2. Difference between Democratic
and Non Democratic
Democratic Non Democratic
Government
(a) The People are allowed to
criticize the government.
(a) People are not allowed to criticize
the government.
(b) Workers are allowed to form
independent trade union.
(b) Workers are not allowed to form
trade unions.
(c) Political, economic and social
equality is enjoyed by the people.
(c) There is no equality among the
people and they depend upon the
mercy of ruler.
(d) Freedom of Press is granted. (d) Freedom of Press is denied.
(e) Rulers are elected by the people. (e) Rulers are not elected by the
people.
3. Democracy
A Government for the people, by the people and of the people
and the rule of the Majority.
Types of Democracy
1. Direct democracy/ Pure democracy
2. Indirect democracy/ Representative
democracy/Modern democracy
4. TWO TALES OF DEMOCRACY
1.Democracy in Chille
2.Democracy in Poland
6. Salvador Allende
Salvador Allende was the President of
Chile country in South America.
He was the founder of the Socialist
Party of Chile who won the
Presidential Election in 1970.
Though his rule was overthrown by
the military just after three years on 11
September 1973.
7. Allende’s Rule
being elected as the President, he had taken several policy
to help poor i.e.
1. Reform of educational system.
2. Free milk for children.
3. Redistribution of land to the landless labours.
4. He also opposed foreign companies from taking
natural resources from the country.
8. Opposition of Allende
• The landlords
• The rich and the church
• Other political parties in Chille
9. The Defense Minister was arrested by the military when he arrived at the
office. The military commanders asked President to resign. Allende
refused to resign or to leave the country.
The military surrounded the President’s house and start bombing it.
President Allende DIED in the military attack.
10. End of Salvador Allende government
• On 11 september 1973, President Allende died in
the military attack
• This was the sacrifice he was talking about in his
last speech
• What took place in this story was military coup
led by General Augusto Pinochet army general
• The U.S.A gov.t was also unhappy with his rule
and have known to support the coup destroying
Allende.
11. Pinochet’s Rule
Pinochet became the President of the
country and ruled for the next 17 years.
From a government that was elected by
the people, the power shifted to the
military officers.
They could do as they wished and no one
could question them.
Thus a military dictatorship was
established in Chile.
Pinochet’s government tortured and killed
several of those who supported Allende
and those who wanted democracy to be
restored.
12. End to Pinochet Dictatorship
• It came to an end after he decided to hold
referendum.
REFERENDUM:- A direct vote in which an entire
electorate is asked to either accept or reject a
particular proposal.
13. • He got a confident that the result would be
‘yes’
• But he was wrong, their vote was decisive ‘no’
to Pinochet.
• He lost his power on political and military.
• The hope Allende express in his last speech
was realised:
felony, cowardice and treason were finally
punished.
• Pinochet gov.t was came to be known as not
very brutal, but also very corrupt.
14. - “I'm not a dictator. It's just that I have a grumpy face.”
(Augusto Pinochet)
15. Michelle Bachelet
o Michelle Bachelet daughter of
general Bachelet who was
imprisoned and tortured along with
her mother was elected president of
Chile in January 2006.
o A medical doctor and a moderate
socialist , Michelle became the first
women to be a defence minister in
Latin America.
o In the presidential elections she
defeated one of Chile’s richest men.
16. In her speech she says
“ Because I was the victim of hatred, I
have dedicated my life to reverse that
hatred and turn it into understanding,
tolerance and– why not say it- into love.”
17. Poland
• In 1980. Poland was ruled by the polished united
worker’s party
• Policy:
no political party was allowed to form
no right to choose leader and speak against gov.t
Government was supported and controlled by the
government of the soviet union(USSR)
18. • On 14 august 1980, the workers of lenin
shipyard in the city of Gdansk went on a strike
• Their demands:-
1. to take back a crane operator.
