Geography - rock formation rock cycle - GCSE
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This document provides information about three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. It describes how igneous rocks form from molten rock, either on the surface as extrusive rock or below the surface as intrusive rock. Sedimentary rocks form from compaction and cementation of sediments, in clastic, organic, or chemical forms. Metamorphic rocks are any rocks transformed by heat and pressure, either in foliated layers or nonfoliated randomly arranged grains. The document explains the key characteristics and formation processes of each rock type.
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SEDIMENTARY ROCK (teach)
Sedimentary rock is formed through the weathering, erosion, and deposition of sediment from rivers and oceans over long periods of time. Layers of sediment are deposited and compressed under pressure from overlying layers, and minerals from seawater cement the sediment particles together into rock. The most common types of sedimentary rock include conglomerate, sandstone, shale, siltstone, and limestone.
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This document discusses different types of igneous rocks. It begins by explaining that igneous rocks form from lava or magma and can be extrusive or intrusive. Extrusive rocks form from lava at the surface, while intrusive rocks form from magma underground. Intrusive rocks can take various forms depending on factors like the viscosity of the magma and the structure of the surrounding rock layers. Common intrusive rock forms include dykes, sills, laccoliths, lopoliths, and batholiths. Extrusive rocks include lava flows. The document provides detailed descriptions of these different igneous rock types and their characteristic features.
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This document provides information about different types of rocks including their formation processes. It discusses igneous rocks such as granite and basalt which form from the cooling of magma. It also describes sedimentary rocks like limestone and coal which are formed by the accumulation and cementation of sediments. Additionally, it outlines metamorphic rocks such as marble and gneiss that form from the alteration of existing rocks through heat, pressure, and stress in the Earth. Key factors such as texture, mineral composition, and cooling rate influence the characteristics of igneous rocks, while layering and fossil content are important for sedimentary rocks. Metamorphic rocks exhibit foliated or non-foliated structures depending on the degree of recry
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There are three main types of rocks: sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic. Sedimentary rocks form from the accumulation of sediments or organic matter. Igneous rocks form from the cooling of molten rock material either below or above the Earth's surface. Metamorphic rocks were once sedimentary or igneous rocks that were altered by heat, pressure, and chemical processes underground.
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The document discusses the three main rock groups: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma, either underground (intrusive) or above ground (extrusive). Sedimentary rocks form through the compaction and cementation of sediments. Metamorphic rocks are formed from existing rocks undergoing heat and pressure without melting. The rock cycle diagram shows how rocks continuously change between these three types through various geologic processes.
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2) Stone meteorites, which make up the largest group, contain less iron and some contain ancient chondrules. They can resemble terrestrial rocks.
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Igneous Rocks
Igneous rocks are classified based on their texture and mineral composition. Texture is determined by whether the rock solidified underground from slowly cooling magma (intrusive/coarse-grained) or above ground from quickly cooling lava (extrusive/fine-grained). Composition depends on the minerals present, with light-colored felsic rocks like granite having high silica and dark mafic rocks like basalt having low silica. Some igneous rocks like obsidian, pumice, and scoria have additional distinguishing features.
Subduction zone
An oceanic plate subducts under a continental plate at a subduction zone due to the lower density of oceanic crust. As the oceanic plate descends it melts, and the resulting magma rises to create volcanic arcs, trenches, and island arcs above the subduction zone. Common examples are found along the Cascade Volcanic Arc in North America.
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The document discusses various processes of magmatic differentiation, including crystal-melt fractionation, physical separation of immiscible melts, and fluid-melt separation. It proposes that compositional convection within a boundary layer along the walls and top of a magma chamber can lead to in situ crystallization and development of compositional stratification faster than diffusion alone. As the magma cools and crystallizes from the margins inward, a gradient in the extent of crystallization develops. This produces a gradient in liquid composition, with more evolved liquids at the margins rising and spreading laterally beneath a stagnant cap, contributing to stratification.
