The mid-term colloquium presentation of my graduation. The graduation theme is “Electrical and thermal energy balance analysis for an off-grid campground site”. The graduation research is performed at the Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) in the research group of prof.dr.ir Jan Hensen.
Repurposing LNG terminals for Hydrogen Ammonia: Feasibility and Cost Saving
Presentation J.W.M.M. Van Hellenberg Hubar Mid Term Colloquium 2011 07 13
1. Electrical and thermal energy balance analysis for an off-grid campground site July 13th, 2011 Jeroen van Hellenberg Hubar, BEng Supervisors Prof. dr. ir. J.L.M. Hensen Dr. dipl.-ing M. Trcka B. Lee MSc
2. Outline Introduction Objective Research Question Methodology Preliminary results Future plan / Building Physics & Systems PAGE 1 13-7-2011
3. Introduction PAGE 2 13-7-2011 Current energy situation Buildings are always connected to the grid Electricity Gas Source of energy neither a choice or concern / Building Physics & Systems
4. Introduction PAGE 3 13-7-2011 Remote / rural area Buildings are completely off-grid Energy has to be provided with an off-grid energy source. PAGE 3 13-7-2011 / Building Physics & Systems
5. Introduction International Energy Agency (IEA) Energy Conservation in Buildings and Community Systems (ECBCS) Annexes / Tasks Goal: “ Integrated and performance based solutions for energy efficient and environmentally friendly buildings and communities, that support sustainability and produce carbon-free energy according to demand” PAGE 4 13-7-2011 / Building Physics & Systems
6. Introduction PAGE 5 13-7-2011 Annex 54 “Integration of Micro-Generation and Related Energy Technologies in Buildings” Subtask B “Use simulations to develop an extensive library of performance studies and synthesis techniques to identify generic performance trends and “rules of thumb” regarding the appropriate deployment of micro-generation technologies.” / Building Physics & Systems
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8. The energy generation is an optimized combination of different renewable micro generation technologies./ Building Physics & Systems
9. Research Question PAGE 7 13-7-2011 Research Question “How to develop a design concept which ensures the comfort of the occupants, and has an optimized (system) performance of an energy system with 100% renewable micro-generation technologies which has to satisfy the electrical and thermal energy demand, for an off-grid campground at Texel, in the Netherlands?” / Building Physics & Systems
10. Research Question PAGE 8 13-7-2011 Sub Questions How to ensure the comfort, in terms of the availability of domestic hot water, electricity and a desirable indoor temperature for an off grid campground? In which way shall the individual components be integrated / incorporated as a energy system that balances demand with generation for an off-grid campground? Which configuration, of different technology mixes, is the most favorable for supplying the campground with thermal and electrical energy? / Building Physics & Systems
11. Methodology Computational Research/paper [Ashby, 2005] Input Computational Tools Method PAGE 9 13-7-2011 [Ashby, 2005]: Ashby, M. (2005) How to write a paper, Engineering Department University of Cambridge, Cambridge 6th Edition. / Building Physics & Systems
25. TRNSYS: the transient energy system simulation tool, which is used to create the space heating demand and to balance the energy demand and energy generation;
26. Microsoft Excel: The electricity demand, domestic hot water demand and occupancy profile are created in this spreadsheet software;
28. Methodology Method Creating input profiles according the Dutch comfort norms Creating energy demand profiles according the Dutch norms Model the energy demand and generation in TRNSYS Define the optimization performance indicators Formulate the optimization parameters Optimize the energy generation according to the strategy towards near-zero energy and carbon emissions in the built environment Define a (small) performance trend between the energy demand of a campground and the mix of the micro-generation technologies in the Netherlands. PAGE 12 13-7-2011 Results will be presented in this presentation Future research / Building Physics & Systems
29. Input profiles PAGE 13 13-7-2011 Campground Source: Auto Camper Service International (ASCI) guide Central Bureau of Statistics of the Netherlands (CBS) / Building Physics & Systems
30. Input profiles PAGE 14 13-7-2011 Domestic Hot Water(DHW) Space heating Source: Knowledge Institute for the installation technology sector (ISSO) Association of water companies in the Netherlands (VEWIN) IEA Solar Heating & Cooling program (IEA-SHC Task 26) / Building Physics & Systems
31. Input profiles PAGE 15 13-7-2011 Electricity Use Normal distribution Source: Dutch Agency of the ministry of Economic affairs, agriculture and innovation (Agentschap NL) / Building Physics & Systems
