Personal Protective Equipment and their uses

1. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Syed Najaf Ali

2. METHODS OF CONTROLLING HAZARDS
• ENGINEERING CONTROLS – redesigning
equipment, installation of guards, barriers or shields,
substitution of less hazardous materials or physically
altering mechanical processes to eliminate hazards.
• ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS – worker
rotation to minimize exposure, implementing proper
house keeping like 5-S & TPM, devising appropriate
training.
• PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT-
will be used to ensure worker health and safety when
other two methods cannot eliminate work hazards. It is
the least desirable method of controlling hazard.

3. Personal Protective Equipment
• Definition: Devices used to protect
employees from injury or illness resulting
from contact with chemical , radiological,
physical, electrical, mechanical, or other
workplace hazards.

4. STPES TO BE FOLLOWED
• THERE SHOULD BE A POLICY ON PPE
USAGE FOR EMPLOYEES AND
VISITORS.
• SELECTION OF PROPER EQUIPMENT
FOR EXISTING HAZARDS.
• IMPLEMENT A TRAINING
PROGRAMME
• ENFORCE THE USE OF PPE

5. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
• Suitable PPE should be kept in readiness at all times while
handling dangerous cargo or to meet / handle any emergency
due to leakage or spillage or fire.
• PPEs must fulfill the following requirements:
1. Acceptable national or international standards.
2. Lightness and comforts to wear it.
3. Freeness to move or taking any posture.
4. Easiness of its maintenance and replacement of parts.
5. Good looking while using.
PPEs do not eliminate hazard. These devices are designed to
interpose an effective barrier between a person and harmful
object, substances or radiaton.

6. LEGAL REQUIREMENTS
.
In the Factories Act 1948 there are specific provisions
for providing the PPE to the workers who are exposed
to unsafe and unhealthy environment. The provisions
of law relating to use of PPE in different operations
processes are formed in such a spirit that the workers
working on the operations and in the processes are
protected against possible hazards. It is also the
intension of the law that these PPE shall be of such
type and made of such materials that it withstands to
such specific hazards for which it is actually being
used.

7. SELECTION OF P.P.E.
• NATURE OF THE HAZARD
• SEVERITY OF THE HAZARD.
• TYPE OF CONTAMINANT.
• CONCENTRATION OF THE CONTAMINANTS.
• DURATION OF WORK.
• LOCATION OF THE CONTAMINATED AREA WITH
RESPECT TO A SOURCE OF RESPIRABLE AIR.
• EXPECTED ACTIVITY OF THE WEARER.
• RELIABILITY OF THE EQUIPMENT.
• OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC AND LIMITATIONS
OF THE EQUIPMENT.
• ACCEPTANCE OF THE WEARER.
• COST OF THE EQUPMENT.

8. TYPES OF P.P.E.
• NON-RESPIRATORY P.P.E. (BODY PROTECTIVE)
• RESPIRATORY P.P.E.

9. PPE
• Head protection
• Eye and Face protection
• Hearing protection
• Respiratory protection
• Arm and Hand protection
• Foot and Leg protection
• Protective clothing

10. Selecting the Right Hard Hat
Class A
• General service (building construction, shipbuilding, lumbering)
• Good impact protection but limited voltage protection
Class B
• Electrical / Utility work
• Protects against falling objects and high-voltage shock and burns
Class C
• Designed for comfort, offers limited protection
• Protects against bumps from fixed objects, but does not protect
against falling objects or electrical shock

11. Hard Hats work by dissipating force

12. Eye & Face Protection - Selection
• Safety goggles are used to protect the eyes
from flying objects (no face protection)
• Face shields provide highest level of
protection
• Dust goggles is used in dusty atomsphere.

13. Safety Helmet With Grinding Face
Shields

14. When must Eye Protection be
Provided?
When any of these hazards are present:
• Dust and other flying particles, such as metal
shavings or sawdust
• Corrosive gases, vapors, and liquids
• Molten metal that may splash
• Potentially infectious materials such as blood
or hazardous liquid chemicals that may splash
• Intense light from welding and lasers

17. Eye Protection
Criteria for Selection
• Protects against specific hazard(s)
• Comfortable to wear
• Does not restrict vision or movement
• Durable and easy to clean and disinfect
• Does not interfere with the function of other
required PPE

18. Safety Glasses
• Made with metal/plastic safety frames
• Used for moderate impact from particles
produced by jobs such as carpentry,
woodworking, grinding, and scaling

19. Goggles
• Protects eyes and area around the eyes from
impact, dust, and splashes
• Some goggles fit over corrective lenses