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The document discusses the three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from cooling lava. Sedimentary rocks form through the compression of sediments and can include limestone, sandstone, and shale. Metamorphic rocks form from existing igneous and sedimentary rocks undergoing heat and pressure, changing their composition, such as limestone becoming marble through metamorphism. The rock cycle illustrates how rocks continuously change between these three types through geological processes over millions of years.
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Igneous rocks
There are three main types of rocks classified by how they are formed. Igneous rocks form from melted rock and can be either extrusive or intrusive. Extrusive igneous rocks cool quickly on the surface to form fine crystals like basalt and obsidian, while intrusive igneous rocks cool slowly inside the Earth to form larger crystals such as granite and gabbro. The size of crystals in igneous rocks depends on whether they cool quickly on the surface or slowly underground.
Igneous rocks
Igneous rocks are formed by the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. They are classified based on their composition and texture, ranging from glassy to coarse-grained. Intrusive igneous rocks form when magma cools slowly underground, resulting in large crystals, while extrusive rocks form above ground where lava cools rapidly, having small or no crystals. Common examples are granite as an intrusive rock and basalt as an extrusive rock.
Rock types and their Formation
Igneous rocks such as granite and basalt are formed from cooled volcanic material, either underground as plutonic rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks like basalt. Sedimentary rocks like limestone and sandstone form from compression and cementation of particles of animal and plant remains or other rocks. Metamorphic rocks include quartzite and slate, which form from the alteration of other rocks by heat, pressure, or other natural processes in a region over a long period of time.
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Pumice rock is the lightest and only rock that can float on water due to cooling very fast underground, which left it very light with many holes. It has a rough texture and is used to rub off dead skin. Granite is one of the most common rocks on Earth's surface, used for countertops and buildings. It cooled slowly, resulting in similarly sized crystals as marble. Basalt is very hard and forms from lava; it cooled quickly but with small crystals. Obsidian forms from volcanic glass and was historically used for tools since it is very sharp when fractured. Scoria is a volcanic rock that cooled partially underwater, leaving it with holes like pumice.
Volcanoes
Volcanoes form when magma rises from below the Earth's surface and erupts through openings called vents. As magma accumulates at the vent it builds up a mountain-like structure called a volcano. There are three main types of volcanoes defined by their shape and eruption characteristics: shield volcanoes which have broad bases and gentle slopes formed by fluid basaltic lava flows; cinder cone volcanoes which are steep-sided with a small base formed from explosive eruptions of thick sticky lava; and composite or stratovolcanoes which are large mountains formed by alternating explosive and effusive eruptions that build tall layers of ash and lava.
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This document provides an overview of the three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. It defines igneous rock as forming from molten rock and describes the two types as extrusive and intrusive. Sedimentary rock is formed from compacted sediments and includes three types: clastic, organic, and chemical. Metamorphic rock is any rock transformed by heat and pressure, and there are two metamorphic types: foliated and nonfoliated. Examples of different rock types are given.
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ROCK CYCLE.pptx
The document discusses the rock cycle and how different types of rocks are formed. It describes:
1) The rock cycle is a series of changes where geological forces cause rocks to change from one type to another, such as igneous to sedimentary or metamorphic.
2) Igneous rocks form from the cooling of magma, either below ground (intrusive) or above ground (extrusive). Sedimentary rocks form from the compaction or cementation of sediments.
3) Metamorphic rocks are formed from existing rocks that undergo changes from heat, pressure, and chemical processes deep underground.
Different Types of Rocks and the processes involved in its formation,ppt
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Igneous rock an-WPS Office.pptx
Igneous rocks form when magma or lava cools and solidifies. They are divided into two main types - intrusive and extrusive rocks - depending on whether the molten rock solidifies below or above the Earth's surface, respectively. Some examples of igneous rocks include granite, which forms below ground; basalt, which forms from lava at the surface; and pumice, a lightweight rock with many bubbles.
