1. States of MatterStates of Matter
Different Phases ofDifferent Phases of
Earth's ElementsEarth's Elements

2. MatterMatter
 All matter is made ofAll matter is made of atomsatoms
 atoms of the same kind combine to form pureatoms of the same kind combine to form pure
elementselements
 different types of atoms join to make moleculardifferent types of atoms join to make molecular
compoundscompounds
 What makes gold soft and shiny?What makes gold soft and shiny?
 What causes salt to form into crystals?What causes salt to form into crystals?
 Why is Helium "lighter than air"Why is Helium "lighter than air"

3. Common States of MatterCommon States of Matter
 Elements & compounds can exist in different statesElements & compounds can exist in different states

4. States of MatterStates of Matter
States of matter are classifiedStates of matter are classified
based on...based on...
 particle arrangementparticle arrangement
 what patterns thewhat patterns the
atoms/molecules formatoms/molecules form
 energy of particlesenergy of particles
 how fast the atoms/moleculeshow fast the atoms/molecules
are movingare moving
 distance between particlesdistance between particles
 how far apart thehow far apart the
atoms/molecules areatoms/molecules are

5. SolidsSolids
 Particles are tightly packedParticles are tightly packed
 Particle vibrate about a fixed position.Particle vibrate about a fixed position.
 They have a definite shape and aThey have a definite shape and a
definite volume.definite volume.
 retain their shape regardless of containerretain their shape regardless of container
 cannot be compressedcannot be compressed

6. LiquidsLiquids
 Particles are still tightly packed, but areParticles are still tightly packed, but are
far enough apart to slide over onefar enough apart to slide over one
another.another.
 Have an indefinite shapeHave an indefinite shape
 they take the shape of the container they arethey take the shape of the container they are
placed inplaced in
 Have a definite volumeHave a definite volume
 cannot be compressedcannot be compressed

7. GasesGases
 Particles are very far apart and moveParticles are very far apart and move
freely.freely.
 Have an indefinite shapeHave an indefinite shape
 conform to whatever container they areconform to whatever container they are
place inplace in
 Have an indefinite volumeHave an indefinite volume
 can be compressedcan be compressed

8. PlasmasPlasmas
 A plasma is an ionized gas.A plasma is an ionized gas.
 superheated over 1,000superheated over 1,000oo
CC
 electrons are stripped of the atomselectrons are stripped of the atoms
 A plasma is a very good conductorA plasma is a very good conductor
of electricityof electricity
 it is affected by magnetic fieldsit is affected by magnetic fields
 has an overall neutral chargehas an overall neutral charge
 Plasmas, like gases have anPlasmas, like gases have an
indefinite shape and an indefiniteindefinite shape and an indefinite
volume.volume.

9. Bose-Einstein CondensateBose-Einstein Condensate
 Super-cooled matter (near absolute zeroSuper-cooled matter (near absolute zero
or - 273or - 273oo
C) forms another stateC) forms another state
HigherHigher
TemperatureTemperature
LowerLower
TemperatureTemperature

10.  In a Bose-Einstein condensate, atoms canIn a Bose-Einstein condensate, atoms can
no longer bounce around as individuals.no longer bounce around as individuals.
Instead they must all act in exactly theInstead they must all act in exactly the
same way, and you can no longer tellsame way, and you can no longer tell
them apart!them apart!
 To fully understand B-E Condensates, youTo fully understand B-E Condensates, you
need to know quantum physics.need to know quantum physics.