Here is a drawing of my carnivorous plant using only plant parts:
[DRAWING OF A CARNIVOROUS PLANT USING LEAF SHAPES FOR THE TRAP AND STEM/VINES]
The trap is made of folded heart-shaped leaves. Smaller pointed leaves form the entrance. A long twisting stem holds the trap above the ground on a bed of flat round leaves.
An insectivorousplant, also called a carnivorousplant, capturesprey such asinsects,
spiders, crustaceans, mites, and protozoans, asanitrogen source. Many insectivorous
specieslive in freshwater bogs, where nitrogen is not presentin available form, because
the pH ofthe water is extremely acid. The presentation on insectivorous plant will help
the studentsto gain knowledge about thedifferent typesof insectivorous plantspecies
existing on earth aswell astheirmode of nutrition
An insectivorousplant, also called a carnivorousplant, capturesprey such asinsects,
spiders, crustaceans, mites, and protozoans, asanitrogen source. Many insectivorous
specieslive in freshwater bogs, where nitrogen is not presentin available form, because
the pH ofthe water is extremely acid. The presentation on insectivorous plant will help
the studentsto gain knowledge about thedifferent typesof insectivorous plantspecies
existing on earth aswell astheirmode of nutrition
Pteridophytes are vascular plants and have leaves (known as fronds), roots and sometimes true stems, and tree ferns have full trunks. Examples include ferns, horsetails and club-mosses. Fronds in the largest species of ferns can reach some six metres in length!
Many ferns from tropical rain forests are epiphytes, which means they only grow on other plant species; their water comes from the damp air or from rainfall running down branches and tree trunks. There are also some purely aquatic ferns such as water fern or water velvet (Salvinia molesta) and mosquito ferns (Azolla species).
Pteridophytes do not have seeds or flowers either, instead they also reproduce via spores.
There are around 13,000 species of Pteridophytes.
The plants of this family are found throughout the world. However, they are not found in arctic regions. In our country the family is represented by several genera such as, Euphorbia, Ricinus, Phyllanthus, Croton, Pedilanthus, etc. In the desert regions of Africa and elsewhere the family is represented by cactus-like plants of different species of Euphorbia.
Heath like Euphorbias are quite common in Australia. In Britain only two genera, i.e., Euphorbia and Mercurialis are found, which are represented by sixteen and two species respectively.
Insect management is a key requirement in the commercial forest practices. In this presentation few insect management practices are discussed with special reference to Eucalyptus, Tectona and SMahogany species. These species are common in the plantation industry in Sri lanka
economic importance of gymnosperms.Gymnosperms are simple and primitive seed-bearing plants without flowers.
The plant body is sporophytic and is differentiated into root,stem and leaves.
All gymnosperms are usually wind-pollinated.
Leaves have thick cuticle and sunken stomata.
Gymnosperms are heterosporous.magasporangia and microsporangia occur on mega and microsporophylls respectively.
Pteridophytes are vascular plants and have leaves (known as fronds), roots and sometimes true stems, and tree ferns have full trunks. Examples include ferns, horsetails and club-mosses. Fronds in the largest species of ferns can reach some six metres in length!
Many ferns from tropical rain forests are epiphytes, which means they only grow on other plant species; their water comes from the damp air or from rainfall running down branches and tree trunks. There are also some purely aquatic ferns such as water fern or water velvet (Salvinia molesta) and mosquito ferns (Azolla species).
Pteridophytes do not have seeds or flowers either, instead they also reproduce via spores.
There are around 13,000 species of Pteridophytes.
The plants of this family are found throughout the world. However, they are not found in arctic regions. In our country the family is represented by several genera such as, Euphorbia, Ricinus, Phyllanthus, Croton, Pedilanthus, etc. In the desert regions of Africa and elsewhere the family is represented by cactus-like plants of different species of Euphorbia.
Heath like Euphorbias are quite common in Australia. In Britain only two genera, i.e., Euphorbia and Mercurialis are found, which are represented by sixteen and two species respectively.
Insect management is a key requirement in the commercial forest practices. In this presentation few insect management practices are discussed with special reference to Eucalyptus, Tectona and SMahogany species. These species are common in the plantation industry in Sri lanka
economic importance of gymnosperms.Gymnosperms are simple and primitive seed-bearing plants without flowers.
The plant body is sporophytic and is differentiated into root,stem and leaves.
All gymnosperms are usually wind-pollinated.
Leaves have thick cuticle and sunken stomata.
