Heat Pipe in HVAC systems .pdf

School of Engineering and Design
HEAT PIPES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS TO
HEAT PIPES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS TO
HVAC SYSTEMS
HVAC SYSTEMS
HVAC SYSTEMS
HVAC SYSTEMS
&
&
PROGRESS WITH THE SIRAC KICK START
FUNDING
FUNDING
by
Dr Hussam Jouhara
S h l f E i i d D i B l U i i
School of Engineering and Design, Brunel University
Tel: +44 (0) 1895 2 67656, Email: hussam.jouhara@brunel.ac.uk
www.brunel.ac.uk/about/acad/sed
Centre of Energy & Built Environment Research (CEBER)

Overview
Overview
Heat pipe, what is it?
Heat Pipe in HVAC Systems: Sample Projects
Th P i h h SIRAC Ki k S F d
The Progress with the SIRAC Kick-Start Fund

Why Heat Pipes!
 The technology is challenging as of the various heat transfer mechanisms involved.
 The technology is challenging as of the various heat transfer mechanisms involved.
 It is an old technology which is finding its way to be irreplaceable by the industry
 It is an old technology, which is finding its way to be irreplaceable by the industry
in certain applications.
 Heat pipe base energy systems: This area is still a fertile ground for IP Generation.

Heat Pipe in a
laptop
In case you have not seen a “Heat Pipe”, it is everywhere…

Heat Pipe in HVAC Systems: Sample Projects
Experimental and theoretical investigations are being carried out on
h i h h (HPHEX ) f li i i
heat pipe heat exchangers (HPHEXs) for applications in:
Free reheat in dehumidification systems
Waste energy recovery (heating or cooling effects) from
Waste energy recovery (heating or cooling effects) from
building stalled air
H ti E itt
Heating Emitters

Sample Project 1:
Sample Project 1:
HPHex
HPHex for Application in Energy Efficient
for Application in Energy Efficient
Dehumidification Systems
Dehumidification Systems

Typical Dehumidification System
Energy wastage in the reheating process

Heat Pipe based Dehumidification System
HPHEX
Chilled Coil
No reheat energy required

Energy Analysis
0
.
9
5
90
100
110
120
1
30
0
.
9
5
90
100
110
120
1
30
The assumed
humid air mass
flow rate is 1 kg/s
h
a
l
p
y
-
k
J
/
k
g
(
a
)
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
-
d
e
g
C
(a)
20
0
9
5
60
70
80
110
120
1
h
a
l
p
y
-
k
J
/
k
g
(
a
)
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
-
d
e
g
C
(a)
20
0
9
5
60
70
80
110
120
1
2
flow rate is 1 kg/s
E
n
t
h
a
S
a
t
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
t
e
umidity
ratio
-
g/kg(
0
.
9
0
V
o
l
u
m
e
-
c
u
.
m
/
k
3
40
50
60
90
100
20
Coil Energy Load
52 kW
E
n
t
h
a
S
a
t
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
t
e
umidity
ratio
-
g/kg(
0
.
9
0
V
o
l
u
m
e
-
c
u
.
m
/
k
3
40
50
60
90
100
20
Coil Energy Load
47 kW
Coil Energy Load
52kW
Coil Energy Load
47kW
H
10
40%
60%
80%
0
.
8
5
k
g
(
a
)
10
20
30
70
80
10
2 3
Heater Energy Consumption
7.2 kW (Electric)
H
10
40%
60%
80%
0
.
8
5
k
g
(
a
)
10
20
30
70
80
10
4
3
Heater Energy Consumption
7.2kW (Electric)
Heating Energy Consumption
0kW
Dry bulb temperature - deg C
0 10 20 30 40 50
20%
0
.
8
0
0
60
Dry bulb temperature - deg C
0 10 20 30 40 50
20%
0
.
8
0
0
60
The chilled coil becomes 10% smaller and no heaters are needed. (Jouhara, 2009)

Waste Heat Recovery, Loop HP HEX
Waste Heat Recovery, Loop HP HEX

Air-Side Thermocouples
T1 T2 T3 T4
8 0
5 0
6 0
7 0
ature
(°C)
ΔTh
3 0
4 0
5 0
Air
Tempera
ΔTc
ΔTc= ΔTh
0 . 0 0 . 2 0 . 4 0 . 6 0 . 8 1 . 0 1 . 2 1 . 4
2 0
D i s t a n c e ( m )

Sample Project 2:
Sample Project 2:
HPHex
HPHex for application in Waste Energy
for application in Waste Energy
Recovery from Building Stalled Air
Recovery from Building Stalled Air

Typical Air Conditioning Configuration
Typical Air Conditioning Configuration

Typical Heat Pipe based Air Conditioning Configuration
Typical Heat Pipe based Air Conditioning Configuration
Free heating
(Heating Energy Recovery Mode)
(Heating Energy Recovery Mode)