32. Energy demand profiles PAGE 16 13-7-2011 Campground occupancy Average occupancy in the Netherlands = 14,1% Source: Central Bureau of Statistics of the Netherlands (CBS) / Building Physics & Systems
33. Energy demand profiles PAGE 17 13-7-2011 Domestic Hot Water(DHW) / Building Physics & Systems
34. Energy demand profiles PAGE 18 13-7-2011 Electricity demand PAGE 18 13-7-2011 / Building Physics & Systems
36. Energy demand profile PAGE 20 13-7-2011 The daily electricity demand created by the normal distribution of several appliances in tent02. The number of tents of type 02 at the traditional campground. The occupancy of the campground throughout a year. A combination of the previous three the final electricity demand for tent02 on the traditional campground. / Building Physics & Systems
37. Energy demand profile PAGE 21 13-7-2011 Space heating demand model for a cabin Source: Dutch Agency of the ministry of Economic affairs, agriculture and innovation (Agentschap NL) / Building Physics & Systems
38. TRNSYS model PAGE 22 13-7-2011 Demand side; Accommodations / facilities / Building Physics & Systems
39. TRNSYS model PAGE 23 13-7-2011 Generation side; Thermal energy DHW HW / Building Physics & Systems
40. TRNSYS model PAGE 24 13-7-2011 Generation side: Electrical energy / Building Physics & Systems
41. Performance indicators Energy CO2 (Investment) cost Minimize the Green House Gas(GHG) emissions Reason: IPCC 2007 report states GHG, in specific CO2, are main causes of the temperature change on earth How: Using renewable micro-generation technologies and adding CO2 emission factor to each equipment (only the CO2 emission during energy production is taken into account) Minimize the (investment) cost of the equipment Reason: Decisions are made upon (investment) costs How: Adding a (investment) price for each equipment per size for the optimization (m2 / kW / KJ / etc) PAGE 25 13-7-2011 Research focus is not on reducing the energy demand but on balancing the energy demand and generation. Therefore a community is allowed to use energy . The performance indicators are to minimize CO2emittance and the (investment) costs of the energy source. / Building Physics & Systems
42. Optimization parameters PAGE 26 13-7-2011 Indoor Temperature according Dutch Norms DHW output temperature >60C Inputparameters Constrains Objectives MODEfrontier Solar panel Solar collector Urban wind turbineHeat pumpAuxiliary heater DHW Auxiliary heater HW Fan coil Buffer DHW Buffer HW Battery Minimize CO2emittance Minimize (investment) cost Generation Size Equipment / Building Physics & Systems
43. Methodology Method Creating input profiles according the Dutch comfort norms Creating energy demand profiles according the Dutch norms Model the energy demand and generation in TRNSYS Define the optimization performance indicators Formulate the optimization parameters Optimize the energy generation according to the strategy towards near-zero energy and carbon emissions in the built environment Define a (small) performance trend between the energy demand of a campground and the mix of the micro-generation technologies in the Netherlands. PAGE 27 13-7-2011 Future research / Building Physics & Systems
44. Expected results IEA ANNEX 54 related Country-specific case study on the performance of micro-generation systems. Study of the viability of micro-generation systems in different operational contexts and the impacts of micro-generation on the wider community. Research community related An optimal trade off between the CO2emittance and the (investment) cost regarding the size of several micro-generation technologies in the Netherlands. A (small) performance trend between the energy demand and the mix of the micro-generation technologies in the Netherlands PAGE 28 13-7-2011 / Building Physics & Systems
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46. Performance trend Performance indicators Minimize CO2emittance Minimize (investment) cost PAGE 30 13-7-2011 Multi Objective optimization Campground specific optimal mix of micro-generation technologies regarding their size. Traditional Basic Comfort Luxurious campground campgroundcampgroundcampground A small performance trend between the energy demand and the mix of the micro-generation technologies in the Netherlands / Building Physics & Systems
47. Future plan Prepare traditional campground model for optimization Obtain more knowledge about optimization Learn how to use MODEfrontier Optimization of traditional campground Modify/adjust the model for the other campgrounds Optimization of the other campgrounds Define a small performance trend Write thesis as a paper Finish nov/dec PAGE 31 13-7-2011 / Building Physics & Systems
48. Electrical and thermal energy balance analysis for an off-grid campground site July 13th, 2011 Jeroen van Hellenberg Hubar, BEng Supervisors Prof. dr. ir. J.L.M. Hensen Dr. dipl.-ing M. Trcka B. Lee MSc