20. Laser (Welding) Safety Goggles
• Protects eyes from intense concentrations
of light produced by lasers

21. Face Shields
• Full face protection
• Protects face from dusts and splashes or
sprays of hazardous liquids
• Does not protect from impact hazards
• Wear safety glasses or goggles underneath

22. Welding Shields
• Protects eyes against burns from radiant
light
• Protects face and eyes from flying sparks,
metal spatter, & slag chips produced
during welding, brazing, soldering, and
cutting

23. Hearing Protection Basics
• Noise induced hearing loss can occur with
exposures >90 dBA
• A hearing conservation program becomes a
requirement at exposures >80dBA
• Higher levels of noise exposure have shorter
allowable exposure times

24. Hearing Protection - Types
• Ear Plugs - less expensive, disposable, good
ones have fairly high NRRs
• Ear Muffs - more expensive, more durable,
typically higher NRRs (Noise Reduction
Rating ) than plugs, more obvious
• Can be used together in very high noise
areas

25. Examples of Hearing Protectors
Earmuffs Earplugs Canal Caps

26. When Must Foot Protection be
Provided?
When any of these are present:
• Heavy objects such as barrels or tools that
might roll onto or fall on employees’ feet
• Sharp objects such as nails or spikes that
might pierce ordinary shoes
• Molten metal that might splash on feet
• Hot or wet surfaces
• Slippery surfaces

27. Safety Shoes
• Impact-resistant toes and heat-resistant soles
protect against hot surfaces common in
roofing and paving
• Some have metal insoles to protect against
puncture wounds
• May be electrically conductive for use in
explosive atmospheres, or nonconductive to
protect from workplace electrical hazards

28. Gloves - Typical Uses
• Nitrile protects against solvents, harsh
chemicals, fats and petroleum products and
also provides excellent resistance to cuts and
abrasions.

29. What Kinds of Protective Gloves
are Available?
• Durable gloves made of metal mesh, leather, or canvas
– Protects from cuts, burns, heat
• Fabric and coated fabric gloves
– Protects from dirt and abrasion
• Chemical and liquid resistant gloves
– Protects from burns, irritation, and dermatitis
• Rubber gloves
– Protects from cuts, lacerations, and abrasions
Stainless steel mesh protects against cuts and
lacerations

30. Body protection
• Body Protection Suits made of fire retardant
fabric shall be used in the high heated areas
to protect the wearer from heat and fire. The
suits shall be light in weight and comfortable
while wearing.

31. Reflective Jackets & Suits

32. Why fall protection is required?

33. Fall protection
• Fall Protection Equipment of light weight and
high durability made of quality raw material.
• Advanced techniques shall be used for
preventing hazards that are related with the
working at a height or in a position risking of
fall in the industries like construction, mining,
oil rigging, maintenance and
telecommunication.
• Safety Belt , Rope Ladder, Safety Net , Tongue
Buckle, Full-support body harness etc are being
used.

34. Fall Protection System

35. Fall Protection Equipment

36. Respiratory Protection

37. RESPIRATORY P.P.E.
• Oxygen Deficiency : Self Contained Breathing
Apparatus, Hose mask with blower.
• Toxic Contaminants :
1. Gaseous Contaminants Immediately Dangerous to Life – SCBA,
Hose mask, Gas Mask etc
2. Gaseous Contaminants not Immediately Dangerous to Life – Air
Line Respirator, Hose Mask with blower, Chemical cartridge
respirator etc.
3. Particulate Contaminants (Dusts, Fumes, Smokes, Mists, Fogs) –
Dust/mist collecting filter, air line respirator
4. Combination of Gaseous and Particulate Contaminants
• Immediately Dangerous to Life
• Not Immediately Dangerous to Life

38. RESPIRATORY P.P.E
RESPIRATORY P.P.E :
• AIR PURIFYING RESPIRATORS.
• AIR SUPPLYING RESPIRATOS.
• SELF CONATAINED BREATHING APPARATUS.
AIR PURIFYING RESPIRATORS :
• DUST RESPIRATOR
• CANISTER GAS MASK
• CHEMICAL CARTRIDGE RESPIRATOR
• SELF- RESCUE TYPE RESPIRATOR
• COMBINATION OF CHEMICAL AND MECHANICAL
FILTER

39. Selecting a proper respirator
• MORE important things to remember!
• Know the contaminants and their concentrations that you
are being exposed to
• If there isn’t sufficient oxygen present (below
19.5%), supplied air respirators must be used
• If contaminants or their concentrations present
Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH)
conditions, supplied air respirators must be used

40. Selecting a proper respirator
• If contaminants have poor warning
properties (taste, smell, irritant), supplied air
respirators must be used
• If you have facial hair, or can’t fit any
respirator, powered air purifying
helmet units can be used.

