Presented By :- Raghav Sharma Class :- M.Pharm, 1st sem. Department :- Pharmaceutics Institute :- Parul Institute of Pharmacy Content :- Introduction Exogenous Stimuli-Responsive DDS Endogenous Stimuli-Responsive DDS Stimuli-Responsive DDS Conclusion Reference

1. BY- RAGHAV SHARMA
M.PHARM (PHARMACEUTICS)
1ST SEM
ENDOGENIOUS AND EXOGENIOUS
STIMULI -RESPONSIVE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
PARUL INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY, PARUL UNIVERSITY,
VADODARA, GUJARAT

2. Contents
1. INTRODUCTION
2. Exogenous Stimuli-Responsive DD
3. Endogenous Stimuli-Responsive D
4. Stimuli-Responsive DDS
5. Conclusion
6. REFERENCES

3. 1. INTRODUCTION
 To enhance therapeutic effect, and to reduce related side effects, active
drugs and molecules are ideally selectively delivered to diseases areas
using targeted drug delivery systems (DDSs).
 Nano carriers, including nanoparticles and nanostructures, have been
developed for imaging, diagnosis and therapeutics based on advances in
nanotechnology and insights into the pathology of diseases at the
cellular and molecular level.
 To improve efficacy and reduce side effects, Nano carriers are designed
to behave dynamically in response to internal factors in the
microenvironment of a diseased area, or to external stimuli, or both;
“smart” DDSs require the development of functional devices and
materials.

4.  Endogenous stimuli characteristic in the pathological areas of
disease include changes in pH, redox gradient, and enzyme
concentration.
 Exogenous stimuli are artificially applied from outside the body, and
include temperature, light, magnetic field, and ultrasound (US).
 Development of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems is
considered as a promising research area for
pharmaceutical/biomedical researchers because of their potential of
enhancing the efficacy of drugs particularly anti-cancer, antiviral,
and antimicrobial agents.

5. 2. Exogenous Stimuli-
Responsive DDS
 The exogenous one has the potential benefit of overcoming inter-patient
variability since, in these systems, drug release is controlled by external
factors, which can be controlled precisely [12]. Different external stimuli have
been reported, which can be used to control drug releases such as temperature,
magnetic field, light, electrical field, and ultrasound. In designing these DDS,
thermo-responsive polymers have a significant role since most of these stimuli
respond by heat generation. This increase in temperature can stimulate drug
release through temperature-sensitive materials.
 TEMPERATURE-RESPONSIVE DDS
 ELECTRICAL-RESPONSIVE DDS
 MAGNETIC-RESPONSIVE DDS
 PHOTO/LIGHT-RESPONSIVE DDS

6.  The endogenous stimulus of biochemical and chemical origin
includes redox-responsive, enzyme responsive, pH-responsive,
and ionic microenvironment responsive drug delivery systems.
These DDS trigger the delivery of medicine by regulating the
microenvironment tissues, over-expression of specific enzymes,
antibody-antigen interaction, and recognition of host-guest
moieties during a specific state.
 ENZYME-RESPONSIVE DDS
 IONIC MICROENVIRONMENT-RESPONSIVE DDS
 REDOX RESPONSIVE DDS
 PH-RESPONSIVE DDS
Plan of research work
3. Endogenous Stimuli-
Responsive DDS

7. 4. Stimuli-Responsive DDS

8. 5. Conclusion
 In this review, we summarized the uniqueness of stimuli-responsive polymeric
carriers and their potentialities for targeted drug delivery applications.
Considering suitable examples, an array of stimuli-responsive DDS, as an
example, redox-responsive, pH-responsive, temperature-responsive,
photo/light-responsive, magnetic-responsive, ultrasound-responsive, and
electrical-responsive DDS.
 Besides processing drawbacks, administrative issues to urge approval to use
the designed polymeric-based smart DDS are another major bottleneck within
the field. To avoid of these limitations, future investigations should be directed
to introduce novel technologies to style DDS using polymeric materials with
inherent properties like biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxicity. In
conclusion, many polymer-based stimuli-responsive carriers offer substantial
potential for biomedical applications. Thus, the external/internal stimuli-
responsive carriers hold great promise for Nano medicine within the coming
future.

9. References
Ali Raza 1, Tahir Rasheed 2, Faran Nabeel 2, Uzma Hayat 1,
Muhammad Bilal 3,* and Hafiz M. N. Iqbal 4,* Endogenous and
Exogenous Stimuli-Responsive Drug Delivery Systems for
Programmed Site-Specific Release ; School of Biomedical
Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240,
China; 21 March 2019
 Rasheed, T.; Bilal, M.; Abu-Thabit, N.Y.; Iqbal, H.M. The smart
chemistry of stimuli-responsive polymeric carriers for target drug
delivery applications. In Stimuli Responsive Polymeric Nano
carriers for Drug Delivery Applications; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The
Netherlands; Wood head Publishing: Cambridge, UK, 2018;
Volume 1, pp. 61–99.