Rocks
There are three main categories of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. There are two types of igneous rocks based on their formation: extrusive rocks form on the surface from lava and have small crystals, while intrusive rocks form underground from magma and have larger crystals. The rate of cooling and amount of pressure during formation determine an igneous rock's texture, crystal size, and whether it has gas bubbles trapped inside.
Rocks
There are three main categories of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from the solidification and crystallization of molten magma and lava. The texture of igneous rocks depends on the rate of cooling - slow cooling forms larger crystals with a coarser texture, while rapid cooling forms smaller crystals with a finer texture. Igneous rocks that cool underground are called intrusive, while those that cool above ground are called extrusive.
Classifying_Rocks_Power_Point_Presentation.ppt
Rocks are classified as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from volcanic activity as either extrusive or intrusive rocks. Sedimentary rocks form through erosion, deposition, compaction and cementation of sediments. Metamorphic rocks form from existing rocks that have changed due to heat, pressure, and chemical reactions deep within the earth. The rock cycle shows how rocks continuously change between these three classes through geological processes.
Classifying rocks power_point_presentation
Rocks are classified as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from volcanic activity as either extrusive or intrusive rocks. Sedimentary rocks form through erosion, deposition, compaction and cementation of sediments. Metamorphic rocks form from existing rocks that are changed by heat and pressure in the earth's crust. The rock cycle shows how rocks continuously change between these three classes through geological processes.
5.0 Rock Cycle
This document discusses the three main types of rocks - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic - and the rock cycle. It explains that igneous rocks form from cooling magma, sedimentary rocks form through compaction or cementation of sediments, and metamorphic rocks form from extreme heat and pressure changing existing rocks. The rock cycle is also summarized, noting that geological forces cause rocks to change forms over time, passing through the different types.
5.0 Rocks and Rock Cycle
The document discusses the three main types of rocks - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic - and the rock cycle by which rocks are formed and changed over time. It explains that igneous rocks form from cooling magma, sedimentary rocks form through compaction or cementation of sediments, and metamorphic rocks form from extreme heat and pressure changing existing rock types. The rock cycle involves the continuous transformation of rocks between these types through geological forces and processes.
rocks types
This document discusses the three main rock types: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. It provides details about how each type of rock is formed. Igneous rocks form from the cooling of magma either underground as intrusive rocks or above ground as extrusive rocks from volcanoes. Sedimentary rocks form through the accumulation and compression of eroded sediments over millions of years. Metamorphic rocks were once igneous or sedimentary rocks that were transformed by heat, pressure, and chemical processes deep underground into new rock types.
Rock and the Rock cycle dsflkdsfkdskfl;dskfl;dskfldskflkds;f
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Lecture # 02, 03 316 geology and earth quake engineering 5th
The document discusses different types of rocks:
1. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma and include intrusive granitic rocks, extrusive volcanic rocks like basalt, and hypabyssal rocks.
2. Sedimentary rocks form through the lithification of sediments and include clastic rocks like sandstone, chemical rocks like limestone, and organic rocks like coal.
3. Metamorphic rocks form from the alteration of existing rocks under heat, pressure, and fluids, changing their texture and minerals. Foliated rocks include schist and gneiss, while non-foliated rocks include marble and quartzite.
What are the properties of minerals and rocks
This document discusses the rock cycle and the three main types of rocks: sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic. Sedimentary rocks are formed through the compression of materials like sand and shells. Igneous rocks form when magma cools, either underground to form intrusive igneous rocks like granite or above ground to form extrusive igneous rocks like basalt. Metamorphic rocks are formed from existing rocks that undergo heat or pressure and are transformed, such as limestone becoming marble. The rock cycle shows how rocks continuously change between these three types through geological processes like weathering, erosion, deposition, and metamorphism.
