurement contracts are identical, since there are different types of goods or services being acquired.
There are four different types of procurement contracts, which are Fixed Firm Price (FFP), Fixed Price Plus Incentive (FPPI), Cost Plus Fixed Fee
(CPFF), and Cost Plus Percentage Fee (CPPF) (South University Online, 2016a, para 3). The FFP contract "provides for

Best Practices From SCM Procurement, And Procurement Systems
Assignment 4: Best Practices from SCM, Procurement, and Procurement Systems Page | 6
Assignment 4: Best Practices from SCM, Procurement, and Procurement Systems
Jason Tunnicliff
BUS437 PROJECT PROCUREMENT MANAGEMENT
James Marion
February 20, 2018
INTRODUCTION
One time or another, all projects need to go to the market to get the materials, services, expertise, and any required for the implementation, development,
or execution. The way this procurement is done can have a significant impact on profitability and project success. During the 1990's, many
organizations both public and private adopted the use of supply chain management (SCM). SCM–related concepts such as continuous replenishment,
cycle time reduction, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Procurement also is the selecting from a range of options for acquisitions, and in analyzing and identifying the requirements for the purchasing,
negotiating contracts, picking the suppliers, the creating of strategic alliances with suppliers, or the acting as a liaison between the user and suppliers.
The current state of procurement practice reflects the dynamic interaction between the opposing forces, leaving the remaining in limbo. The two
complementary process is involved in the procurement is vendor selling and customer buying. The best practice in the procurement process is the
Exchange–Point Analysis. The exchange points highlight the opportunities for the process integration, which are noted for performance improvement
opportunities. The process integration is to convert critical aspects for the supply chain process and procurement from one based on commercial norms
about markets and current laws to the one that relies upon goal alignment and trust through the chain of command. The current best practices in
industry or government project management include the belief based operations between vendors and customers (Morris & Pinto,

Benefits Of A Proactive Strategic Procurement Operation
INTRODUCTION
Every organisation requires goods and services from external suppliers or providers as no company is an Island. These goods are to be acquired at
the right time, right source, right quality of materials, right quantity and also these goods are to be of the right price in order to give the organisation
an advantage over its competitors( competitive advantage) allowing it to generate greater sales and retain more customers than its competition. We will
be looking at HEWLETT–PACKARD. Hewlett–Packard emphasis has gone beyond just reacting to the needs of users as and when they arise, to a
forward looking proactive approach. This reflects the contribution that the management makes.
Procurement in the past ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Going to low–cost countries to source has plenty of advantages, but it has to be done right. ( The Boston consulting Group 2008)
Hewlett–Packard is the case study of this work, procurement being a broad topic, we will concentrate on three main areas for the purpose of these
work. Brief understanding of them;
GLOBAL SOURCING:
Global sourcing can be simply defined as coordinating and integrating of procurement requirement across worldwide business units. Mostly practised
by large organisations because they are the ones that have the need, leverages and facilities around the globe to enable them apply the process to gain
competitiveness from global sourcing. They are usually in a contract with other large corporations who have the ability to supply the products to their
sites located globally. Many organisations are meeting the need for lower cost by moving to foreign countries where there are less regulations that
interferes with the manufacturing process, where they can find cheaper labour and thereby lower the cost of basic plant, personnel cost and also
operational cost. Sourcing and outsourcing which have developed over time are the two basic methods of foreign manufacturing and it helps in
making the best choice for global supply chains. Some basic things need to be considered before outsourcing, sometimes companies outsource when it
does not make any sense. Eg if a

