basic

1. COAL
SUMANTH
2210813264

2. Where is coal found?
• Coal reserves are available in
almost every country worldwide,
with recoverable reserves in
around 70 countries. The biggest
reserves are in the USA, Russia,
China and India.
• There are an estimated
892 billion tonnes of proven coal
reserves worldwide.
• This means that there is enough
coal to last us around 110 years
at current rates of production.

3. • In contrast, proven oil
and gas reserves are
equivalent to around
52 and 54 years at
current production
levels.
• After centuries of
mineral exploration,
the location, size and
characteristics of most
countries‘ coal
resources are quite well
known.

5. SINGARENI COAL MINE
 Singareni is a village located in khammam
district, Telangana, India.
 Coal reserves in the Telangana were first
found at village Singareni.
 There is a railway line from village Singareni
that meets Manuguru-Dornakal railway
at Karepalli junction.

6. The company is involved
in coal extraction in Telangana in
the Pranhita-Godavari Valley Region, which
has significant coal reserves, with proven
geological reserves estimated at 8791
million tonnes. Ramagundam is one of the
important operating area of singareni
collieries. There are three divisions ( RG-1,
RG-2, RG-3) and Adriyala project area in
ramagundam region. Each division is headed
by a general manager

7. TYPES OF COAL
• There are several different types of coal, that
have different properties usually dependent on
their age and the depth to which they have
been buried under other rocks.
• In some parts of the world (for example New
Zealand), coal development is accelerated by
volcanic heat or crustal stresses.

8. 1. PEAT COAL
 Upon drying, peat can be used as fuel.
 It has industrial importance as a fuel in some
countries, such as Ireland and Finland, where it
is harvested on an industrial scale.
 In many countries, including Ireland and
Scotland, where trees are often scarce, peat is
traditionally used for cooking and domestic
heating.

9.  In the report it is stated that peat could be classified as a
biomass fuel,so as to distinguish it from biofuels (such as
wood) and from fossil fuels (such as coal).
 According to the report, peat can be regarded as a
slowly renewable natural resource.

10. 2. LIGNITE COAL
 Lignite is geologically very young (upwards of
around 40,000 years).
 It is brown and can be soft and fibrous,
containing discernible plant material.
 It also contains large amounts of moisture
(around 70%).

11.  Because of its low energy density and typically high moisture content,
brown coal is inefficient to transport and is not traded extensively on the
world market compared with higher coal grades.
 Primarily because of latent high moisture content and low energy
density of brown coal, carbon dioxide emissions from traditional brown-
coal-fired plants are generally much higher per megawatt generated than
for comparable black-coal plants.

12. 3. BITMUOUS COAL
 In Australia, black coal ranges from Cretaceous
age (65 to 105 million years ago) to mid Permian
age (up to 260 million years ago).
 They are all black; some are sooty and still quite
high in moisture (sub-bituminous coal), including
the coal mined at Collie, which is sometimes
termed a “black lignite.”

13.  Coals that get more deeply buried by other rocks lose more moisture and start
to lose their oxygen and hydrogen
 These coals are harder and shinier (bituminous coal).
 Bituminous coal is a dense sedimentary rock, usually black coal.
 It is used primarily as fuel in steam-electric powergeneration,withsubstantial
quantities used for heat and power applications in manufacturing and to make
coke.

14. 4. ANTHRACITE COAL
 Anthracite is a hard, black, shiny form of coal that
contains virtually no moisture and very low volatile
content.
 Because of this, it burns with little or no smoke and is
sold as a “smokeless fuel”.
 In Australia, coals only approach anthracite
composition where bituminous coal seams have been
compressed further by local crustal movements (at
Yarrabee and Baralaba, both in Queensland).

15.  Anthracites can have energy contents
up to about 32 megajoules per
kilogram, depending on the ash
content.
 Coal rank has little to do with quality;
as a coal matures its ash content
actually increases as a proportion
because of the loss of moisture and
volatiles.
 Lower rank coals may have lower
energy contents, but they tend to be
more reactive (they burn faster)
because of their porosity and resultant
higher surface area.

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