Building Science 2

1. BUILDING SCIENCE II [BLD61303 / ARC3413]
Project 2: Integration Project
Name : Teo Hong Wei
ID : 0322990
Tutor : Mr. Azim Sulaiman

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Table Content
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Objective
1.2 Project Introduction
2.0 Site Analysis
3.0 Floor Plans
4.0 Lighting Analysis
4.1 Space A – Studio
4.1.1 Daylight Situation
4.1.2 Lumen Method
4.2 Space B – Café
4.2.1 Daylight Situation
4.2.2 Lumen Method
4.2.3 PSALI
5.0 References

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1.0 Introduction
1.1 Objective
The objective of this project is to integrate lighting analysis into our final studio
design, which is a community library at Jalan Tunku Abdul Rahman, to show our
understanding of artificial lighting and daylighting strategies, designing spaces
incorporating artificial and daylighting, and to solve design problems relating to
sustainability issues.
1.2 Project Introduction
The proposed site of the community library is at Jalan TAR. The design intention and
concept of my community library is to regain the identity of Jalan TAR by enhancing
the sense of place, and to create a place which gives a sense of belonging for the
community, and spaces to connect them together. To achieve the design intention
and concept, a warm ambience is needed in the community library, which makes the
corporation of lighting into the proposed community library very important.

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2.0 Site Analysis
Figure 2.0.1 Sun Orientation diagram at Jalan TAR
The Community Library is an infill site located t Jalan Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kuala
Lumpur, with its front facing East and the back facing West side. Although there are
buildings at its opposite and back, they are far and low enough to allow sunlight to
penetrate directly towards the community library. The front of the building receives
morning sunlight, and the back of the building receives afternoon and evening
sunlight.

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3.0 Floor Plans
G FLOOR PLAN SCALE 1:200

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1B FLOOR PLAN SCALE 1:200

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2B FLOOR PLAN SCALE 1:200

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3B FLOOR PLAN SCALE 1:200

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4TH FLOOR PLAN SCALE 1:200

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4.0 Lighting Analysis
4.1 Space A: Studio
The selected space is a studio which is located at floor 2A, which is used as a space
for the community at the site to produce art and craft. Hence, a higher illumination is
required in the space for tasks which requires clearer vision.
Figure 4.1.1 Enlarged 2A Floor Plan highlighting Studio Space at scale 1:100

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4.1.1 Daylight Situation
To ensure the lighting in the space is even and stable for art and craft production, the
space is placed in the middle of the building and can be fully enclosed, where natural
light could not reach the space and affect the lighting in the selected space.
Figure 4.1.2 Lighting contour diagram in Studio space without artificial lighting

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4.1.2 Lumen Method
To create even and stable lighting for the selected space, Lumen Method is used to
calculate the light level of the room, and establish a uniform luminaire layout in the
space.
Type of Fixture LED light bulb with pendant fixture
Image of Fixture
Product Dimension (mm) 400 (pendant diameter), 66 (bulb diameter)
Type of Luminous Cool White
Luminous Flux (lm) 1600
Power (W) 15.5
Color Temperature (K) 4000
Color Rendering Index 80
Average Life Rate (hours) 25000
Dimenstion of room (m) L = 7.66, W = 4.825
Total floor area (m
2
) 37
Height of ceiling (m) 3.4
Type of light fixture LED light bulb with pendant fixture
Luminous flux of lighting, F (lm) 1600
Height of Luminaires (m) 2.8
Height of working plane (m) 0.8
Mounting height, Hm (m) 3.4 – 0.6 – 0.8 = 2
Standard illumination required 300 (workshop)
Reflectance factor Ceiling (Grey painted ceiling) = 0.5
Wall (Brown raw brick wall, wooden panels) = 0.3
Floor (Wooden decking) = 0.1
Room Index, RI (K) RI = L x W/ Hm x (L + W)
RI = 7.66 x 4.825 / 2 x (7.66 + 4.825)
= 1.48
Utilization factor, UF 0.5
Maintenance factor, MF 0.95
Number of fittings required, N N = E x A / F x UF x MF
N = 300 x 37 / 1600 x 0.5 x 0.95
= 14.6
N = 15 bulbs
Maximum horizontal spacing
between fittings, Smax (m)
Smax = 1.0 x Hm
= 1.0 x 2
= 2
Fitting Layout Fitting required along 7.66m wall,
7.66 / 1.5 (m) = 5.1 ~ 5 rows
Number of lamps in each row,
15 / 5 = 3 lamps
Spacing required between fittings = 1.5m

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Figure 4.1.3 Reflected Ceiling Plan of Studio with proposed artificial lighting layout at scale 1:100

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Figure 4.1.4 Section Analysis Diagram of Studio space with artificial lighting at scale 1:100
Figure 4.1.5 Light Contour Diagram of Studio Space with proposed artificial lighting