Gymnosperms are heterosporous.magasporangia and microsporangia occur on mega and microsporophylls respectively.
NUTRITION IN PLANTS-2 HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION CLASS-VII CBSE CHAPTER-1BIOLOGY TEACHER
Most of the plants have green pigment called chlorophyll and can make their own food. Some plants do not have chlorophyll and cannot synthesize their own food and are known as Heterotrophic plants
Insect order collembola are also known as Springtails. here the detail about this order mentioned like what are its families and what are its economic importances.
Community
all the organisms that live together in a place
Community Ecology
study of interactions among all -populations in a common environment
In what ways do populations interact?
Community – all the organisms that live together in one place
Community ecology – study of interactions among all populations in a common environment.
Interspecific interactions – among individuals of the different species.
Intraspecific interactions – among individuals of the same species.
Species Interaction…
-A traditional approach to population interactions has been to consider the direct pair-wise interactions.
Community Ecology is the study of interactions among all populations in a common environment.
Species Interaction is a traditional approach to population interactions has been to consider the direct pair wise interactions.
Two populations may or may not affect each other; if they do, the influence may be beneficial or adverse
Types of Population Relationships:
Interspecific interactions:
Competition and Coexistence
Predation
Mutualism
Commensalism
Intraspecific Interactions
Grasshoppers provide an animal example. Individual grasshoppers deprive their fellow conspecifics of food (exploitation competition).
It is probably a major factor involved in the evolution of plumage patterns in birds.
during intraspecific competition, animals will use whatever weapons are available to them and this makes it likely that the nature of the weapons determines the nature and location of patterns.
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In the vast landscape of cinema, stories have been told, retold, and reimagined in countless ways. At the heart of this narrative evolution lies the concept of a "remake". A successful remake allows us to revisit cherished tales through a fresh lens, often reflecting a different era's perspective or harnessing the power of advanced technology. Yet, the question remains, what makes a remake successful? Today, we will delve deeper into this subject, identifying the key ingredients that contribute to the success of a remake.
Maximizing Your Streaming Experience with XCIPTV- Tips for 2024.pdfXtreame HDTV
In today’s digital age, streaming services have become an integral part of our entertainment lives. Among the myriad of options available, XCIPTV stands out as a premier choice for those seeking seamless, high-quality streaming. This comprehensive guide will delve into the features, benefits, and user experience of XCIPTV, illustrating why it is a top contender in the IPTV industry.
Meet Crazyjamjam - A TikTok Sensation | Blog EternalBlog Eternal
Crazyjamjam, the TikTok star everyone's talking about! Uncover her secrets to success, viral trends, and more in this exclusive feature on Blog Eternal.
Source: https://blogeternal.com/celebrity/crazyjamjam-leaks/
Panchayat Season 3 - Official Trailer.pdfSuleman Rana
The dearest series "Panchayat" is set to make a victorious return with its third season, and the fervor is discernible. The authority trailer, delivered on May 28, guarantees one more enamoring venture through the country heartland of India.
Jitendra Kumar keeps on sparkling as Abhishek Tripathi, the city-reared engineer who ends up functioning as the secretary of the Panchayat office in the curious town of Phulera. His nuanced depiction of a young fellow exploring the difficulties of country life while endeavoring to adjust to his new environmental factors has earned far and wide recognition.
Neena Gupta and Raghubir Yadav return as Manju Devi and Brij Bhushan Dubey, separately. Their dynamic science and immaculate acting rejuvenate the hardships of town administration. Gupta's depiction of the town Pradhan with an ever-evolving outlook, matched with Yadav's carefully prepared exhibition, adds profundity and credibility to the story.
New Difficulties and Experiences
The trailer indicates new difficulties anticipating the characters, as Abhishek keeps on wrestling with his part in the town and his yearnings for a superior future. The series has reliably offset humor with social editorial, and Season 3 looks ready to dig much more profound into the intricacies of rustic organization and self-awareness.
Watchers can hope to see a greater amount of the enchanting and particular residents who have become fan top picks. Their connections and the one of a kind cut of-life situations give a reviving and interesting portrayal of provincial India, featuring the two its appeal and its difficulties.
A Mix of Humor and Heart
One of the signs of "Panchayat" is its capacity to mix humor with sincere narrating. The trailer features minutes that guarantee to convey giggles, as well as scenes that pull at the heartstrings. This equilibrium has been a critical calculate the show's prosperity, resounding with crowds across different socioeconomics.
