The document discusses fossil fuels, which are fuels formed from the remains of ancient organisms. It defines fossil as the remains of prehistoric organisms preserved in rock and fuel as a material burned for energy. Fossil fuels are natural fuels like coal and gas formed from decomposed organisms. The five main fossil fuels are coal, natural gas, oil, petroleum, and liquefied petroleum gas. Fossil fuels are widely used for electricity generation, heating, and transportation. While they provide high energy and are abundant, their use also causes environmental issues like depletion, greenhouse gas emissions, and pollution. Examples of fossil fuel power plants in the Philippines include coal, natural gas, and oil-fired facilities.

1. FOSSIL
FUELS
GROUP 1

3. What is FOSSIL?
• the remains or impression
of a prehistoric organism
preserved in petrified
form or as a mold or cast
in rock.

4. What is FUEL?
• material such as coal, gas, or
oil that is burned to produce
heat or power.
• supply or power (an industrial
plant, vehicle, or machine)
with fuel.

5. What do we Mean by FOSSIL FUEL?
any naturally occurring carbon or hydrocarb
on fuel, such as coal, petroleum, peat,
and natural gas, formed by the
decomposition of prehistoric organisms
a natural fuel such as coal or gas, formed in
the geological past from the remains of
living organisms.

6. There are five main
fossil fuels:

7. COAL
• is a flammable black or brown
organic sedimentary rock. It’s mostly
carbon and is typically found as
layers (coal beds) or veins (coal
seams).

8. NATURAL GAS
is a combustible mix of hydrocarbon
gases. It’s colourless and consists mainly
of methane (CH4). ‘Conventional gas’ is
easily extracted; ‘unconventional gas’
requires more sophisticated extraction
technologies.

9. OIL
• is mostly known as crude oil or
condensate, but includes all liquid
hydrocarbon fossil fuels. Petroleum and
liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) are the
most common types of fuel obtained
from oil extraction and refining.

10. PETROLEUM
• is a liquid fuel made of hydrocarbons
and other liquid organic
compounds. It refers to both
naturally occurring unprocessed
crude oils and petroleum products
made of refined crude oil.

11. LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS
• is heavier than natural gas. Although
gaseous under normal atmospheric
conditions, LPG is stored under modest
pressures in its liquid form and so can
be more easily transported and stored.

12. Orimulsion
• It is a fuel, alternative to oil fuel (and to coal)
that, with the same environmental impact, is
cheaper than oil and similar to coal.
• Orimulsion is extracted from the fields of
Orinoco river in Venezuela and it is a mixture
of natural bitumen (70%) and fresh water
(30%).

13. Uses for Fossil
Fuels

14. Electricity
• Coal alone provides half the electricity in
the United States. The U.S. Department
of Energy expects about 90 percent of
the power plants built between 2009 and
2029 to use natural gas. Fossil fuel use in
general also is expected to rise because
of increased power demands.

15. Heating
• Oil and natural gas are commonly
used for heating homes as well as
providing heat for industrial
applications.

16. Transportation
• Oil supplies 99 percent of the
energy for cars in the form of
gasoline and diesel. Natural
gas technologies also are being
developed for automobiles.

17. Fossil Fuels:
Advantages and
Disadvantages

18. Advantages
• Fossil fuels have a very high calorific value. Thus,
burning 1 gm of fossil fuel releases tremendous
amount of energy. Thus, the energy produced by
fossil fuels is greater than that produced by an
equivalent amount of other energy resource.
• The reservoirs of fossil fuels are pretty easy to locate
with the help of advanced equipment and
technology.

19. Advantages
• Coal is a fossil fuel that is found in
abundance. It is used in most power plants
because it reduces the production cost to a
great extent.
• Transportation of fossil fuels that are in
liquid or gaseous forms is very easy. They are
simply transported through pipes.

20. Advantages
• Construction of power plants that work on fossil
fuels is also easy.
• Petroleum is the most predominantly used form
of fossil fuels for all types of vehicles.
• Fossil fuels are easier to extract and process,
hence are cheaper than the non-conventional
forms of energy.

21. Disadvantages
• Although, oil, natural gas and coal are found in
abundance in nature, the alarming rate at which
they are being consumed has resulted in
substantial depletion of their reservoirs. Besides,
it is impossible to replenish the resources as it
takes millions of years for the hydrocarbon
chains to form from organic remains.

22. Disadvantages
• The hydrocarbons present in the fossil fuels,
release greenhouse gases, such as methane,
carbon dioxide etc., which are capable of
damaging the ozone layer.
• Besides, other harmful gases such as carbon
monoxide and sulfur dioxide are responsible for
acid rain, which has spelled disaster for the
ecology.

23. Disadvantages
• Extraction of fossil fuels has endangered the
environmental balance in some areas. Moreover,
coal mining has jeopardized the lives of several
mine workers.
• The depletion of reservoirs has made the
extraction of fossil fuels an expensive affair. This is
likely to affect the fuel prices in near future.

24. Disadvantages
• Leakage of some fossil fuels, such as natural
gas, crude oil can lead to severe hazards.
Hence, transportation of these fuels is very
risky.
• Fossil fuels have contributed in more than
one way for global warming, the issue that is
being combated all over the world.

25. Examples of
Power Plant
in the
Philippines

26. Mariveles Coal-Fired Power
Plant is a coal power
plant in Mariveles, Bataan. The
600-MW facility was connected
to the Luzonpower grid in
2013. The facility was a joint
project of GN Power Mariveles
Coal Plant Ltd Co. and AC
Energy.

27. Ilijan Combined-Cycle Power Plant is
a dual-fuel power station in
Ilijan, Batangas City. It is primarily
a natural gas plant and uses distillate
oil as a secondary back-up fuel
source. With the nameplate capacity
of 1200 MW, it is the largest natural
gas facility in the Philippines. The
plant is designed to draw natural gas
from the Malampaya gas field.

28. Sucat Thermal Power Plant was an oil-
fired steam turbine plant
in Muntinlupa commissioned in 1968. The
plant was fully decommissioned in 2002.
The land occupied by the facility is
planned to be auctioned by the
government to private bidders in late 2015
or early 2016 on conditions that the
property will be kept as a power-
generation site.

29. Petron Bataan Refinery (PBR) is
the largest refinery in the Philippines.
It is located within the Limay
municipality of Bataan province. It
processes crude oil to produce a full
range of petroleum products,
including gasoline, jet fuel, industrial
fuel oil, diesel, kerosene and liquefied
petroleum gas (LPG).

30. Dalhousie Generating
Station was a 315 MW coal
and oil-fired electrical
generating station that
operated from 1969-2012 in
the community
of Dalhousie in Restigouche
County, New Brunswick.

31. Group 1:
Syreal Jane Pajalla
Genevieve Monteron
Jingle Fulgencio
Mary Rose Galarpe
Juennie Lou Tuibuen
Leah Jean Bagaan
Lloyd Propia