Types Of Rocks
Sedimentary rocks form from the compaction and cementation of sediments and sometimes contain fossils. Igneous rocks form from the cooling of magma, either underground as intrusive rocks with large crystals or above ground as extrusive rocks with small crystals. Metamorphic rocks form from the alteration of existing rocks by heat, pressure, or chemical changes and may contain interlocking crystals or foliation.
Chapter 9
This document provides information about the three main types of rocks:
- Igneous rocks form when magma cools and solidifies, either deep within the earth as coarse-grained rock or on the surface as fine-grained rock like basalt.
- Sedimentary rocks form from the compression of layers of sediment over time, with the texture depending on the size of the original sediment, like fine-grained shale or coarse conglomerate.
- Metamorphic rocks are formed from igneous and sedimentary rocks undergoing heat and pressure, causing changes like foliation in slate.
What are the properties of minerals and rocks
The document discusses the rock cycle and the three main types of rocks: sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic. Sedimentary rocks are formed through the compression of sediments, igneous rocks form as magma and lava cool, and metamorphic rocks are formed from heat and pressure acting on existing rocks. The rock cycle shows how rocks continuously change between these three types through geological processes like weathering, erosion, sedimentation, and metamorphism. Rocks can go through the cycle many times, changing from one type to another and back again.
Rocks
There are three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rock forms when magma cools and solidifies either above or below the Earth's surface. Sedimentary rock forms through the compaction and cementation of sediments like sand, silt, and clay. Metamorphic rock forms when existing rock is transformed by heat, pressure, and chemical reactions when exposed to temperature and pressure changes within the Earth's crust.
Similar to Geography - rock formation rock cycle - GCSE (20)
Different Types of Rocks and the processes involved in its formation,ppt
Different Types of Rocks and the processes involved in its formation,ppt
Rock and the Rock cycle dsflkdsfkdskfl;dskfl;dskfldskflkds;f
Rock and the Rock cycle dsflkdsfkdskfl;dskfl;dskfldskflkds;f
Lecture # 02, 03 316 geology and earth quake engineering 5th
Lecture # 02, 03 316 geology and earth quake engineering 5th
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- 1. This Presentation is About: Igneous Rocks Sedimentary Rocks Metamorphic Rocks
- 2. Igneous Rock Igneous rock is formed from molten rock that hardened into a solid state.
- 4. Types of Igneous Rock • There are two types of igneous rock: Extrusive, which forms from lava that hardens on Earth’s surface. Intrusive, which forms from magma that hardens beneath Earth’s surface.
- 5. Extrusive Rock Lava Cools Quickly and Hardens into Extrusive Rock Molten Rock Above Surface (Lava)
- 6. Extrusive rock formation - cooling lava
- 7. Intrusive Rock Molten Rock Below Surface (Magma) When the Volcano Stops Erupting, the Magma Cools Slowly and Hardens into Intrusive Rock
- 8. Igneous Rock Types Granite Coarse grained
- 9. Sedimentary Rock Sedimentary rock is made of sediment that has been deposited, compacted, and cemented.
- 10. Sedimentary Rock - layers
- 12. Types of Sedimentary Rock • There are three types of sedimentary rock: Clastic, which is formed when rock fragments are squeezed together. Organic, which forms when the remains of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers. Chemical, which forms when minerals that are dissolved in a solution crystallize.
- 13. Sedimentary Rock
- 15. Metamorphic Rock Metamorphic rock is any rock that has gone under immense heat and pressure to transform into another rock.
- 16. How Metamorphic Rocks are Formed HEAT AND PRESSURE Earth’s Crust Magma Rock Layers
- 18. Types of Metamorphic Rock • There are two types of Metamorphic rock: Foliated, which is when the rock grains are arranged in parallel layers or bands. Nonfoliated, which is when the rock grains are arranged randomly.
- 19. Foliated Rock
- 20. Nonfoliated Rock
- 21. Metamorphic Rock
- 22. Foliated Metamorphic Rock –Slate
- 23. Non-Foliated Metamorphic Rock - Marble
- 24. The Rock Cycle
- 25. The Rock Cycle