This slide about understanding laws

2. Parliament Of India
Rajya Sabha Lok Sabha

3. How Bill Are Passed
If either chamber does not pass the bill then
it dies. If the House and Senate pass the
same bill then it is sent to the President. If
the House and Senate pass different bills they
are sent to Conference Committee. Most
major legislation goes to a Conference
Committee.

4. What is Bill in Parliament
In Parliament, a bill is a proposal for a new
law or a change to an existing one. If it is
passed by the Parliament, it becomes a law,
also known as an Act of Parliament.

5. How a Bill Becomes a Law?

6. Do laws Apply to All?
 Yes all are Equal Before law
 The law cannot discriminate anyone
on basis of religion , caste and gender.
 If he/she is rich ,poor ,minister ,
president .He / She is equal before law .

7. Now Let us have a look at one law ,passed by the British that was
unreasonable from the view points of Indians .
SEDICTION ACT OF 1870.
According to this Act any person protesting or criticizing the British
government could be arrested without due trial.
The Consequence of the Sedition Act
• Indian nationalists began protesting and criticizing this arbitrary
use of authority by the British.
•They also began fighting for greater equality and wanted to change
the idea of law from a set of rules that they were forced to obey, to
law as including ideas of justice.
•By the end of the nineteenth century, the Indians started asserting
themselves in the colonial courts.
•The Indian Legal profession began emerging as a force to reckon
with and
the Indians demanded respect in the courts.

8. •Indians started using law to defend their legal rights.
•Indian judges began to play a greater role in making decisions.
 How do new laws come about ?
Parliament has an important role in making laws.
Often, different groups in the society raise the need for a
particular law.
From establishing the need for a new law to its being
passed, at every stage of the process, the voice of the
citizen is a crucial element.

9. Unpopular and controversial laws
Some laws passed by the Parliament
have been unpopular and not accepted by
the people. Sometimes a law can be
constitutionally valid and hence legal,
but it can continue to be unpopular and
unacceptable to people because they
feel that the intention behind it is unfair
and harmful.

10. In a Democratic country like India, citizens have a right to express
their views in case they are not happy with a particular law. Then
People can …
i. Hold public meetings
ii. Write about it in newspapers
iii. Report to TV news channels
iv. Organize protest marches
v. Hold rallies
vi. Go on hunger strikes
vii.In a democracy like India, citizens can express their
unwillingness to accept repressive laws framed by the
Parliament.
viii.When a large number of people begin to feel that a wrong law
has been passed, then there is pressure on the Parliament to
change this.
Let us look at a law that is controversial
Pavement shops provide a variety of things at a very reasonable
price to the public. These pavement shops are very popular in all
the cities.
At the same time pavement shop cause hindrance to people who
walk on the pavement and even obstruct traffic in some place.

11. Hence, if the law favors one group and disregards the other it will
be controversial and lead to conflict. People who think that the law
is not fair can approach the court to decide on the issue. The court
has the power to modify or cancel laws if it finds that they don’t
adhere to the Constitution. The citizens of every nation have to
remember that the role as citizens does not end with electing their
representatives.
The citizens have to be aware of what is happening around through
newspaper and the media and review the work done by their
elected representatives. The citizens have a right to criticize the
actions of the government if they feel there is a need to do so.
Hence, it is the extent, involvement and enthusiasm of the people
that helps the Parliament perform its representative functions
properly

12. THANK YOU