The document discusses regulation of floral development in plants. It describes how flowers are modified shoots consisting of four whorls of modified leaves called sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. It explains that three classes of genes regulate floral development: meristem identity genes, floral organ identity genes, and boundary genes. The ABC model is described which explains how combinations of A, B, and C class floral organ identity genes specify sepals, petals, stamens and carpels. The document also discusses environmental and endogenous factors that influence the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth such as photoperiodism and phase changes in the shoot apical meristem.
molecular and genetic analysis of floral induction is an integrated approach, taking into consideration various genes involved in the four major pathways of flowering process
Initiation of flowering -Genetic & Molecular aspects is an important domain in the field of reproductive biology of angiosperms.The different genes along with the role of vernalization & homeotic genes has been explored here with diagram diagram.
molecular and genetic analysis of floral induction is an integrated approach, taking into consideration various genes involved in the four major pathways of flowering process
Initiation of flowering -Genetic & Molecular aspects is an important domain in the field of reproductive biology of angiosperms.The different genes along with the role of vernalization & homeotic genes has been explored here with diagram diagram.
Apomixis in flowering plants is defined as the asexual formation of a seed from the maternal tissues of the ovule, avoiding the processes of meiosis and fertilization, leading to embryo development.
photoperiodism its discovery,significance,classifications,mechanism,critical day length,quality of light, night break phenomenon,phytochrome.florigen,floering genes, circadian rhythm
Pollen pistil interaction
Types of Incompatibility in plants
Methods to overcome Incompatibility
Prepared by
Dr. T. Annie Sheron
Assistant Professor of Botany
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
KAKATIYA GOVERNMENT COLLEGE, HANAMKONDA
flowering is perhaps the most important physiological phenomenon in the life-cycle of higher plants. it is a resultant of a range of internal and external factors, that leads to the activity of a plethora of genes, that leads to the development of flowers
Apomixis in flowering plants is defined as the asexual formation of a seed from the maternal tissues of the ovule, avoiding the processes of meiosis and fertilization, leading to embryo development.
photoperiodism its discovery,significance,classifications,mechanism,critical day length,quality of light, night break phenomenon,phytochrome.florigen,floering genes, circadian rhythm
Pollen pistil interaction
Types of Incompatibility in plants
Methods to overcome Incompatibility
Prepared by
Dr. T. Annie Sheron
Assistant Professor of Botany
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
KAKATIYA GOVERNMENT COLLEGE, HANAMKONDA
flowering is perhaps the most important physiological phenomenon in the life-cycle of higher plants. it is a resultant of a range of internal and external factors, that leads to the activity of a plethora of genes, that leads to the development of flowers
Introduction to Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, Flower, Structure of Flower, Male Reproductive Part of Flower (Stamens), Development of Anther walls, Anther Walls, Microsporangium (Pollen Sac)
A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants. The biological function of a flower is to effect reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism for the union of sperm with eggs.
In addition to facilitating the reproduction of flowering plants, flowers have long been admired and used by humans to bring beauty to their environment, and also as objects of romance, ritual, religion, medicine and as a source of food.
In this lesson you will learn about :
1) Flower - Definition & Functions
2) Floral Symmetry
3) Pedicellate & Sessile Flowers
4) Insertion of Floral Leaves on the Thalamus
5) Parts of a Flower
6) Some Important Terms related to Flowers
7) Floral Whorls - Calyx, Corolla, Androecium and Gynoecium
8) Placentation
9) Inflorescenece
I hope this document is helpful to you. Please share the document with your friends if you think this will benefit them. Get ready for the next lesson. Thanks.
From the forgoing presentation, it can be concluded that breeding characters viz., flowering period, inflorescence, time of flower opening, time of anther dehiscence, time of stigma receptivity, pollinating agent ,time of visitor of pollinating agent and fruit set (%) in tropical species are required to be studied as they are vital for any improvement and eco-environmental planning purposes. It also throws light on how species adopts itself along with the phenomenon of speciation and reproductive isolation. From these characters we can introduce new variety which is essential for further evaluation and also the identification of the interactions between biological factors, such as animal, plant species, and non-biological factors, like temperature, RH, rain and wind, helps us to elaborate management and conservation plans for the ecosystems of the planet, which have become more and more necessary due to highly increased rate of deterioration of different ecosystems during the last few decades.
• Common Name- Brazil Jute
• Native – Tropical American ,cultivated and
naturalinaturalized elsewhere.
• Malachra species are annual, perennial herbs or
undershrubs
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Flowering involves the sequential action of two groups of genes: those that switch the fate of the meristem from vegetative to floral (floral meristem identity genes) and those that direct the formation of the various flower parts (organ identity genes.)
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Regulation of Floral Development
1. Regulation of Floral
Development
ঠাস্ ঠাস্ দ্রুম দ্রাম, শুনে লানগ খটকা
ফু ল ফফানট ? তাই বল ! আমম ভামব পটকা !
Semester V
Botany Core Course XI
Dr. Riddhi Datta
Department of Botany
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Government College
18. The ABCE model (Quartet model) • A class genes specify sepals in the first whorl.
• A and B class genes specify petals within the
second whorl.
• B and C class genes specify stamens within the
third whorl
• C class gene function specifies carpel identity
within the fourth whorl.
• The E class genes (SEPALLATA 1-4) are active
within all four whorls.
• Combinatorial interactions of floral organ
identity factors within each whorl form
tetrameric complexes.
• These floral organ identity factors can act as
pioneer factors, influencing chromatin
accessibility throughout flower development.
• Additionally, class D genes regulate ovule
development.
Thomson et al. 2017 (Plant Physiology)