Presentation on amino acids, tyrosine.

1. Tyrosine
Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA
Departamento de Química Biológica
Curso de Graduação em Química
Rubem Francisco Silva Bezerra
Biochemistry

2. Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA
Departamento de Química Biológica
Curso de Graduação em Química
Rubem Francisco Silva Bezerra
Biochemistry
R aromatic group
Abbreviation/symbol: Tyr , Y
Occurrence in proteins (%): 3,2
Non-essential
Pka: 2,20
Pka: 9,11
*Group R, Pka: 10,07
*Protonated amine
Almost all biological compounds with a chiral
center occur naturally in only one stereoisomeric
form, D or L. Amino acid residues in protein
molecules are exclusively L-stereoisomers.
Tyrosine or L-tyrosine

3. Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA
Departamento de Química Biológica
Curso de Graduação em Química
Rubem Francisco Silva Bezerra
Biochemistry
Tyr
Códons UAC and UAU
Hydrogen bonds
Important functional group in some enzymes.
Tyrosine and tryptophan are significantly more polar than phenylalanine
Trp

4. Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA
Departamento de Química Biológica
Curso de Graduação em Química
Rubem Francisco Silva Bezerra
Biochemistry
Absorb ultraviolet light

5. Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA
Departamento de Química Biológica
Curso de Graduação em Química
Rubem Francisco Silva Bezerra
Biochemistry
Functions
Phenol
● Participation in signal transduction processes
● Functions as a receiver of phosphate groups that are
transferred by way of protein kinases.
● Phosphorylation of the hydroxyl group can change
the activity of the target protein, or may form part
of a signaling cascade via SH2 domain binding.
● Residue also plays an important role in photosynthesis.
(It acts as an electron donor in the reduction of oxidized chlorophyll.)

6. Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA
Departamento de Química Biológica
Curso de Graduação em Química
Rubem Francisco Silva Bezerra
Biochemistry
Dietary requirements and sources
Is found in many high-protein food products such as chicken, turkey, fish, milk, yogurt.
But also in avocados and bananas.

7. Biosynthesis
Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA
Departamento de Química Biológica
Curso de Graduação em Química
Rubem Francisco Silva Bezerra
Biochemistry
In plants and most microorganisms, tyr is produced via prephenate, Prephenate is oxidatively
decarboxylated with retention of the hydroxyl group to give p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate, which is
transaminated using glutamate as the nitrogen source to give tyrosine.

8. Metabolism
Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA
Departamento de Química Biológica
Curso de Graduação em Química
Rubem Francisco Silva Bezerra
Biochemistry

9. Metabolism
(Phosphorylation and sulfation)
Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA
Departamento de Química Biológica
Curso de Graduação em Química
Rubem Francisco Silva Bezerra
Biochemistry
Some of the tyrosine residues can be tagged (at the hydroxyl group) with a phosphate group
(phosphorylated) by protein kinases. In its phosphorylated form, tyrosine is called phosphotyrosine.
Tyrosine phosphorylation is considered to be one of the key steps in signal transduction and regulation
of enzymatic activity. Phosphotyrosine can be detected through specific antibodies. Tyrosine residues
may also be modified by the addition of a sulfate group, a process known as tyrosine sulfation.

10. Industrial synthesis
Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA
Departamento de Química Biológica
Curso de Graduação em Química
Rubem Francisco Silva Bezerra
Biochemistry
Some of the tyrosine residues can be tagged (at the hydroxyl group) with a phosphate group
(phosphorylated) by protein kinases. In its phosphorylated form, tyrosine is called phosphotyrosine.
Tyrosine phosphorylation is considered to be one of the key steps in signal transduction and regulation
of enzymatic activity. Phosphotyrosine can be detected through specific antibodies. Tyrosine residues
may also be modified by the addition of a sulfate group, a process known as tyrosine sulfation.

11. GPCR's studies
Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA
Departamento de Química Biológica
Curso de Graduação em Química
Rubem Francisco Silva Bezerra
Biochemistry

12. Thanks
Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA
Departamento de Química Biológica
Curso de Graduação em Química
Rubem Francisco Silva Bezerra
Biochemistry