1. •The main objectives of this course include
•Introducing the historical perspective of Pakistan.
•Ideological background of Pakistan.
•Government formation and its functioning, politics
and contemporary Pakistan.
•You will study the process of governance, national
development, issues arising in the modern age and
challenges posing to the Pakistan.
Course Objectives
Course: Pakistan Studies | Lecture: Introduction
2. • Historical Perspective: Ideological rationale with special reference to
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Allama Muhammad Iqbal and Quaid-e-Azam
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
• Factors leading to Muslim, people and land separatism
• Location and geo-physical features
• Government and Politics in Pakistan; Political and constitutional
phases of 1947-58, 1958-71, 1971-77, 1977-88, 1988-99, 1999 and
onwards
• Contemporary Pakistan: Economic 161 institutions and issues, society
and social structure, ethnicity; Foreign policy of Pakistan and
challenges;
• Futuristic outlook of Pakistan.
Course Outline
Course: Pakistan Studies | Lecture: Introduction
3. 1. Burki, Shahid J. State and Society in Pakistan. Macmillan, 1980.
2. Zaidi, S. Akbar. Issues in Pakistan’s Economy. Oxford, 2000.
3. Mahmood, Safdar. Pakistan: Political Roots and Development 1947-
1999. Lahore, 1994.
4. Afzal, M. Rafique. Political Parties in Pakistan, Vol. I, II, and III,
Islamabad: National Institute of Historical and cultural Research,
1998.
5. Haq, Noor ul. Making of Pakistan: The Military Perspective.
Islamabad: National Commission on Historical and Cultural
Research, 1993.
Helping Books
Course: Pakistan Studies | Lecture: Introduction
4. • Subcontinent which is used to be called “Golden Sparrow” Had been ruled
by many outsiders.
• Around 420 years ago British was ruled by Queen Alizebth 1st
• Britain was an agricultural country at that time, and It just coming out of
civil war.
• It was producer of only 3% of world products, whereas Sub-Continent was
producing around 25% of world’s industrial outputs and It was considered
amongst the world’s richest courtiers.
• India was major player in the world export market for textiles in early 18th
century.
• Jalaludin Akbar was ruling at that time, who was considered as worlds
richest ruler of the world at that time with total net worth of 13 billion
dollars.
1. Historical Perspective:
Formation of East India Company
Course: Pakistan Studies | Lecture: Historical Perspective
5. ➢ At that time the Indian trade was ruled by Dutch’s and Portuguese
➢Looting others trade ships was a common practice at that time
➢Therefore, traders used to make a company and seek approval from
the government for trade activities
➢East-India company also seek permission in 31 dec 1600, from queen
Alizebth to trade in India.
➢It was allowed to work only for 16 years
➢William hawking come to India and settled in Gujrat with only one
ship
➢Akbar died in 1605
➢East-India initially starting trading in shore areas.
1. Historical Perspective:
Formation of East India Company
Course: Pakistan Studies | Lecture: Historical Perspective
6. ➢They faced problems in trade as the Dutch Pirates used to loot their
ships
➢Mughals allowed them to establish more trade points in India.
➢Initially EIC focused only on trade.
➢Company used to export Cotton, Potassium Nitrate, Tea, etc., and it
started gaining huge profits.
➢Company built a fort in Chennai in 1625, called Fort Saint Jorge.
Which then expanded to a city.
➢Slowly they started the expand their footings and started building
more forts
➢They built 23 factories until 1647 in different cities
1. Historical Perspective:
Formation of East India Company
Course: Pakistan Studies | Lecture: Historical Perspective
7. ➢Britishers were not the only one who were trading in India at that
time. French’s and other nations had also established trade
companies in India
➢The conflict between Britain and France had effects in India too.
➢East-India company called on help from Britain to tackle with
French’s, Portuguese, and Dutch’s
➢Then it started occupying some of the parts of west side of india
➢War of Child 1686.(19 jet fighters, 200 Conons and 600 military
personals joined from Britain)
➢Aurangzeb Alamgir was ruler at that time
➢Britches were beaten very badly
1. Historical Perspective:
Formation of East India Company
Course: Pakistan Studies | Lecture: Historical Perspective
8. ➢East India Company sent two envoys to the Emperor at Bijapore in 1690 to
propose terms of peace and plead for pardon. Company paid a large
indemnity and promised better behavior in future.
➢Trade with China
➢Cultivated post in Bengal and started exporting to China
➢China-Britain war
➢ Alamgir Aurangzeb died in 1707, which shattered Government matters
➢East India company started looting India, and looted around 43 trillion
dollars worth
➢Sirajud-dola stopped britishes lootings
➢Battle of Plassi (1757) and Meer Jaffar
➢Meer Jaffer was given power
1. Historical Perspective:
Formation of East India Company
Course: Pakistan Studies | Lecture: Historical Perspective
9. ➢East India Company Conquered Bengal in 1765
➢East India company expanded its footings and beat last Influential Mughal
Emporer Shah Alam in 1765, and confined to Delhi only
➢After Shah Alam, the kingship was transferred to Akbar Shah Sani and
Buhadur shah Zafar (Last Mughal Emperor) until 1857.
➢Apparently, these Mughal Emperors were just showpieces, and East-India
Company was mainly ruling over 200 million people and collecting all
financial benefits.
➢Tipu Sultan beats Britshes in two wars
➢Britshers defeated Tipu with the help of Marhatas
➢Britches defeated Tipu with the help of Marhatas
➢Tipu was martyred in 1799, and with that it became an open field for East-
India Company to rule Sub-continent
1. Historical Perspective:
Formation of East India Company
Course: Pakistan Studies | Lecture: Historical Perspective
10. ➢Meanwhile in 1813, British Parliament passed a chartered resolution
to squeeze the activities of East-India company
➢In 1834, British government of India took the trade rights from East
India company and transformed it into managing company.
1. Historical Perspective:
Fall of East India Company
Course: Pakistan Studies | Lecture: Historical Perspective
