The document discusses variations in root and root canal morphology in maxillary molars. It summarizes that the maxillary first molar most commonly has 3 roots but may rarely have 1, 4, or 5 roots. The maxillary second molar commonly has 3 roots and root canals but may have 1, 2, or 4 roots. The maxillary third molar shows considerable variation, with studies finding 56% having a single root, 24% having 2 roots, 13% having 3 roots, and 7% having 4 roots. Root canals in the maxillary third molar were most commonly 3 canals but may range from 1-5 canals. Understanding variations is important for successful root canal treatment and extraction.

1. MADE BY : NORA ELSAYED IBRAHIM SOHILA MAHMOUD
MOHAMED
NADA TAREK MOHAMED AYA YASSER MASRY
UNDER SUPERVISION OF : A.PROF. SAMAH MOHAMMED KAMEL

2. VARIATIONS IN ROOT AND ROOT
CANAL IN MAXILLARY MOLARS

3. What does term
variation means?
Variation: It is the difference or diversity that
occurs either in (number-structure-shape).
This variation occurs due to several conditions
as genes(that inherited from parents)-
environmental conditions-………etc

4.  THE VARIATION IN THE MAXILLARY 1ST PERMANENT
MOLAR:-
• IT HAS THE MOST COMPLICATED ROOT AND ROOT CANAL AMONG ALL OF THE MAXILLARY
TEETH.
• THESE VARIATIONS IS REPRESENTED AT THE NUMBER OF ROOTS AND THE NUMBER OF ROOT
CANALS IN EACH OF THEM.
NO. OF ROOTS MAY BE:-
COMMONLY IT HAS 3 ROOTS .
IN RARE CASES THEY MAY BE:-
1. ONE ROOT
2. 4 ROOTS
3. 5 ROOTS

5.  VARIATION IN THE NUMBER OF ROOT
CANALS ACCORDING TO THAT OF
ROOTS:-
• THE MOST COMMON HAS 4 ROOT CANAL (3 ROOTS):-
1. THE WIDE MESIOBUCCAL ROOT 2 ROOT CANALS
2. DISTOBUCCAL ROOT SINGLE ROOT CANAL
3. PALATAL ROOT SINGLE ROOT CANAL
• IN SOME RARE CASES:-
THERE MAY BE 5 ROOT CANALS
6 OR 7 ROOT CANALS
C-SHAPED ROOT CANAL

7.  VARIATION IN THE MAXILLARY 2ND
PERMANENT MOLAR:-
 COMMONLY THERE ARE THREE ROOTS WITH 3 ROOT CANALS IN MAXILLARY
2ND MOLAR.
 VARIATIONS IN ITS ROOT ANATOMY HAVE RANGED FROM A SINGLE ROOT
WITH SINGLE CANAL TO AS MANY AS 5 ROOTS.

8.  VARIATION IN ROOTS OF THE MAXILLARY
2ND MOLAR:-
• ARE CONSIDERABLY:-
1. ONE ROOT .
2. TWO ROOTS.
3. FOUR ROOTS.

9.  THE VARIATION IN ROOT CANAL COULD BE
ONE OF THE FOLLOWING:-
SINGLE CANAL
1. IT IS SINGLE BUT
CONSIDERABLY LARGE
OPENING FOUND IN THE
CENTER OF THE PULP
CHAMBER FLOOR.
2. SINGLE ROOT AND SINGLE
CANAL.
3. WE CAN SEE IT AND
SUSPECTED FROM THE
RADIOGRAPH.
TWO CANAL
THERE IS ONE MESIAL AND
ONE DISTAL CANAL
CONNECTED BY A
DEVELOPMENT FUSION
LINE AT THE CHAMBER
FLOOR WAS FOUND.
FIVE CANAL
1. THERE IS A MESIOBUCCAL
AND MESIOLINGUAL CANAL
WERE FOUND TO BE LOCATED
VERY FAR FROM EACH OTHER
.
2. TWO ATHOR CANALS WERE
LOCATED DISTOBUCCALLY
AND DISTOLINGUALLY .
3. THE PRESENCE OF FIVE
CANALS AT THE MIDDLE OF
MESIAL CANALS.

10. VARIATION IN MAXILLARY 3RD
MOLAR
• MAXILLARY THIRD MOLARS SHOW CONSIDERABLE
VARIATIONS IN:-
1. SIZE.
2. CONTOUR .
3. AND RELATIVE POSITION TO OTHER TEETH.

11.  VARIATION IN NUMBER OF ROOTS/ROOT
CANALS
• THE NUMBER OF ROOTS IN MAXILLARY 3RD MOLAR TEETH
RANGES FROM ONE TO FIVE.
• THE NUMBER OF ENCASED ROOT CANALS HAVE BEEN REPORTED
FROM ONE TO SIX.

12.  VARIATION OF ROOT IN MAXILLARY 3RD
MOLAR
• THE INSPECTION OF 200 EXTRACTED MAXILLARY THIRD MOLARS , IT WAS
FOUND THAT :-
1. 56% (112) HAD SINGLE/FUSED ROOTS (FIGURE 1)
2. 24% (48) HAD TWO SEPARATE ROOTS (FIGURE 2)
3. 13% (26) HAD THREE SEPARATE ROOTS (FIGURE 3)
4. 7% (14) HAD FOUR SEPARATE ROOTS (FIGURE 4)

13.  VARIATION OF ROOT CANAL IN MAXILLARY
3RD MOLAR
• IT IS VERY IMPORTANT TO STUDY THE VARIATION IN THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE
ROOT CANAL AS IT HELPS IN SUCCESFULLY EXTRACTION OF THE TOOTH .
• A STUDY WAS PERFORMED ON116 MOLAR AND AS A RESULT THEY ARRANGED THE
NUMBER OF THE ROOT CANALS FROM THE MOST TO THE LEAST COMMON :-
1. 3 ROOT CANALS(37.9%)
2. 4 ROOT CANALS(24.1%)
3. 1ROOT CANAL(19%)
4. 5 ROOT CANALS (3.4%)

14.  THE RESOURCES:-
• HTTPS://WWW.NCBI.NLM.NIH.GOV/PMC/ARTICLES/PMC3570973/ 2013 JAN 20
• HTTPS://WWW.GOOGLE.COM/URL?SA=T&SOURCE=WEB&RCT=J&URL=HTTPS://WWW.DENTI
STRYTODAY.COM/ENDODONTICS/9648-MANAGEMENT-OF-A-MAXILLARY-SECOND-
MOLAR&VED=2AHUKEWJX3CFA-
NTOAHXTZOUKHXUHBUCQFJABEGQICXAG&USG=AOVVAW0TCX9WZU6IHYJTF4Y4Y1ED
14AUGUST 2013
• HTTPS://WWW.GOOGLE.COM/URL?SA=T&SOURCE=WEB&RCT=J&URL=HTTPS://ACTASCIENTI
FIC.COM/ASDS/PDF/ASDS-02-0118.PDF&VED=2AHUKEWJPV4HE3-
XOAHUH_BQKHVYCD2WQFJAAEGQIARAB&USG=AOVVAW10PBSPV8N9E9IN8FDV2_KJ 2018