Inline Configuration Staggered Configuration
Aluminium Condenser
fin stack
500/m
section
Adiabatic
section
Evaporator
HPHEX Investigated
section
For Lower Pressure Drop
For Higher Heat Transfer Rate

Cold Air Inlet Cold Air Exit
Rotating Base
Hot Air Exit Hot Air Inlet

Waste Heat Recovery SHP HEX
I li ti M h i
Inclination Mechanism

Passive Waste Heat Recovery Heat Exchanger for Applications in Process Industries
Passive Waste Heat Recovery Heat Exchanger for Applications in Process Industries
&V il i S
&V il i S
&Ventilation Systems.
&Ventilation Systems.
Wicked Heat Pipe System
Wickless Heat Pipe System
Typical configurations

Sample Experimental and Modelling Results
Sample Experimental and Modelling Results
0.6
0.45
0.5
0.55
0.35
0.4
0.45
fectivness
0.25
0.3
Eff
E i l Eff i
0 1
0.15
0.2 Experimental Effectivnes
Theoretical effectivness
0.1
0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1
Mass flow rate (Kg/s)

Sample Project 3:
Sample Project 3:
Heat Pipe Based Heating Emitters
Heat Pipe Based Heating Emitters

New Patent: Heat Pipe based Emitter
New Patent: Heat Pipe based Emitter
(J h & R b 2010)
(Jouhara & Robinson, 2010)

The SIRAC Kick
The SIRAC Kick-
-Start Fund
Start Fund

h
h
The Team
The Team
Innovative Manufacturers of Heat Exchange Products
Commercialisation Consultants
(specialising in heat transfer & engineering) Research &
Novel Heat Pipe
Introduced at SIRAC event
Novel Heat Pipe
Technology
Introduced at SIRAC event
SIRAC Kick-Start Fund instrumental in Consortium

SIRAC Kick Start Fund
 £500 granted by SIRAC in March
2009
2009
 Travel & research costs covered
facilitating consortium meetings,
design and development
founded by
 Long-term collaborative
relationships established funded by
relationships established y

Heat Exchanger Design
 Several design meetings considering
g g g
technology and the needs of the market
 Designs finalised between Coolers &
 Designs finalised between Coolers &
Condensers and Brunel University

Market Study
Market Study
y
y
 Report prepared by NeQstep Limited

Where is the Demand?
 Code of Conduct on Data Centres Energy Efficiency
2008 defines two key areas:
2008 defines two key areas:
 IT Load
 IT Load
 Facilities Load (inc
cooling systems
... and states energy
cooling systems
efficiency must be
maximised to meet
EU energy policies
EU energy policies

Th C d f C d t h l
Th C d f C d t h l
The Code of Conduct has also
The Code of Conduct has also
“already identified an increasing willingness of
already identified an increasing willingness of
manufacturers and vendors to compete on the basis of
energy efficiency in data centres”
energy efficiency in data centres
Businesses are becoming increasingly aware of their
i l i d h d d h
environmental impacts and the need to reduce these.
Data centres operators need to be aware of the financial,
p ,
environmental and infrastructure benefits to be gained from
improving the energy efficiency of their facilities through
p g gy y g
optimisation of power distribution, cooling infrastructure,
IT equipment and IT output.

Free Cooling
Free Cooling
Free Cooling
Free Cooling
 ASHRAE's Thermal Guidelines for Data Processing
Environments recommends:
Environments recommends:
 temperature 20–25C
 humidity 40–55%
ma de point 17°C
 max dew point 17°C
 outside temperature of
15 20C i d
15-20C required to
gain 'free cooling'

6,783 hours of 'free cooling' out of a possible 8,760
g p
hours

Conclusion
Conclusion
Conclusion
Conclusion
 Between 30 60% of data centre energy consumption is
 Between 30-60% of data centre energy consumption is
attributed to cooling technology
Th i l i b i l i f h H Pi
 The potential saving by implementation of the Heat Pipe
solution would save UK data centres between approximately
2 1 - 4 3 TWh
2.1 - 4.3 TWh
 Heat transfer coefficient of the Heat Pipe solution and the
th l ti / f th b ildi i f th
thermal properties/response of the building require further
study
 Clear potential identified - development in partnership with
the data centre market now sought

Other Results
Other Results

Active Collaborators
 Coolers & Condensers and Brunel University have
continued to collaborate on many heat transfer and
energy projects
 Further plans for a possible joint application for
 Further plans for a possible joint application for
research funding in the sector
C l & C d l d ti MS
 Coolers & Condensers already supporting MSc
students’ project in Brunel University

Thank You
Thank You
END

Heat Pipe in HVAC systems .pdf

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