Procurement Trends of 2014 Essay
2014 is another business year to look forward to. Like any fiscal year, the coming year gives businesses another chance at growth and perhaps,
expansion. Although some economic setbacks happened in 2013, it should not deter entrepreneurs to make best of the coming year.
Some procurement trends are also expected to continue from the previous year. Procurement trends will likely be the same except for new additions
resulting from those incidents that happened within 2013.
Forecasting trends is necessary for any business or industry, whether the enterprise is looking positive or negative. After all, it gives entrepreneurs the
methods and time to think whether they can adopt the trend for the betterment of their business.
So, sit back and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
3.Risk management. The US shutdown definitely gave its mark on small business owners and how they procure or do business with the government.
The shutdown affected a lot of businesses who weren't able to receive their compensation in due time. Since the shutdown was unexpected in a way, it
cost businesses money and inconvenient choices like partial shutdown or lay–offs. That scenario created risk for entrepreneurs who tried to stay afloat
or were forced to close. The unsteady financial stability will prompt entrepreneurs to create a back–up plan to stay open in case another episode of
deadlock happens in Washington.
Of course, not all risks happen in a macro–level. Changes in prices, amount of commodity supply, availability and other more micro–level incidents can
also increase risk for both the business and procurement.
4.A Big Opportunity: Big Data. Big Data is simple – they are big chunks of information that needed special databases for them to receive, store, share
and analyze information. Big Data is often used by the government, including procurement since it allows a lot of information to be fed into the
database. In terms of public procurement, big data can help and improve the process in terms of spend analysis and supplier information. For
businesses, big data can be a growing trend since a lot of information is processed by both the business and the consumer. The business can collect data
from the client's user experience using many avenues

Advantages Of E-Procurement In Construction
2.4.3.1 Perceived benefits
Perceived benefits are referred to as the anticipated advantages of an e–procurement system that can be provided to an organization. Among the
existing studies are those on the benefits of e–procurement, for example [69], [70], [71]. Aggregate findings of these researches shown that there are
many benefits of e–procurement in construction in relation to costs and time savings; improved quality of construction products and services, client and
user satisfaction, efficiency and effectiveness in the management of construction projects. Organizations are likely to adopt an e–procurement system if
they believe it will yield positive or beneficial results.
2.4.3.2 Perceived Barriers
Laryea & Ibem [72] described barriers as those factors or circumstances that prevent the implementation of an e–procurement system". Previous studies
emphasized the need to understand the barriers to adopting an information system [4], [72]. Eadie et al. [4] investigated the impediments to the uptake
of e–procurement in construction among construction companies in Northern Ireland. The researchers identified the obstacles to the adoption of
e–procurement across the globe as related to low or lack of awareness of e–procurement, dearth of requisite skill and legal and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Some empirical studies have identified technological factors as an important determinant of e–procurement adoption [62], [65]. Following the work of
Soares–Aguiar & Palma [62] on technological factors affecting e–procurement uptake, the study conceptualized technological factors as technology
readiness (reflecting the availability of IT resources required for the adoption of an e–procurement system). Enterprises with robust IT infrastructure,
IT expertise, IT compatibility and security measures in place may risk the adoption of this new

Benefits Of A Proactive Strategic Procurement Operation
INTRODUCTION
Every organisation requires goods and services from external suppliers or providers as no company is an Island. These goods are to be acquired at
the right time, right source, right quality of materials, right quantity and also these goods are to be of the right price in order to give the organisation
an advantage over its competitors( competitive advantage) allowing it to generate greater sales and retain more customers than its competition. We will
be looking at HEWLETT–PACKARD. Hewlett–Packard emphasis has gone beyond just reacting to the needs of users as and when they arise, to a
forward looking proactive approach. This reflects the contribution that the management makes.
?A proactive strategic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hal Sirkin , senior Partner and Managing director ,BCG( The Boston consulting Group 2008)
Hewlett–Packard is the case study of this work, procurement being a broad topic, we will concentrate on three main areas for the purpose of these work.
Brief understanding of them;
GLOBAL SOURCING/ OUT SOURCING:
?Global Sourcing is the integration and coordination of procurement requirement across the world wide business units looking at common items,
processes, technologies and suppliers?( John stevens 1995)
?Global sourcing is practiced by big corporations as they have the need and leverage to gain competitiveness from global sourcing and also the
facilities around the globe to enable them to apply the process. They are usually contractually bound to other large corporations who have the ability to
supply products to the globally located sites of the multinational purchaser? (Peter Baily et al 2015)
Many organisations are meeting the need for lower cost by moving to foreign countries where there are fewer regulations that interfere with the
manufacturing process, where they can find cheaper labour and thereby lower basic plant, personnel and operations cost. Sourcing and outsourcing are
two basic methods of foreign manufacturing which have developed over time and this help in making the best choice for global

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