2. a woman worker who was unjustly
dismissed from the service
• Trade union was illegal, Lech Walesa an
electrician dismissed from service in 1976 for
demanding higher pay joined the strikers
19. • Their Demand:-
1. To form independent trade union
2. To release of political prisoners
3. End to censorship on press
• End of Strike
1. The workers led by Walesa signed a 21-point
agreement with the government
20. Result
• Formed trade union and right to strike
• Gdansk agreement was signed
• New trade union was formed, named
SOLIDARITY ( Solidarnosc in Polish )
• Revelations of widespread corruption and
mismanagement in the government made
matters worse
21. • General Jaruzelski, imposed martial law in
December 1981
• Thousands of solidarity members put in prison
• In 1988, solidarity again organised the strikes
• Polish gov.t became weaker
• The support from soviet union uncertain and
economic decline
22. Restoration of Democracy
• In April 1989, negotiations with Walesa
resulted in an agreement for free election
• Solidarity won 99 out of 100 seats of the
Senate
• In October 1990, Poland has its first
presidential elections in which more than one
party could contest.
• Walesa was elected President of Poland
23. Two Features of Democracy
• Only leaders elected by people should rule the
country
• People have freedom to express views,
freedom to organize and freedom to protest
24. Phases in the Expansion of Democracy
( period from 1975 to 2000 )
• In Europe:Modern democracy began during French
revolution.
• In Britain: Democracy started much before French
revolution and slowly progress. The power of
monarchy reduced and right to vote was given to more
and more people.
• In North America: British colonies in north America
declared themselves as independent in 1776 and
passing of time these colonies came together to form
united state of America. USA adopted democratic
constitution in 1787 but still right to vote was limited
to very few men.
25. • Asia and Africa: These were colonies
under the control of European nation. These
colonies struggle for independence and
became democracies immediately after
Second World War in 1945. India became
independent in 1947 and continues to be
democracy. Ghana (in Africa) could not remain
democracy for a long time.
27. GHANA
1.Ghana was British colony name Gold coast.
2. The struggle for freedom was led by Kwame
Nkrumah
3. Became free in 1957 and Nkrumah became first
prime minister and the president
4. Independent of Ghana inspired other countries
in Africa to struggle for freedom
5. In 1996 Nkrumah was overthrown by military
and could not remain democracy for longtime.
28. • 1991:
1. The Soviet Union itself broke down
2. Newly independent republic adopted
democratic government.
3. End of soviet power on East Europe and
break up of Soviet Union led to a big change in
the political map of world.
29. Democracy at the Global level:
United Nation Organization
(UNO)
• It was established in 1945 to
maintain peace in the world.
• It helps international law,
security, economic development,
social equality and human right.
• It was founded to replace the
league of nation to stop war and
to provide a platform for dialogue
• 193 members, election held every
year for president
• General assembly is like
parliament.
31. International Monetary fund (IMF)
• Biggest money lender for any country in the
world.
• All 187 members do not have equal voting right.
• USA, Japan, France, UK, Saudi Arab, China and
Russia have voting power.
32. World Bank
• President of the World Bank is nominated by
finance minister of US.
• President – citizen of US
34. Iraq:Country in western Asia:
• 1932 Independent from British rule
• 1968 Ruled by Arab socialist leading bath
party in which Saddam Hussein Played a key
role.
• 1979 Saddam Hussein becomes president and
dictatorship government.
• 2003 US invade Iraq and removed Saddam
from power.
• 2006 Saddam Hussein was died or killed.
36. Pakistan and Bangladesh
• Two countries made a transition from army
rule to democracy in 1990
• However, changes were not permanent in
Pakistan as in 1999 General Musharraf
brought back army rule there
37. Nepal
• Monarchy country
• Become constitutional monarchy
• In 2005, new king dismissed the elected
government and took back political freedom
• In 2007, abolition of the monarchy
• In2008, election was held
38. Myanmar
• earlier known as Burma.
• Gained freedom form colonial rule in 1948 and
became democratic.
• 1962 End of democratic rule with a military coup
• After 30 yrs first elected held in 1990.
• Aung San Suu Kyi (the national league for
democracy) won the election but the military
leader refused and didn’t recognize the election
39.
40. • Suu Kyi was under house arrest but has
continued the campaign for democracy.
• In 1991,She has been awarded the Noble
Peace Prize
• Yet the people of Mayanmar are still struggling
to establish democratic government in their
country
• In nov 2010, released from house arrest