Creation Greatness
The creation quality remaining parts first rate, with the beautiful setting of Phulera town filling in as a scenery that upgrades the narrating. The meticulousness in portraying provincial life, joined with sharp composition and solid exhibitions, guarantees that "Panchayat" keeps on hanging out in the packed web series scene.
Expectation and Delivery
As the delivery date draws near, expectation for "Panchayat" Season 3 is at a record-breaking high. The authority trailer has previously created critical buzz, with fans enthusiastically anticipating the continuation of Abhishek Tripathi's excursion and the new undertakings that lie ahead in Phulera.
All in all, the authority trailer for "Panchayat" Season 3 recommends that watchers are in for another drawing in and engaging ride. Yet again with its charming characters, convincing story, and ideal mix of humor and show, the new season is set to enamor crowds. Write in your schedules and prepare to get back to the endearing universe of "Panchayat."
From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained. The Philos...Rodney Thomas Jr
#SSAPhilosophy #DjangoUnchained #DjangoFreeman #ExistentialPhilosophy #Freedom #Identity #Justice #Courage #Rebellion #Transformation
Welcome to SSA Philosophy, your ultimate destination for diving deep into the profound philosophies of iconic characters from video games, movies, and TV shows. In this episode, we explore the powerful journey and existential philosophy of Django Freeman from Quentin Tarantino’s masterful film, "Django Unchained," in our video titled, "From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained. The Philosophy of Django Freeman!"
From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained – The Philosophy of Django Freeman!
Join me as we delve into the existential philosophy of Django Freeman, uncovering the profound lessons and timeless wisdom his character offers. Through his story, we find inspiration in the power of choice, the quest for justice, and the courage to defy oppression. Django Freeman’s philosophy is a testament to the human spirit’s unyielding drive for freedom and justice.
Don’t forget to like, comment, and subscribe to SSA Philosophy for more in-depth explorations of the philosophies behind your favorite characters. Hit the notification bell to stay updated on our latest videos. Let’s discover the principles that shape these icons and the profound lessons they offer.
Django Freeman’s story is one of the most compelling narratives of transformation and empowerment in cinema. A former slave turned relentless bounty hunter, Django’s journey is not just a physical liberation but an existential quest for identity, justice, and retribution. This video delves into the core philosophical elements that define Django’s character and the profound choices he makes throughout his journey.
Link to video: https://youtu.be/GszqrXk38qk
Skeem Saam in June 2024 available on ForumIsaac More
Monday, June 3, 2024 - Episode 241: Sergeant Rathebe nabs a top scammer in Turfloop. Meikie is furious at her uncle's reaction to the truth about Ntswaki.
Tuesday, June 4, 2024 - Episode 242: Babeile uncovers the truth behind Rathebe’s latest actions. Leeto's announcement shocks his employees, and Ntswaki’s ordeal haunts her family.
Wednesday, June 5, 2024 - Episode 243: Rathebe blocks Babeile from investigating further. Melita warns Eunice to stay clear of Mr. Kgomo.
Thursday, June 6, 2024 - Episode 244: Tbose surrenders to the police while an intruder meddles in his affairs. Rathebe's secret mission faces a setback.
Friday, June 7, 2024 - Episode 245: Rathebe’s antics reach Kganyago. Tbose dodges a bullet, but a nightmare looms. Mr. Kgomo accuses Melita of witchcraft.
Monday, June 10, 2024 - Episode 246: Ntswaki struggles on her first day back at school. Babeile is stunned by Rathebe’s romance with Bullet Mabuza.
Tuesday, June 11, 2024 - Episode 247: An unexpected turn halts Rathebe’s investigation. The press discovers Mr. Kgomo’s affair with a young employee.
Wednesday, June 12, 2024 - Episode 248: Rathebe chases a criminal, resorting to gunfire. Turf High is rife with tension and transfer threats.
Thursday, June 13, 2024 - Episode 249: Rathebe traps Kganyago. John warns Toby to stop harassing Ntswaki.
Friday, June 14, 2024 - Episode 250: Babeile is cleared to investigate Rathebe. Melita gains Mr. Kgomo’s trust, and Jacobeth devises a financial solution.
Monday, June 17, 2024 - Episode 251: Rathebe feels the pressure as Babeile closes in. Mr. Kgomo and Eunice clash. Jacobeth risks her safety in pursuit of Kganyago.
Tuesday, June 18, 2024 - Episode 252: Bullet Mabuza retaliates against Jacobeth. Pitsi inadvertently reveals his parents’ plans. Nkosi is shocked by Khwezi’s decision on LJ’s future.