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4.2 Space B: Cafe
The second selected space is a cafe which is located at the back of the ground floor,
which is facing West side. The cafe is a casual space for light food and beverages,
with a warm ambience which gives a sense of tradition and culture.
Figure 4.2.1 Enlarged G Floor Plan highlighting Cafe Space at scale 1:100

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4.2.1 Daylight Situation
As the cafe is located at the back entrance which is facing West side, huge amount
of natural light can penetrate deeply into the space from the large opening at the
back entrance.
Figure 4.2.2 Daylight Contour Diagram of Cafe
Average Daylight Factor = 5.4%
Dimenstion of room (m) L = 11.935, W = 7.6
Height of ceiling (m) 3.4
Area of windows, W (m
2
) (4.7 x 3) + (2.5 x 2.1)
= 19.35
Total area of internal surfaces, A (m
2
) 2(11.935 x 7.6) + 2(11.935 x 3.4) + 2(7.6 x 3.4) – 19.35
= 294.9
Transmittance, T 0.8
Average reflectance, R 0.3
Visible sky angle, θ 90° - 15° - 3°
= 72°
Average Daylight Factor (%) Average DF = W / A x T θ / (1 – R)
= 19.35/294.9 x 0.8 x 72°/(1 – 0.3)
= 5.4
The café is considered bright without artificial lighting.

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4.2.2 Lumen Method
To create adequate lighting for the selected space when there is no natural light,
Lumen Method is used to calculate the light level of the room, and establish a
uniform luminaire layout in the space.
Type of Fixture Halogen light bulb with pendant fixture
Image of Fixture
Product Dimension (mm) 400 (pendant diameter), 60 (bulb diameter)
Type of Luminous Warm White
Luminous Flux (lm) 1235
Power (W) 75
Color Temperature (K) 2700
Color Rendering Index 80
Average Life Rate (hours) 1000
Dimension of room (m) L = 11.935, W = 7.6
Total floor area (m
2
) 90.706
Height of ceiling (m) 3.4
Type of light fixture Halogen light bulb with pendant fixture
Luminous flux of lighting, F (lm) 1600
Height of Luminaires (m) 2.8
Height of working plane (m) 0.8
Mounting height, Hm (m) 3.4 – 0.6 – 0.8 = 2
Standard illumination required 200 (Cafeteria)
Reflectance factor Ceiling (Grey painted ceiling) = 0.5
Wall (Brown raw brick wall) = 0.3
Floor (Aged concrete) = 0.1
Room Index, RI (K) RI = L x W/ Hm x (L + W)
RI = 11.935 x 7.6 / 2 x (11.935 + 7.6)
= 2.32
Utilization factor, UF 0.58
Maintenance factor, MF 0.95
Number of fittings required, N N = E x A / F x UF x MF
N = 200 x 90.706 / 1235 x 0.58 x 0.95
= 26.66
N = 27 bulbs
Maximum horizontal spacing
between fittings, Smax (m)
Smax = 1.0 x Hm
= 1.0 x 2
= 2
Fitting Layout Fitting required along 11.935m wall,
11.935 / 1.7 (m) = 7.02 ~ 7 rows
Number of lamps in each row,
27 / 7 = 3.8 ~ 4 lamps
Spacing required between fittings = 1.7m

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Figure 4.2.3 Reflected Ceiling Plan of Cafe with proposed artificial lighting layout at scale 1:100

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Figure 4.2.4 Section Analysis Diagram of Cafe space with artificial lighting at scale 1:100
Figure 4.2.5 Light Contour Diagram of Cafe with proposed artificial lighting

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4.2.3 PSALI
As there are huge amount of daylight penetrating into the space of Café, it can be
fully utilized to its maximum by using the PSALI concept, supplementing the daylight
with artificial light when needed. The amount of daylight penetrating into the space is
different in different time or situation, 3 switches are proposed to provide supplement
artificial lighting according to different situation.
Figure 4.2.6 Proposed PSALI artificial lighting layout with 3 switches at scale 1:100

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PSALI Method Section Diagrams
Café Section Scale 1:100
Situation A: Minimum or no daylight, using only artificial lighting, switch 1, 2, 3 are all
switched on.
Situation B: Daylight able to reach front part of the space, switch 2, 3 are switched
on to light up the entire space.
Situation C: Daylight able to reach more than half of the space, switch 3 is switched
on to support daylight.

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Light Contour Diagrams
Situation B Situation C

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5.0 References
1. Task Lighting & Daylighting - Efficient & Effective Workplace Lighting Solution.
(2016, October 26). Retrieved July 16, 2017, from
http://blog.japhethlim.com/index.php/2012/10/18/task-lighting-daylighting-
efficient-effective-workplace-lighting-solution/
2. | wiki.naturalfrequency.com | ECOTECT COMMUNITY WIKI! (n.d.). Retrieved
from http://wiki.naturalfrequency.com/wiki/Artifical_Levels_Grid
3. Bulbs. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.bulbs.com/
4. (n.d.). Retrieved July 16, 2017, from
http://personal.cityu.edu.hk/~bsapplec/lumen.htm