History,scope,importance of mushroom.

1. -By
Remi yamacitha johnson,
Ii nd biotechnology,
Bon secours college for women.

2.  Mushroom is a fleshy fruiting body of a fungi,
It contain a stalk and a umbrella cap.
 The cap like structure is known as pileus ,the
stalk known as stipe which is attached to thread
like structure called mycelia.
 The mycelia absorbs from soil and give raise to
fruiting bodies.

4.  The first cultivation of mushroom-1638 to 1715
 1800-horse-horse manure.
 Cultivation of mushrooms in western cultures
first recorded in 1650.
 Agaricus bisporus was first species cultivated
on compost.

5.  Several species of mushroom cultivated on
wood.
 In Asia, specifically China and Japan, it is not
known when cultivation began.
 Today, Agaricus bisporus produced in greatest
quality on global basis.

6.  Mushroom is the chief source of protein for
vegetation.
 Almost edible mushroom are very rich source
of protein and other essential amino acid.
 It is also has low fat and high carbohydrates.
 Growing health consciousness among the Indian
increases the demand for mushroom constantly.

7.  It is cultivated in indoor and space requirement
is very less.
 Less time
 Less investment
 Suitable for landless farmers
 Significant role in forest economy-decomposes,
dead plants, animals.
 Hence there is a lot of scope for mushroom
cultivation in Indian and abroad.

8.  NUTRITIONAL VALUE:
Protein very high.
fibre-helps lower cholesterol.
Copper-helps body to absorb O2 and
create red blood cells.
Selenium –an antioxidant that helps
neutralize free radicals, thus preventing cell
damage and reducing the risk of cancer and other
diseases.
Low level of fat, calories, sodium.

9.  MEDICINAL VALUE:
Medicinal fungi have routinely been
Used in traditional Chinese method.
Today, an estimated 6% of edible
Mushroom are known to have medicinal property
And can be found in health tonics, tincture, tea,
Soups and herbal formulas.
eg:Letinula edodes {shiitake} and
Volvariella volvacea {Chinese or straw mushroom}

10.  VULNERABILITY TO POOR:
Mushroom cultivation can help reduce
vulnerability to poverty and strengthens livelihood
through the generation of fast yielding and reliable
source of income.
Mushroom substrate can be prepared
from any clean agricultural waste materials and
mushrooms can be produced in temporary clean
shelter.

11.  USE OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE AS SUBSTRATE...
Mushrooms are grown o some organic
substrates, mostly waste materials from forms,
plantations or factories.
currently, millions of tons of agricultural
wastes are discarded burned and neglected.
In the process of mushroom growing,
however, environmental pollution from such practice
may be reduced.
e.g. straw, corncobs, grass, saw dust,
sugarcane bagasse, cotton waste, oil palm waste.

12.  India is not major producer of any of the
mushroom varieties, but it does cultivate mushroom
and has great potential as an important producer in
the future.
 From the production standpoint , the white button
mushroom has the highest growth rate and potential
for production.

13.  Though India’s present share in the world
population and trade of oyster mushroom is major,
being only on estimated 2,000 tons ,the potential
for the future is rated as high for a variety of
reason.
 India has a very large availability of various types
of raw materials such as Wheat straw, Paddy straw, Bagasse,
Chicken manure, Gypsum, Tea-waste, De-oiled cakes and so forth
in almost all regions and these materials are
relatively inexpensive.

14.  India has large number of agro-climatic regions
That offer congenital climatic conditions for
Mushroom cultivation.

15. o It is estimated that about 1.5 million species of
Fungi inhabit earth out of which 1,40,000 species
Are categorized as mushrooms.
o Among the 14,000 known mushroom species,
7,000 species are considered to have varying
Degree of edibility and more than 3,000 species
Of mushrooms of 31 genera are known to prime
Edible mushrooms.

16. o To date, 200 mushroom species are
Experimentally grown,
o 100 species economically cultivated,
o 60 commercially cultivated,
o 10 have reached industry status,
o Further 2,000 mushroom species are regarded
as medicinal mushrooms with a variety of health
attributes.

17.  The directorate was established in 1983 as
National Centre For Mushroom Research And
Training.
 The three major mushroom producing countries
As FAO data viz., China, USA, Netherland account
For more than 60% of the world production.
 According to the current Indian estimates
Mushroom production of India is about 1 lakh
Metric tons ,which is about 3% of the world
Mushroom production.

19. Thank you...