Wednesday, June 19, 2024 - Episode 253: Jacobeth is ensnared in deceit. Evelyn is stressed over Toby’s case, and Letetswe reveals shocking academic results.
Thursday, June 20, 2024 - Episode 254: Elizabeth learns Jacobeth is in Mpumalanga. Kganyago's past is exposed, and Lehasa discovers his son is in KZN.
Friday, June 21, 2024 - Episode 255: Elizabeth confirms Jacobeth’s dubious activities in Mpumalanga. Rathebe lies about her relationship with Bullet, and Jacobeth faces theft accusations.
Monday, June 24, 2024 - Episode 256: Rathebe spies on Kganyago. Lehasa plans to retrieve his son from KZN, fearing what awaits.
Tuesday, June 25, 2024 - Episode 257: MaNtuli fears for Kwaito’s safety in Mpumalanga. Mr. Kgomo and Melita reconcile.
Wednesday, June 26, 2024 - Episode 258: Kganyago makes a bold escape. Elizabeth receives a shocking message from Kwaito. Mrs. Khoza defends her husband against scam accusations.
Thursday, June 27, 2024 - Episode 259: Babeile's skillful arrest changes the game. Tbose and Kwaito face a hostage crisis.
Friday, June 28, 2024 - Episode 260: Two women face the reality of being scammed. Turf is rocked by breaking
Tom Selleck Net Worth: A Comprehensive Analysisgreendigital
Over several decades, Tom Selleck, a name synonymous with charisma. From his iconic role as Thomas Magnum in the television series "Magnum, P.I." to his enduring presence in "Blue Bloods," Selleck has captivated audiences with his versatility and charm. As a result, "Tom Selleck net worth" has become a topic of great interest among fans. and financial enthusiasts alike. This article delves deep into Tom Selleck's wealth, exploring his career, assets, endorsements. and business ventures that contribute to his impressive economic standing.
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Early Life and Career Beginnings
The Foundation of Tom Selleck's Wealth
Born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, Tom Selleck grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. His journey towards building a large net worth began with humble origins. , Selleck pursued a business administration degree at the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. But, his interest shifted towards acting. leading him to study at the Hills Playhouse under Milton Katselas.
Minor roles in television and films marked Selleck's early career. He appeared in commercials and took on small parts in T.V. series such as "The Dating Game" and "Lancer." These initial steps, although modest. laid the groundwork for his future success and the growth of Tom Selleck net worth. Breakthrough with "Magnum, P.I."
The Role that Defined Tom Selleck's Career
Tom Selleck's breakthrough came with the role of Thomas Magnum in the CBS television series "Magnum, P.I." (1980-1988). This role made him a household name and boosted his net worth. The series' popularity resulted in Selleck earning large salaries. leading to financial stability and increased recognition in Hollywood.
"Magnum P.I." garnered high ratings and critical acclaim during its run. Selleck's portrayal of the charming and resourceful private investigator resonated with audiences. making him one of the most beloved television actors of the 1980s. The success of "Magnum P.I." played a pivotal role in shaping Tom Selleck net worth, establishing him as a major star.
Film Career and Diversification
Expanding Tom Selleck's Financial Portfolio
While "Magnum, P.I." was a cornerstone of Selleck's career, he did not limit himself to television. He ventured into films, further enhancing Tom Selleck net worth. His filmography includes notable movies such as "Three Men and a Baby" (1987). which became the highest-grossing film of the year, and its sequel, "Three Men and a Little Lady" (1990). These box office successes contributed to his wealth.
Selleck's versatility allowed him to transition between genres. from comedies like "Mr. Baseball" (1992) to westerns such as "Quigley Down Under" (1990). This diversification showcased his acting range. and provided many income streams, reinforcing Tom Selleck net worth.
Television Resurgence with "Blue Bloods"
Sustaining Wealth through Consistent Success
In 2010, Tom Selleck began starring as Frank Reagan i
Are the X-Men Marvel or DC An In-Depth Exploration.pdfXtreame HDTV
The world of comic books is vast and filled with iconic characters, gripping storylines, and legendary rivalries. Among the most famous groups of superheroes are the X-Men. Created in the early 1960s, the X-Men have become a cultural phenomenon, featuring in comics, animated series, and blockbuster movies. A common question among newcomers to the comic book world is: Are the X-Men Marvel or DC? This article delves into the history, creators, and significant moments of the X-Men to provide a comprehensive answer.
