The 18th century saw major political developments in India with the arrival of European trading powers like the British, French, Dutch, and Portuguese who were attracted by the riches of Indian spice trade. Over time the British transformed from traders to political rulers, establishing control over large areas. British rule over India introduced sweeping changes administratively, politically, economically, and culturally and unified India under their control.

1. CHAPTER : 1
WHEN, WHERE AND HOW ?
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The 18 th century ushered in a host of political
developments which had significant
consequences.
The advent of British in India , first as traders
and later as political rulers of the land , brought a
new era in Indian history.
British rule introduced sweeping changes in
political, economic and social spheres.

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Towards the turn of the 15 th century ,
traders from Portugal, France ,Spain and
Holland(now Netherlands) also came to India.
Europeans were lured by the riches and
immense wealth of the spice trade.
In 16 th century the British , the French and
the Dutch were setting up trading factories
which led to flourishing trade.

5. *
*Sir Josiah Child, the chairman of the court of
directors of English East India Company.
*The Company felt the need to grow from a quiet
trade to lay foundation of a large , well grounded
sure English dominion for all time to come.
*The British believed that seizing political power from
the Indian rulers would give them unmatched access
to the wealth and resources of India.
• SIR JOSIAH CHILD

6. *
*In the first half of the 18 th century when
European trading companies began to gain a
political foothold in India.
*A glimpse into the impact of British rule in
administrative, political, economic, educational
and cultural spheres.
*Imperialism – a system wherein a country
established its rule over other countries, became
widespread across the world.
• IMPERIALISM

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Areas or country controlled by the British were
called Crown Colonies.
British rule unified parts of the country into
one unit- India.
Apart from the areas ruled by the British ,
there also existed many Princely states and
Presidencies.

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British transformed themselves into ruling power
, their presence became more visible and
permanent.
Colonization refers to the practice of one nation
establishing its presence in another. Oftentimes,
this is done by force or by being the first to
discover a new nation.
Nationalism is a strong attachment to a particular
country, or nation. It is also called patriotism.

11. *
Bungalow was designed to house British officers.
The hill Station was refuge during hot summers. ( Ooty,
Shimla , Darjeeling and Nainital).
Civil Lines or Exclusive residential areas constructed
for senior officers of the British government called
White Town.
Club was social centre where ‘games and amusements
and other recreational activities.

12. Gymkhana was devoted to outdoor sports
Cantonments-. Instead of building fortresses,
they constructed cantonments.
Barracks were also constructed to house troops.
Administrative buildings were erected in Delhi
and the presidencies of Madras, Bombay, Calcutta
and may other cities.

13. 1526-1530
BABUR
1530-1556
HUMAYUN
1605-1627
JAHANGIR
1528-1658
SHAH JAHAN
1556-1605
AKBAR
1659-1707
AURANGZEB

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*The Red Fort is a historic fort in the
city of Delhi in India, which served
as the main residence of the Mughal
Emperors. Emperor Shah
Jahan commissioned construction of
the Red Fort on 12 May 1638, when
he decided to shift his capital from
Agra to Delhi. Originally red and
white, Shah Jahan's favourite
colours, its design is credited to
architect Ustad Ahmad Lahori, who
also constructed the Taj Mahal. It
was constructed between May 1639
and April 1648