41. Selecting filters and cartridges
Pesticides
• Check the label for recommendation
• For most all pesticides the following two are
recommended:
– Dust/mist/fumes filter
• No spray oils present
• Spray oils present
– Toxics
• Organic vapor cartridge (OV), or OV and acid gas cartridge,
or multi-contaminant cartridge

42. Classes of Nonpowered
Air-Purifying Particulate Filters
• Classes of Non-powered Air-Purifying Particulate Filters
• Three categories of resistance to filter efficiency degradation
due to the presence of oil aerosols
• N R P
• N for Not resistant to oil
• R for Resistant to oil
• P for oil Proof
• If no oil particles are present, use any series (N, R, or P)
• If oil particles are present, use only R or P series
• Follow the respirator filter manufacturer’s service-time-limit
recommendations

43. Using your respirator properly Before
you use your respirator, be sure you understand:
1. Inspections (Review Respirator Inspection presentation)
2. Donning and doffing (on and off)
3. Maintenance
4. Changing cartridges and filters
5. What to do when things go wrong

46. AIR SUPPLYING RESPIRATOS :
• Air line respirator consists of a face-piece (half or full mask or a
loose fitting helmet or hood) to which air is supplied through a
small hose. It may be a continuous flow type or a demand type.
• In a continuous flow type, air is supplied should be at least 100
liters of air per minute to enter the face-piece and at least 170
liters of air per minute to enter the helmet or hood.

47. In a demand type respirator, air is supplied to face-piece when
the wearer inhales and the rate is governed by his volume rate of
breathing. Air from an compressor cylinder is supplied to the face-
piece through a demand valve which is actuated by the slight
negative pressure created when wearer inhales. On exhalation the
demand valve closes and exhaled air escapes to surroundings
atmosphere through exhalation valve. Helmets or hoods are not
used with demand type respirator.

48. CARE OF PPE :
• All equipment must be inspected before or after each use. A record should be
kept of all inspections by date with results tabulated. Supervisors and
workers should follow the recommendations of the manufacturer for
inspection along with recommendation for maintenance and for the repair
and replacement parts supplied by the manufacturer.
• Helmet : Shell should be cleaned regularly both for safety and appearance.
Dirt or stains may hide hairline crack, a reason to replace the helmet.
Nothing to be carried inside the helmet. A clearance must be maintained
inside the helmet for the protection system to work. Painting should not be
done on helmet. Paint contains solvents which can make the shell brittle.
Reflective tape is recommended for numbers or symbols.
• Flame Retardant Work Cloth : Excessive water temperatures or use of certain
washing preparations can deteriorate the fabric or affect its properties. Spot
cleaning with organic solvents may soften or dissolve some synthetics, while
chlorine bleaches will remove most flame-retardant treatment from cotton.
Compressed air or vacuum system should be used for this purpose.
• Rubber Boots : These are to be washed inside and outside with a hose
containing under pressure. They are dipped into a tub containing a solution
of 1 part Nacl and 19 parts water. Although other disinfecting agents can be
used.

49. THANK YOU

50. PPE SELF INSPECTION CHECKLIST
• Has a hazard assessment been conducted of the
workplace to determine if hazards are present, or are
likely to be present, that would require the use of PPE?
• Has PPE been selected to protect employees and visitors
from the hazards identified in the hazard assessment?
• Is PPE provided to employees to prevent injury or
impairment by exposure to chemical hazards,
radiological hazards, or mechanical irritants through
absorption, inhalation or physical contact?

51. PPE SELF INSPECTION CHECKLIST
• Has PPE been selected to ensure it fits everyone
properly?
• Is PPE maintained in a sanitary and reliable condition?
• Do employees use the PPE selected in the hazard
assessment process?
• Is defective or damaged PPE removed from service
immediately?
• Are all shop entrances, areas, equipment requiring the use
of PPE posted with a sign indicating this requirement?
• Has training been provided to each employee who is
required to use PPE?

52. PPE SELF INSPECTION CHECKLIST
• Has training on PPE included all of the following
elements: when PPE is necessary; what PPE is
necessary; how to properly don, doff, adjust and wear
PPE; the limitations of the PPE; and the proper care,
maintenance, useful life and disposal of the PPE.
• Have trained employees demonstrated an understanding
of the training and the ability to use PPE properly before
being allowed to perform work requiring the use of PPE?
• Is retraining conducted whenever the following
conditions exist: changes in the workplace render
previous training obsolete and changes in the types of
PPE to be used render previous training obsolete?
• Is PPE inspection record maintained in a register?

53. THANK YOU