Nutrition in Animals and Plants

1. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS

2. LEARNING OUTCOME
To outline nutrition
To elaborate on vitamins and minerals
To introduce types of nutrition
To enumerate plant disease

3. LEARNING OBJECTIVE
From where do we obtain energy?

4. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
• We all obtain energy by taking healthy food at the correct time.

5. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
• The process of taking nutrients from the food that we eat is
known as nutrition.

6. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
• A living being needs to be nourished for growth and also for the
replacement of tissues.

7. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 NUTRITION
• A nutrient can be defined as ” a constituent of food that helps in
one way or the other in body functions”.

8. TYPES OF NUTRIENTS
CARBOHYDRATES Provides energy. Example: Starch, sugar.
PROTEINS Body building material. Example: Pulses, milk, egg.
FATS Provides energy. Example: Ghee, oil, butter.
MINERALS Each mineral has a specific role in the body.
VITAMINS
Required for normal functioning of various body
processes.

9. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 NUTRITIVE FOOD

10. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Nutritive food is the one which
provides:
• Energy to do work.

11. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Nutritive food is the one which
provides:
• Nutrients for the growth.

12. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Nutritive food is the one which
provides:
• Repair of damaged cells
and tissues.

13. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Nutritive food is the one which
provides:
• Materials for keeping us
healthy and disease free.

14. LEARNING OUTCOME
To outline nutrition
To elaborate on vitamins and minerals
To introduce types of nutrition
To enumerate plant disease

15. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
VITAMINS

16. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Vitamin A (Retinol)
 Deficiency - Night blindness,
Xerophthalmia.

17. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Vitamin A (Retinol)
 Symptoms - Poor vision in dim
light, dryness of the eyes.

18. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Vitamin A (Retinol)
 Food sources - Milk, milk
products, eggs, red vegetables,
yellow fruits.

19. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
 Deficiency - Beri-Beri

20. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
 Symptoms - Pain in hands
and feet and swelling of the
body.

21. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
 Food sources - Milk, cheese,
liver, green leafy vegetables,
whole grains.

22. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
 Deficiency – Riboflavinosis

23. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
 Symptoms - Retarded growth
and mental disorder.

24. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
 Food sources - Milk, liver,
yeast, whole grains, green leafy
vegetables.

25. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Vitamin B7 (Niacin)
 Deficiency – Pellagra

26. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Vitamin B7 (Niacin)
 Symptoms - Dermatitis,
Diarrhoea

27. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Vitamin B7 (Niacin)
 Food sources - Milk, fish,
grains, green leafy vegetables.

28. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)
 Deficiency – Pernicious Anaemia

29. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)
 Symptoms - Retarded growth,
Paleness of skin.

30. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)
 Food sources - Cheese, milk,
meat, liver, fish.

31. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) (Niacin)
 Deficiency – Scurvy

32. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) (Niacin)
 Symptoms - Bleeding gums, Pain
in joints.

33. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) (Niacin)
 Food sources - Amla, tomato,
guava, pineapple.

34. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Vitamin D (Calciferol)
 Deficiency – Rickets in children
and osteomalacia in adults

35. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Vitamin D (Calciferol)
 Symptoms - Bowlegs, pigeon
chest and softening of bones.

36. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Vitamin D (Calciferol)
 Food sources - Milk, cheese,
egg, exposure to sunlight.

37. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Vitamin E (Tocopherol)
 Deficiency – Sterility in males
and abortion may occur in
females

38. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Vitamin E (Tocopherol)
 Symptoms - Abnormal
functioning of reproductive
system and muscles.

39. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Vitamin E (Tocopherol)
 Food sources - Green leafy
vegetables, milk, butter and
meat.

40. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
MINERALS

41. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Minerals – Calcium
 Needed for - Building bones
and teeth and in blood
clotting.

42. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Minerals – Calcium
 Deficiency symptoms -
Softening and deformation of
bones, loss of teeth enamel.

43. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Minerals – Calcium
 Sources - Milks, eggs, fish,
vegetables.

44. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Minerals – Phosphorous
 Needed for - Building strong
bones and teeth.

45. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Minerals – Phosphorous
 Deficiency symptoms -
Softening of bones, bow legs,
pigeon – chest.

46. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Minerals – Phosphorous
 Sources - Milk, meat, nuts,
beans and cereals.

47. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Minerals – Iron
 Needed for - Formation of
haemoglobin in RBCs.

48. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Minerals – Iron
 Deficiency symptoms - Lose
weight, looks pale, loses
appetite.

49. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Minerals – Iron
 Sources - Green leafy
vegetables, egg yolk and liver.

50. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Minerals – Iodine
 Needed for - Producing a
hormone which controls the
oxidation of food inside the
body.

51. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Minerals – Iodine
 Deficiency symptoms - Goitre,
dwarfism, mental retardation,
swelling of face and hands.

52. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Minerals – Iodine
 Sources - Iodised salt and
seafood.

53. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Minerals – Sodium and Potassium
 Needed for - Normal functioning
of nerves and muscles.

54. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Minerals – Sodium and Potassium
 Deficiency symptoms - High BP,
fatigue, loss of appetite.

55. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Minerals – Sodium and Potassium
 Sources – Banana, milk,
vegetables, meat.

56. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 OBESITY
• When a person takes in more calories that are required by the
body, the excess energy produced gets stored in the body as fats
and the person gains weight.

57. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 OBESITY
• Obesity can cause shortness of breath, swollen ankles, heart
diseases, diabetes, hypertension, etc.

58. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 To avoid obesity:
• Eat food according to age,
sex and nature of job or
work.

59. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 To avoid obesity:
• Stop eating when the hunger
is satisfied.

60. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 To avoid obesity:
• Cut down on carbohydrates
such as bread, cakes, sugar,
oil, fried food, etc.

61. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 To avoid obesity:
• One should eat unsaturated
fats like vegetable oils.

62. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 To avoid obesity:
• Exercise regularly.

63. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
 Three most important factors affecting photosynthesis are:
• Carbon dioxide.
• Light.
• Temperature.

64. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 END PRODUCTS OF
PHOTOSYNTHESIS

65. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 END PRODUCTS OF
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
 The two end products of
photosynthesis are:
• GLUCOSE (C₆H₁₂O₆)
• The glucose (sugar) is
immediately utilised by the
cells or stored in the form of
insoluble starch, sucrose, or
used in synthesising fats,
proteins, etc.,

66. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 END PRODUCTS OF
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
 The two end products of
photosynthesis are:
• OXYGEN
• A small portion of oxygen is
used in photorespiration and
a major portion diffuses out
into the atmosphere through
the leafy surfaces.

67. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 EXAMPLES OF FOOD ADDITIVES
 PRESERVATIVES
 Ascorbic Acid, Calcium
Sorbate, And Sodium
Nitrite.

68. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 EXAMPLES OF FOOD ADDITIVES
 COLOR ADDITIVES
 Fruit And Vegetables
Juices, Yellow 5, And
Beta-carotene.

69. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 EXAMPLES OF FOOD ADDITIVES
 FLAVORS AND SPICES
 'Real' Vanilla Or 'Artificial'
Vanilla.

70. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 EXAMPLES OF FOOD ADDITIVES
 FLAVOR ENHANCERS
 MSG And Yeast.

71. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 EXAMPLES OF FOOD ADDITIVES
 EMULSIFIERS
 Soy Lecithin, Mono And
Diglyceride.

72. LEARNING OUTCOME
To outline nutrition
To elaborate on vitamins and minerals
To introduce types of nutrition
To enumerate plant disease

73. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
MACRO NUTRIENTS AND MICRO NUTRIENTS FOR
THE PLANTS

74. MACRONUTRIENTS
Nutrients Role in the plant
Major deficiency
symptoms
Nitrogen (N)
Major constituent of all
proteins
Yellowing of leaves,
wrinkling
Phosphorous (P
Constituent of cell
membrane and certain
proteins
Purple and red spots on
leaves, delay in used
germination
Potassium (K)
Abundant in growing
tissues, and involved in
opening and closing of
stomata
Poor growth

75. MICRONUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS ROLE IN THE PLANT
MAJOR DEFICIENCY
SYMPTOMS
Iron (Fe) Constituent of proteins Yellowing of leaves
Manganese (Mn) Constituent of enzymes
Yellowing of leaves, with
grey spots
Zinc (Zn)
Constituent of plant
hormones, activate enzymes
De-shaped leaves,
Yellowing of leaves,
stunted growth

76. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 TYPES OF NUTRITION
• AUTOTROPHIC
• HETEROTROPHIC

77. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 AUTOTROPHIC
• Organisms that make their
own food from simple raw
materials.
• Example: Plants.

78. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 HETEROTROPHIC
• Organisms that depend on
other organisms for food.
• Example: Animals, Human
beings.

79. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 HOLOZOIC NUTRITION
• HERBIVORES
• Animals which feed on plants.
• Example – Cow, Horse

80. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 HOLOZOIC NUTRITION
• CARNIVORES
• Animals which feed on flesh.
• Example – Lion, Tiger, Cat

81. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 HOLOZOIC NUTRITION
• OMNIVORES
• Animals which eat both plants and
animals.
• Example – Man and Crow.

82. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 SAPROPHYTIC NUTRITION
• Organisms drawing
nourishment from dead
decaying organic remains.
• Example: Bacteria, fungus

83. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 PARASITIC NUTRITION
• Animals who derive nutrition
from the host body.
• Example: Mosquitoes,
tapeworm

84. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 FOOD CHAIN
PLANTS -> GRASSHOPPER-> FROG-> SNAKE-> HAWK
• The plants are the producers which make their own food.

85. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 FOOD CHAIN
PLANTS -> GRASSHOPPER-> FROG-> SNAKE-> HAWK
• Insects like grasshoppers eat plants and are herbivores.

86. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 FOOD CHAIN
PLANTS -> GRASSHOPPER-> FROG-> SNAKE-> HAWK
• The frog feeds on the insect and is the primary consumer or
carnivore.

87. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 FOOD CHAIN
PLANTS -> GRASSHOPPER-> FROG-> SNAKE-> HAWK
• The snake is the secondary consumer or secondary carnivore
which eats the primary carnivore.

88. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
 FOOD CHAIN
PLANTS -> GRASSHOPPER-> FROG-> SNAKE-> HAWK
• The hawk is the tertiary consumer or carnivore which feeds on
the snake.

89. LEARNING OUTCOME
To outline nutrition
To elaborate on vitamins and minerals
To introduce types of nutrition
To enumerate plant disease

90. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
PLANT DISEASES

91. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
DISEASE PLANT AFFECTED
BUD BLIGHT SOY BEANS
CURLY TOP BEANS, TOMATA, SUGAR BEETS
MOSAIC LEAF TOMATO, TOBACCO, CORN, LEGUME, CUCUMBER
YELLOWING OF LEAF BARLEY, SUGAR BEET, POTATO
SPOTTED WILT VIRUS TOMATO, CAPSICUM
CHLOROSIS VIRUS TOMATO, CAPSICUM

92. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
DISEASE PLANT AFFECTED
BLIGHT VEGETABLE CROPS, FRUIT TREES
BACTERIAL WILTS CORN, TOBACCO, POTATOES, TOMATOES
BACTERIAL SPECK FRUITS AND VEGETABLES OF DIFFERENT PLANTS

93. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
DISEASE PLANT AFFECTED
CANKERS LARGELY WOODY PLANTS
DOWNY MILDEW GRAINS, ONIONS, CUCUMBERS, ALFALFA
POWDERY MILDEW GRAINS, LEGUMES
TUBER DISEASES POTATO, SWEET POTATO

94. NUTRITION IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS
DISEASE PLANT AFFECTED
HAIRY ROOT SUGAR BEETS, POTATOES, SOYBEANS
ROOT LESIONS DIFFERENT SPECIES OF PLANTS GET AFFECTED
ROOT-KNOT TOMATOES, PEANUTS

95. LEARNING OUTCOME
To outline nutrition
To elaborate on vitamins and minerals
To introduce types of nutrition
To enumerate plant disease

96. Learning Activity
Prepare A Balanced Diet?

97. Whiteboard