Safety & Security

1. Types of Explosives
Introduction to Explosives
Low Explosives (Burns or Deflagrate)
High Explosives (Detonates or Explodes)
Velocity of Detonation:- Upto 31500 Km/Hr
Blast Pressure:- Upto 40,00,000 PSI
Heat Generated:- 4 to 5000 degree Celsius
During an Explosion

2. Block Diagram of a Bomb
Explosive Material Switch Battery
Detonator Wires
Requirements of a Bomb
Explosive Material Detonator Wires
Power Source (Batteries) Switch

3. Explosives Commonly Used
Gun Powder
Gelatin Sticks
TNT
RDX,C/3,C/4
Nitroglycerine
PENT
Cortex
Semtex
Sulphur
Potassium Nitrate Lead Azide
Combinations of various chemicals & acids. viz.
Potassium Chlorate + Sugar + Sulphuric Acid
Types of Explosive Devices
Time Control Anti Tilt
Anti Lift
Speed Control
Vibration
Anti Roll
Light Control Anti Operate
Anti Open
Release Pressure
Apply Pressure Remote

4. Types of Bomb Threats
Specific
Non-Specific
Building is identified
Specific area/floor/department mentioned
Exact date /time is stated
If the above factors are not available or given
then the threat can be classified as non specific.
These threats cannot be neglected, & a search of
the building is to be carried out as per procedure.

5. Receipt of bomb threat
message. Tele/Written
Questioning technique
Background noise
Completion of bomb threat check list
Notification to Security
manager/control room
Inform superiors
Alert police/bomb squad
Medical/ambulance
Notify fire brigade Inform bomb threat committee
Assembly of bomb
threat committee
Senior manager
Police
Explosive expert
Alert search team
Evaluation
of bomb call
Assess credibility of message
Risk analysis
Evaluate threat Specific/nonspecific
Search Evacuation
Decide type of search
Posting of guide
Control evacuation
Assembly area surveillance
Bomb not detected Bomb located
Complete evacuation
Place sand bags
Await bomb squad
Disposal of bomb Decide RSP technique
Collect evidence for investigation
Bomb Threat Drill
Investigation
Charge-sheet
Conviction
Call off all
activities

6. Search & Evacuation Options
Evacuate all & search
Evacuate partially & search
Search without evacuation
Search after evacuation
Fully evacuate & do not search
Search & Evacuation depends on:
Number of hoax calls recently received
Loss of man-hour & production
Possible injury to people during evacuation
Number of staff/customers to be evacuated
Loss of goodwill & subsequent loss of business
Number of exit route & doors
Proximity & danger to neighboring buildings
Liabilities in case explosion occurs

7. Search Procedures
Entire building is to be searched looking
out for the following:-
Loose switchboards & paneling
Unusual or out of place objects
Loose electrical fittings
Disturbed carpeting
Scratch marks or fresh paint
Dusty footprints
New brick work or plastering
Greasy paper packing
Tin foils, Batteries, Safety fuses & dirty ropes
Loose wires or insulation pieces
Partially open windows & drawers
Brick powder or saw dust

8. Room Search Levels
First Sweep
Second Sweep
Third Sweep
Floor to Waist level
Waist to Head level
Head to Ceiling level
If the room has a false ceiling, an additional sweep
is to be carried out searching all electrical wires,
air-conditioning ducts & all such things between
false ceiling & the roof.
Additional Sweep
On completion of search, each room to be clearly
marked with bright coloured chalks indicating
search has been completed.

9. Dos & Don'ts During Evacuation
Walk out in a quiet manner to assembly point
Open all doors & windows
Help ladies/aged/handicapped while evacuation
Wait in the assembly area till further instruction
Don’t spread rumors & cause panic
Switch off all power supply before leaving
Carry all personal belongings with you
Don’t run during evacuation
Don’t use lifts
Follow instruction of marshal during evacuation
Don’t ask any questions to the marshals
Take head count & report shortfalls

10. Letter/Book Bomb (Definition)
To injure or kill an individual
To terrorise or create panic in public
Dimensions
3 Cms
4”X6”
50 to 100 gms
Purpose
A letter/book designed to explode when opened,
causing serious injury or death to the person
opening it & could be fatal for any target.
Thickness
Length
Weight
3” - 4”
12”X8”
300 to 400 gms
Letter Book

11. How to Detect a Letter Bomb
Extra postage stamp
Misspelled name
Sender’s address not on the cover
Address with title only & no name
Excessively secured
Visual distraction
Envelope with holes
Discolouration / oil stains
Smell of almond
Uneven / lopsided envelope
Envelopes marked “Secret” or “Confidential”
Hand written address

12. Action on Locating Suspicious Object
Inform Control room & Security Manager
Evacuate to a safe distance (100 Meters)
Open all doors & windows of that area
Don’t touch, open, move, tilt or roll the object
Place sand bags around the suspected object
Buttress Server/EDP & other sensitive rooms
Questioning employees of the area/investigation
Don’t permit re-entry till area is declared safe
Inform Bomb squad, Fire Brigade, Ambulance
Don’t accept anything on the face value
Handle the object alone if you are duty bound
Don’t use Radio equipment or flashlight nearby
Don’t cut strings/wires or pass metallic objects
Don’t be a “DEAD HERO”