The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), also known as the Islamic State (IS), or by its Arabic acronym, Daesh, is a radical Islamist militant group and self-proclaimed caliphate.

1.  FACULTY NAME:
 KANHAIYA JHA
 BATCH NAME:
 UPSC - N-24
 SUBJECT:
 INTETRNATIONAL RELATION
 TOPIC NAME:
 INDIA & WEST ASIA-1
 DATE :
 16/10/23

2. WEST ASIA : COUNTRY PROFILE

3. West Asia/ Middle-East (19 Countries)

5.  Turkey
 formally known as Asia Minor
 also called sick man of Europe
 Ankara
 capital city of Turkey
 located on Plateau of Anatolia
 Istanbul
 Located on the European part of
Turkey
 On the bank of Bosporus Strait
 historical City

6.  Lebanon
 located on the coast of Mediterranean sea
 Beirut
 capital and largest city
 lies at the crossroad of Asia Europe and
Africa
 Syria
 Damascus
 capital and largest city
 one of the oldest city of
world

7. • Hezbollah, also spelled Hizbollah
or Hizballah, is a Shiite Islamist
political and military organization
based in Lebanon.
• It was founded in the early 1980s
in response to the Israeli invasion
of Lebanon and the subsequent
Lebanese civil war.

8.  Israel
 Jerusalem
 capital and religious City
 located on the bank of Dead Sea
 Holy City for Muslims Christians and
Jews
 Haifa
 chief port of Israel located on
Mediterranean sea
 Tel Aviv
 commercial and Cultural center of
Israel

9.  Palestine
 Proclaimed capital : Jerusalem
 Administrative center : Ramallah
 Largest city : Gaza City
 Divided into two unit - West Bank
(bordering Israel and Jordan) and
Gaza Strip (bordering Israel and
Egypt)

11. • The idea of a state for Jews, is most commonly
associated with Theodor Herzl.
• Herzl was an Austrian-Jewish journalist,
playwright, and political activist who is
considered one of the founding fathers of modern
political Zionism. Zionism is the political
movement that sought to establish a Jewish
homeland in the historic land of Israel.
• Herzl is particularly known for his 1896
pamphlet titled "The Jewish State" (also known
as "Der Judenstaat" in German), in which he
argued for the establishment of a Jewish state as
a solution to the ongoing problems of anti-
Semitism and Jewish persecution in Europe.
Formation of a state for Jews

12. • Zionist Movement (19th century; Theodor Herzl )
• British Mandate for Palestine(from 1920 to 1948; British administration and
governance in the territory of Palestine, established by the League of Nations
after World War I as part of the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire)
• Balfour Declaration ( 1917; British government issued; for the establishment
of a "national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine
• "Olim”(Jewish Immigration)
• UN Partition Plan (In 1947, the United Nations proposed a partition plan for
Palestine, which recommended the division of the territory into separate
Jewish and Arab states, )
• Declaration of the State of Israel (On May 14, 1948, David Ben-Gurion, the
head of the Jewish Agency, proclaimed the establishment of the State of
Israel)

13. • Hamas, or the Islamic Resistance
Movement, is a Palestinian political
and military organization that has
been active in the Palestinian
territories, particularly in the Gaza
Strip and the West Bank.
• Hamas was founded in 1987 during
the First Intifada, a Palestinian
uprising against Israeli occupation.
It has since become a prominent
player in Palestinian politics and
the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

14.  Jordan
 Amman
 capital and Chief industrial
City
 Aquaba
 the only port of Jordan
located on the bank of gulf of
aqaba( Red Sea)

15.  Iraq
 Known for ancient civilization
Mesopotamia
 Baghdad
 capital and cultural City
 located on the bank of river
Tigris (Dajla river)
 Mosul
 chief industrial city of country
 famous for petrochemical
electrical and food processing
 Basra
 chief port located on Gulf of
Persia
 Exports Petroleum

16.  Iran
 Tehran
 capital and largest city
 located on the southern Valley of elburz
mountain
 most populous city of West Asia
 Masjid- i- Solaiman / Kermanshah
Famous for oil reserve
 Esfahan
 cotton and woolen textile center
Masjid- i- Suleiman

17.  Kuwait
 world's fourth largest
producer of
petroleum and
second largest
exporter
 Capital:Kuwait City
 Bahrain
 an island country
consists of 33 Islands
 capital Manama

18. • The GCC, or Gulf Cooperation Council, is a
political and economic alliance of six countries
located in the Arabian Gulf region.
• It was established to promote economic, political,
and security cooperation among member states.
• The GCC was founded on May 25, 1981, and it
includes the following member countries:
1. Saudi Arabia
2. United Arab Emirates
3. Qatar
4. Kuwait
5. Bahrain
6. Oman

19.  Qatar
 Doha
 capital and most populated city
 United Arab Emirates (UAE)
 Abu Dhabi
 capital and largest city
 famous for Petroleum production
 Dubai
 the largest harbour of East Asia

20.  Saudi Arabia
 Largest country of West Asia
 Riyadh
 capital and industrial center
 located on tropic of cancer
 Jeddah
 administrative capital of Saudi Arabia
 chief port on Red Sea
 Mecca
 famous pilgrim center for Islam
 located near Red Sea
 Ras tanurah / Ghawar / Dhahran
 oil field of Saudi Arabia

22.  Yemen
 Aden
 capital city located at the
entrance of red sea
 An entrepot port
 Oman
 second largest country of
Arabian Peninsula after
Saudi Arabia
 Muscat
 capital and largest city
 chief port of Oman
 Duqum
 a port of Oman leased by
India

23. • Houthi Movement (Ansar Allah)
• The Houthi movement, also known as Ansar
Allah, is a rebel group based in Yemen.
• The movement emerged in the early 2000s
and has been involved in various conflicts,
including a series of rebellions against the
Yemeni government.
• The Houthi movement is known for its anti-
government stance, and its members are
adherents of the Zaidi branch of Shia Islam.
• The group took control of the Yemeni capital,
Sanaa, in 2014 and subsequently led an
insurgency against the Yemeni government,
resulting in ongoing conflict and a complex
humanitarian crisis in Yemen.

24. • The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), also
known as the Islamic State (IS), or by its Arabic
acronym, Daesh, is a radical Islamist militant
group and self-proclaimed caliphate.
• It emerged in the early 2010s as an offshoot of
al-Qaeda but later became an independent and
highly destructive force.
• ISIS was founded in the aftermath of the U.S.-
led invasion of Iraq in 2003. It began as an al-
Qaeda affiliate in Iraq and later rebranded itself
as the Islamic State of Iraq (ISI).
• ISIS was led by Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, who
declared himself the caliph of the Islamic State
in 2014.