From the Editor's Desk: 115th Father's day Celebration - When we see Father's day in Hindu context, Nanda Baba is the most vivid figure which comes to the mind. Nanda Baba who was the foster father of Lord Krishna is known to provide love, care and affection to Lord Krishna and Balarama along with his wife Yashoda; Letter’s to the Editor: Mother's Day - Mother is a precious life for their children. Mother is life breath for her children. Mother's lap is the world happiness whose debt can never be paid.
As a film director, I have always been awestruck by the magic of animation. Animation, a medium once considered solely for the amusement of children, has undergone a significant transformation over the years. Its evolution from a rudimentary form of entertainment to a sophisticated form of storytelling has stirred my creativity and expanded my vision, offering limitless possibilities in the realm of cinematic storytelling.
Scandal! Teasers June 2024 on etv Forum.co.zaIsaac More
Monday, 3 June 2024
Episode 47
A friend is compelled to expose a manipulative scheme to prevent another from making a grave mistake. In a frantic bid to save Jojo, Phakamile agrees to a meeting that unbeknownst to her, will seal her fate.
Tuesday, 4 June 2024
Episode 48
A mother, with her son's best interests at heart, finds him unready to heed her advice. Motshabi finds herself in an unmanageable situation, sinking fast like in quicksand.
Wednesday, 5 June 2024
Episode 49
A woman fabricates a diabolical lie to cover up an indiscretion. Overwhelmed by guilt, she makes a spontaneous confession that could be devastating to another heart.
Thursday, 6 June 2024
Episode 50
Linda unwittingly discloses damning information. Nhlamulo and Vuvu try to guide their friend towards the right decision.
Friday, 7 June 2024
Episode 51
Jojo's life continues to spiral out of control. Dintle weaves a web of lies to conceal that she is not as successful as everyone believes.
Monday, 10 June 2024
Episode 52
A heated confrontation between lovers leads to a devastating admission of guilt. Dintle's desperation takes a new turn, leaving her with dwindling options.
Tuesday, 11 June 2024
Episode 53
Unable to resort to violence, Taps issues a verbal threat, leaving Mdala unsettled. A sister must explain her life choices to regain her brother's trust.
Wednesday, 12 June 2024
Episode 54
Winnie makes a very troubling discovery. Taps follows through on his threat, leaving a woman reeling. Layla, oblivious to the truth, offers an incentive.
Thursday, 13 June 2024
Episode 55
A nosy relative arrives just in time to thwart a man's fatal decision. Dintle manipulates Khanyi to tug at Mo's heartstrings and get what she wants.
Friday, 14 June 2024
Episode 56
Tlhogi is shocked by Mdala's reaction following the revelation of their indiscretion. Jojo is in disbelief when the punishment for his crime is revealed.
Monday, 17 June 2024
Episode 57
A woman reprimands another to stay in her lane, leading to a damning revelation. A man decides to leave his broken life behind.
Tuesday, 18 June 2024
Episode 58
Nhlamulo learns that due to his actions, his worst fears have come true. Caiphus' extravagant promises to suppliers get him into trouble with Ndu.
Wednesday, 19 June 2024
Episode 59
A woman manages to kill two birds with one stone. Business doom looms over Chillax. A sobering incident makes a woman realize how far she's fallen.
Thursday, 20 June 2024
Episode 60
Taps' offer to help Nhlamulo comes with hidden motives. Caiphus' new ideas for Chillax have MaHilda excited. A blast from the past recognizes Dintle, not for her newfound fame.
Friday, 21 June 2024
Episode 61
Taps is hungry for revenge and finds a rope to hang Mdala with. Chillax's new job opportunity elicits mixed reactions from the public. Roommates' initial meeting starts off on the wrong foot.
Monday, 24 June 2024
Episode 62
Taps seizes new information and recruits someone on the inside. Mary's new job
2. What in the world is a carnivorous
plant?
Must be able to attract,
capture and kill animals
(mostly insects)
Also must digest the animal
Can survive without eating
meat, though.
Most are small (<1 m tall)
but one vine species can
grow to be 10 m long
3. Where in the world can
I find these plants?
Everywhere except Antarctica!!
More abundant in Australia, southeast
Asia and North America
Even Alachua county has them!!
600 species and sub-species, but not
all related to each other
4. Where in the world can
I find these plants?
Hundreds of species of plants from
several genera are carnivorous.
Carnivorous plants are found all over
the world.
