class 8

1. India—The largest democratic country

3. • 15th august 1947
• People – joined struggle –inspired by the
idea of freedom , equality, participation in
decision making
• Indians did not agree -decisions that they
took
• With high pressure of Indian National
Congress ,British Government allowed to
discuss the budget and ask questions.

4. • The Government of India Act 1909 -allowed -
indirect election to the Legislative Assembly.
National leaders - not satisfied with this.
• Take off points – democracy- desire , approval
and participation of people.
• The individual –give approval-to the
government- through elections.

7. • What does Parliament consist of?

8. The Parliament of India consists of
The
President
Lok
Sabha
Rajya
Sabha

10. Lok Sabha
Lower House: House of the
People:
• Maximum strength- 552
• 530 members from states
• 20 members from Union
Territories
• 2 members from Anglo-Indian
community (nominated by
President)
• Presided by the Speaker
• Members are elected for 5
years
Rajya Sabha
• Upper House: Council of
States:Permanent House
• Maximum-250 seats
• 238 seats selected by
states&Union Territories and 12
members nominated by
President
• Presided by the chairman (Vice
President)
• Members are elected for six
years

11. 1.To Select the National Government
2.To Control,Guide and Inform the Government
3.Law-Making

12. 1.To Select the National Government
• The Parliament consist .
• After Lok sabha election- list prepared- 543+ 2
elected member- 272 member - Form a government
• Opposition party
• Select executive.
• The Prime minister -the leader – Ruling party –
select – ministers – given charge – education , health
, finance.
• Coalition Government.
• Rajya sabha – a bill – required to pass – become a
law.
• Important role - Reviewing ,altering the law.

13. 2.To Control,Guide and Inform the Government
• Generally, the first hour of a sitting of Lok Sabha
is devoted to Questions and that hour is called
the Question Hour..
• MPs of Parliament are free to ask questions to
ministers of the government to get information
on public concern matters.
Opposition party- play role- healthy function –
highlights drawbacks- policies, programmes
Governments – gets valuable feedback
This ways parliament – control ,guides , informs
government

14. 3.Law-Making
• First reading - introduction stage
• Second reading - discussion stage
• Third reading - voting stage
• President's assent

15. Who are the people in Parliament
• People – different background
• Seats – reserved
• MPs elected –represent Dalit and Adivasi
interest in Parliament.
• Reservation for women – 60 years ago – 4 %
MPs –today – above 9% .

21. The Parliament can introduce new laws and
change the old ones.
A law is first introduced in the form of a bill.
A bill is the draft of a proposed law.

22. Three Categories of Bills:

23. Money Bill
• introduced only in the Lok Sabha and only by
the ruling party.
• Lok Sabha is more powerful on the issue of
money bill.
• The Speaker of the Lok Sabha has to certify it
as a money bill.
• After three readings in the Lok Sabha ,the bill
is sent to the Rajya Sabha.
• The Rajya Sabha can only make suggestions.

24. Ordinary Bills
• Any member may introduce.
• can- intoduced either in the Lok Sabha or in
the Rajya Sabha.
• Once the bill is passed in one House after their
reedings , it goes to the other House.
• If the second House wants to change the bill,it
may send to the House where it originated.

25. • If the House of origin refuses to make change ,up
to six month a deadlock is created.
• Then the President will call for a joint session of
both the Houses.
• After discussion, the bill will be passed.
• Then it goes to the President .
• If the President signs the bill, then it becomes a
law.
• This law is then called an Act.

26. Constitutional Bill
• This bill is used to the constitutional
Amendment
• This can be introduced either in the Lok Sabha
or in the Rajya Sabha.

27. ?
• Who controls and guides the government?
• Which is the supreme law-making institution in
India?
• What are the various types of bills?
• How are the members of Lok Sabha elected?
• How are the members of Rajya Sabha elected?
• Which one House of the Parliament is more
powerful?

29. 1.What is the take off point for a
democracy?
The take-off point for a democracy is
the idea of consent,i.e. the desire,
approval and participation of people.
It is the decision of the people that
creates a democratic government and
decides its functioning.

30. 2.Bring out the differences between Lok
Sabha and Rajya Sabha.
Lok Sabha
o Members of Lok Sabha are
directly elected by the people.
o The life of every LokSabha is 5
years only until dissolved
earlier
o Money Bills can only be
introduced in Lok Sabha. Also
it is Lok Sabha which grants
the money for running the
administration of the country
Rajya Sabha
o Members of Rajya Sabha are
elected indirectly by the
elected members of State
Legislative Assemblies.
o Rajya Sabha is a permanent
body.
o Rajya Sabha had no say in this
regard.

