A study observed that the reproductive number (R0) was approximately 0.48 during previous outbreaks. The R-value serves as an indicator of the virus’s rate of spread within the population. When this value is less than one, it implies that less than one person is getting infected by an already infected individual. In such circumstances, the outbreak is anticipated to subside relatively rapidly.

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2. Nipah Virus
GS3: Science and Technology

3. Nipah Virus
• Nipah virus is a zoonotic disease transmitted
from animals to humans.
• Transmission modes include infected animals,
contaminated food, and person-to-person
contact.

5. Symptoms and Mortality
• Symptoms of Nipah virus infection include fever,
headache, cough, sore throat, breathing
difficulties, and vomiting.
• Severe cases can lead to disorientation, seizures,
encephalitis, coma, and a high mortality rate
ranging from 40% to 75%.

6. Transmission and Outbreaks
• The primary reservoir for Nipah virus is fruit bats
(flying foxes).
• Human infection occurs through direct contact
with infected animals or consumption of
contaminated food.
• Outbreaks have been reported in countries like
Bangladesh, India, and Malaysia.

7. Containment and Reproductive Number
• Efforts to contain Nipah virus outbreaks have
to be localized and relatively quick.
• The reproductive number (R0) is a key metric,
with an observed value of approximately 0.48
during previous outbreaks, indicating a
relatively slow spread.

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