Their habitats range from grasslands to
swamps to under water, from
civilization to the jungles of the
Amazon.
5. Why aren’t all plants meat-eaters?
Carnivorous plants have an
advantage over non-
carnivorous plants in nutrient
poor habitats
In habitats with more nutrients,
non-carnivorous plants do
better because they do not
have to put energy into special
structures.
6. What animals do they eat?
Mostly Insects and spiders
(gnats, flies, moths, wasps,
spiders, butterflies, beetles and
ants)
Freshwater species eat small
water animals and fish and
mosquito larvae
Some capture small
amphibians (frogs) and small
birds and rodents have been
found in some tropical
species!!
Some species even eat insect
and bird excrement!!
7. How do these plants capture prey?
Can be sweet-smelling or
brightly colored to attract
prey to their trap
There are 2 types of traps
Active: Use rapid
movement (ex. Venus fly-
trap, Utricularia)
Passive: sticky hairs or a
long tube with hairs that
trap prey
9. How do they digest their prey?
Most produce
digestive enzymes
Some rely on bacteria
Some use both
bacteria and
digestive enzymes
10. What habitat do they live in?
The genus Utricularia is
aquatic (freshwater)
Mainly found in nutrient
poor wetlands (ex. Bogs)
Decaying plants release
acidic compounds
Microorganisms cannot
function
Difficult for plants to get
nutrients from acidic soil
11. How do we affect carnivorous plants
Only 3-5% of carnivorous
plant habitat left!
Draining wetlands
For roads, homes, stores
and water
Suppressing fire
Many ecosystems need fire
to stay healthy
Pollution from homes and
agriculture
Gets into water and destroys
plants
Poaching the plants: Many
are endangered.
12. Are The Plants Hard to Grow?
Carnivorous plants
can be easy to grow.
They can be
cultivated in a
greenhouse.
You can grow some
varieties in your
house as house
plants!
13. How do Carnivorous plants get their
energy?
They get their energy the same
way the other plants do...
Photosynthesis
14. Why do Carnivorous plants eat insects
and other small animals?
They eat insects and other small
animals because they live in places
where the soil is low in nutrients.
Carnivorous plants get the needed
nutrients from their “PREY”.
16. Catching the insect
The actual traps are located on the plants leaves
They attract their victims with a scent reminiscent of
food and a safe landing place
As soon as the insect settles, the leaf tips spring
instantly with lightning speed and within seconds the
insect is trapped inside the two halves of the leaf
There is a second where the plant tests what it has
caught using its sensory glands on the surface of its
lobes
If the prey contains protein, the trap clothes fully and
the digestion begins
17. The Digestion Process
Once the insect has been caught, it is
slowly dissolved by digestive fluids
produced by the plant
After many days, all that is left is the
insect’s exoskeleton, the hard outer
casing of the body
The rest has been absorbed by the plant
18. Vitamin Tablets
Carnivorous plants, like any other plant, also
use the process of photosynthesis to make
their own food
The insects they catch are only used as dietary
supplements
Like the equivalent of vitamin tablets for plants
Many plants need this extra source of food as
they grow in waterlogged ground where the
soil is lacking in nutrients and other essential
nutrients
20. Pitfall Traps(pitcher plant)
The pitcher plant is
basically a slippery leaf
wrapped into a tube
shape that contains a
pool of digestive
enzymes at the bottom.
21. Pitfall Trap (Cobra Lily)
Most Pitfall Traps have
the opening on the top
of the plant, the Cobra
Lily has an opening on
the bottom. When an
insect flies into it, it has
“windows” that let light
in but not insects out.
The insects are
attracted to the light
but cant get out.
23. Fly Paper traps(sundew)
Fly Paper traps are
coated with a sticky
substance called
“mucilage". When
an insect lands on
the plant it sticks to
it, after a while the
plant will curl
around it and digest
it.
24. Snap traps(Venus fly trap)
Venus Fly Trap has
small trigger hairs on
the inside, so if an
insect lands on it and
triggers only one hair
and flies off its lucky
but if it triggers more
than one it will cause
its own doom.
26. Let’s Review. . .
1) What are the 4 traits of a carnivorous plant?
They attract, capture, kill and digest animals
2) Do non-carnivorous plants share any of these traits?
Non-carnivorous plants can attract insects
3) Do they need to eat meat to survive?
No-they have been grown in labs without meat
4) Where in the world can you find these plants?
Everywhere except Antarctica
5) How many species are there? Are they all related?