31. 3.What role does the opposition plays
in the Parliament?
a.The objective of the members of thopposition
parties is to point out the shortcomingsof the
governmentalpolicies.
b. The government takes account of the issues
and question raised during the sessions of the
parliament andtake actions accordingly.
c.It makes use of the media to reach the people
with its views and tries to establish as an
alternative government.

32. 4.How does the Parliament act as a
platform for the different classes of India?
• The Parliament is made of the members of
different parties; now a days people from
different groups of society become members of
these parties and ultimately the Member of
Parliament after election. The people from
different background classes like OBCs, SCs and
STs, minorities and women are getting
representation. This is done through reservation
of particular seats for the SCs, STs and OBCs,
while there is a talk going on about reservation
for women.

33. 5.Mention any four functions of the
Speaker of Lok Sabha.
a. He/she allows the members to ask questions.
b. No member can address the House without
the permission of the Speaker.
c. He/she preserves order in the House.
d. He/she presides over the meetings of the
House.

34. 6.Describe the Judicial power of the
Parliament?
 The Parliament can remove the President .
 The Parliament can also remove the Vice-
President.
 The Parliament can remove the judges of High
Court by passing a resolution to that effect.

35. 7.What do you mean by ‘Question Hour’?
• The Parliament in session,begins with a ‘Question
Hour’.the question hour is an important
mechanism through which MPs highlight
information about the working of the
government.In this way the government also
comes to know about the opinion of the people
through their MPs.During question hour the
opposition parties play an important role in the
healthy functioning of a democracy.They highlight
the drawbacks in various policies of the
government and try to get support in favour of
their own policies.

36. 8.What are the functions of Rajya
Sabha?
• The Rajya Sabha functions primarily as a
representative of the states of india.It has the
power to initiative legislation.A bill is required
to pass through the Rajya Sabha in order to
become a law.It,therefore, has an important
role of reviewing and altering the laws
initiated by the Lok Sabha.

37. 9.What is the difference between a bill
& a law?
• A bill is the draft of a proposed law. It is
introduced in the Parliament for making
law.When a bill is passed by both the House
and it receives the assent of the president
then it becomes a law.

38. • The president of India holds office for a period of:-
a. 6, b. 5, c. 7, d. 4
• ”EVM” for the first time used in:-
a. 2007, b. 2004, c. 2003, d. 1990
• What did universal adult franchise mean:-
a. Right to vote, b. Right to freedom
c. Right to equality, d. Right to adult freedom
• The parliament of India has ______ houses
a. 2, b. 6, c. 7, d. 3
• Rajya sabha has ________ members
a. 245b. 250c. 238d. 219

39. • Lok sabha contains:-
a. 550, b. 552, c. 545, d. None of these
• How many members are nominated in Rajya
sabha by president?
a. 10, b. 12, c. 15, d. 20
• How many members are nominated in Lok
sabha by president?
a. 2, b. 4, c. 5, d. 7
• Parliament of India is _______ law making
institution
a. Midst, b. Supreme, c. Lowest, d. All of above

40. • Who is the leader of ruling party in the lok sabha?
a. Prime minister, b. President
c. Speaker of lok sabha, d. All of these
• The parliament is begin with _______
a. Question hour, b. Zero hour
c. Both (a) & (b), d. None of these
• Who highlights the drawback of various policies?
a. BJP, b. Members of parliament,
c. Member of legislative, d. Opposition party
• When was 1st election held in India?
a. 1951, b. 1984, c. 1971, d. 1964

41. • The parliament of India consists:-
a. President, lok sabha, Rajya sabha
b. Prime minister, lok sabha, Rajya sabha
c. Vice- president, Rajya sabha, d. None of these
• EVM’ means
a. Electronic voting machine
• b. Election voting machine
c. Equal vote measure, d. None of these
• Who is the presiding officer of the Rajya Sabha?
a. The President, b. Vice-President, c. PM, d.Finance
minister•

42. • Members of Parliament are representatives of
a. Government, b. People,
c. party, d. None of these
• If the president has to resign, he sends his
resignation to:-
a. Prime minister, b. Vice president
c. Chief minister, d. Lok sabha speaker
• How many times should the Parliament meet in a
year?
a.Once, b. Twice, c. Thrice, d. none of these