600 species and sub-species; they are not all related
(convergent evolution)
27. Let’s Review. . .
1. What is the most common habitat of carnivorous plants?
Nutrient poor wetlands.
2. What feature of their habitat allowed them to evolve
carnivory?
The lack of nutrients available in the soil.
3. Why does the habitat have this feature?
pH of water is low, so bacteria cannot help decompose
plants and plants cannot take up nutrients as easily.
4. Why do non-carnivorous plants do better in habitats with
more nutrients?
Because they do not have to put energy into special
structures to capture prey like carnivorous plants do.
28. Let’s Review . . .
1. What do carnivorous plants commonly eat?
Insects, spiders and aquatic plants eat small animals, fish
and mosquito larvae.
2. Name 3 less common things they have been found to eat.
Amphibians, birds and rodents
3. What are the two types of traps they use to catch their
prey?
Active and passive
4. Name a variation of each type of trap.
Active: bladderwort (Utricularia), venus fly trap
(Dionaea). Passive: pitcher plant has a pitfall trap; most
carnivorous plants have sticky hairs.
29. Final Review and Wrap-Up
1) What are the 4 traits of a carnivorous plant? Do non-carnivorous
plants have any of these traits?
Attract, capture, kill and digest animals. Yes, many plants attract
insects for pollination.
2) How many species are there of carnivorous plants? Are they all
related?
600 species and sub-species that are not all related (convergent
evolution)
3) In what habitats and parts of the world are they found?
Found mostly in nutrient poor wetlands everywhere except
Antarctica.
4) What feature of their habitat allowed them to evolve carnivory?
Lack of nutrients
30. Final Review and Wrap-Up cont…
1) What are some of their common prey species? Some less common
ones?
Insects and spiders. Less common are amphibians, birds and rodents.
2) What are the two ways they capture their prey?
Active and passive traps.
3) How do they digest their prey (hint: what do some use to help them
digest?)?
Some secrete digestive enzymes, some use enzymes and bacteria to
help them digest (symbiosis).
4) How have humans affected carnivorous plant populations and their
habitat?
Humans have drained wetlands, suppressed fire, polluted water, used
too much water and poached plants.
31. Assignment
Draw your own carnivorous plant using only
plant parts.
Editor's Notes
These are carnivorous plants in the genus Cephalotus (Australian)
Many flowering plants have evolved ways to attract pollinators. Carnivorous plants just went one step further. . . Carnivorous plants have survived in laboratories without eating meat. The tropical genus Nepenthes has some vines that can grow 10 m long (picture is of a Nepenthes trap).
When species have evolved similar traits but are not related, it is called “convergent evolution”. Carnivory in plants is an example of convergent evolution.
When species have evolved similar traits but are not related, it is called “convergent evolution”. Carnivory in plants is an example of convergent evolution.
Carnivorous plants have adapted to the nutrient poor environments of some wetlands and have the ability to get their nutrients from meat-sources; thus, they have a competitive advantage over non-carnivorous plants ONLY IN NUTRIENT POOR HABITATS. In habitats with more nutrients, non-carnivorous plants do not have to put so much energy in specialized structures to capture prey, so they have a competitive advantage over carnivorous plants.
The first picture is a close up of a carnivorous plant leaf. The flies are stuck in the glandular hairs. The second picture is of the freshwater bladderwort plant ( Utricularia ) that captures small water animals in its bladders. Nepenthes is the tropical genus that small birds and rodents have been found in. However, this is not common at all and the birds and rodents must have been very sick to not be able to get out. Some plants have insects that live on them and kill the smaller insects that get trapped in the sticky hairs. These bigger insects excrete on the plant and the plants absorb it. But the weirdest of all has to be the plants that absorb bird excrement!!
The first picture is an example of an active trap. It is a Venus fly-trap ( Dionaea ), which has a trap that closes shut quickly when the trigger hairs are touched. The cells on the inside of the trap become limp and the leaf closes. The second picture is a passive trap (sticky, glandular hairs) of a sundew ( Drosera ).
Top left: A close-up of an african Drosophyllum (sundew) . It has sticky, glandular hairs that insects get trapped in and the plants slowly digests them. When the insect gets trapped, the tentacles bend towards the prey due to irregular cell growth. Top right: Pinguicula reticulata , a small plant with sticky, glandular hairs. Bottom left: Sarracenia alabamensis , a species found in Alabama, has a pitfall trap. The reddish color on the plant attract insects to the trap. They walk in and fall down the trap, which has waxy walls and hairs pointing downwards, and they can’t get out. They drown in the digestive juices at the bottom of the trap. Bottom right: Utricularia (the freshwater carnivorous plant) has an active trapping system, made up of small bladder-like structures (common name is bladderwort) that it can suck prey into in about 1/30 of a second. **Next show the videoclip from the internet of the venus fly-trap ( Dionaea ) capturing prey and the short animation clips of Drosera, Utricularia and Drosophyllum.
The picture is the partially digested contents of insects in a carnivorous plant. They produce very mild digestive enzymes that slowly digest the animals that they capture. Bacteria often live on the carnivorous plant and they secrete their own digestive enzymes (the plant sometimes also has its own enzymes). This is an example of symbiosis, because both the bacteria and plant benefit (bacteria gets food and a place to live and the plant gets help digesting).
The decaying plants release acidic compounds, which accumulate in the water. There is no outflow of water, so these acidic compounds stay in the water and make it acidic (lower the pH). Two things happen when the pH of the water is lowered: 1) Microorganisms that aid in decomposition cannot function, so dead plants do not decay (they just sit there). With such low decomposition, there are few nutrients available. 2) When soil is acidic, it is difficult for plants to assimilate nutrients, so the few nutrients that are there, the plants cannot take up. The first photo is of a Sarracenia (pitcher plant) bog, the second is of a rocky mountain wetland.
Only 3-5% of carnivorous plant habitat remains! Many habitats, especially in Florida, need periodic fires to keep out species that don’t belong and regenerate species that do belong. Water pollution can kill carnivorous plants. When we take too much groundwater (for drinking, industrial and agricultural uses) this can lower the water table, which can take the water out of wetlands and kill the plants that need water to survive. Carnivorous plants are very beautiful and intriguing plants, so people often collect them from the wild. This hurts wild populations and has even put some species on the endangered species list. All Sarracenia , Nepenthes and Dionaea muscipula (the venus fly trap) are on the endangered or threatened species list. This means that it is illegal to kill (or take) any part of these plants. You can be fined $1000’s of dollars for harming them or taking them. If you are interested in owning some carnivorous plants, there are many nurseries that sell plants that were not poached from the wild. The picture is of a drained wetland in Florida.
Answers: 1) They can attract, capture, kill and digest animals (insects) 2) Non-carnivorous plants can attract insects (for pollination) 3) No-they have been grown in labs and survived with no meat. 4) Everywhere except Antarctica (most abundant in Australia, SE Asia, and North America). 5) 600 species and sub-species: No, they are not all related, they all separately evolved the trait of carnivory (convergent evolution).
Nutrient poor wetlands The lack of nutrients available in the soil The decaying plants release acidic compounds, which accumulate in the water. There is no outflow of water, so these acidic compounds stay in the water and make it acidic (lower the pH). Two things happen when the pH of the water is lowered: 1) Microorganisms that aid in decomposition cannot function, so dead plants do not decay (they just sit there). With such low decomposition, there are few nutrients available. 2) When soil is acidic, it is difficult for plants to assimilate nutrients, so the few nutrients that are there, the plants cannot take up. 4) Because they do not have to put energy into specialized structures like carnivorous plants do.
Insects, spiders and the aquatic plants eat small animals, fish and mosquito larvae. Amphibians (frogs), birds and rodents Active and passive Active: Utricularia (the bladderwort) has small bladders that suck prey in. The venus fly trap ( Dionaea ) has a trap that closes very quickly when an insect touches the trigger hairs. The cells on the inside of the trap become limp and the leaf closes. Passive: The pitcher plant has a pitfall trap that insects crawl in and can’t get out because of the waxy coating and hairs pointing downwards. Many carnivorous plants have glandular hairs that insects get stuck in and then the plant digests them.
They can attract, capture, kill and digest animals (insects). Non-carnivorous plants attract insects for pollination. 600 species and sub-species that are not all related (convergent evolution). Found most commonly in nutrient poor wetlands everywhere except Antarctica. Lack of nutrients.
Insects and spiders. Less common are amphibians, birds and rodents. Some capture prey for insects to eat and eat the insect feces, some eat bird feces. Active and passive traps. Some secrete digestive enzymes, some use enzymes and bacteria to help them digest (symbiosis). Humans have drained wetlands (destroyed habitat), suppressed fire (detrimental to many carnivorous plant habitats around the world), polluted the water (kills the plants), used too much water which lowered the water table, and poached plants (many species on endangered species list).