Science 8 - 3rd Quarter Chemistry

1. Matter
An Insight Into The
Structure and
Properties of Matter

2. What Is Matter?
Matter is anything that has
mass and volume.
A cup, pen, and eraser are
made up of matter

3. What Is Matter?
 The definition of matter is often
taken to mean anything composed
of atoms and molecules.
 Thus, matter is anything made of
protons, neutrons, and
electrons.

4. Structure Of Matter
 The atom is the “building block of
matter”.
 All substances are composed of
invisible particles called atoms.
 Atoms are the building blocks of
matter and are in constant motion.
 The combination of atoms leads to
millions of materials with different
properties.

5. Atoms
Atoms are composed of three types
of particles: protons, neutrons, and
electrons.

6. Nucleus
 Atoms are made up of a positively charged center,
the nucleus, containing:
- Protons with a positive charge
- Neutrons with no charge (neutral)
O
+
O
+
= Neutron w/
Neutral Charge
= Proton w/
Positive Charge
Nucleus

7. Atom
 The electrons of an atom are found
orbiting the nucleus of the atom
 Electrons have a negative charge

8. Structure of Atom
http://www.ehs.utoronto.ca/services/radiation/radtraining/module1.htm

9. PHASES OF MATTER

10. Phases of Matter
Matter occurs in three states
such as solid, liquid and gas.
When ice melts, it changes its
state from solid to liquid. This
change of state is known as
melting. On the other hand,
animal oil solidifies when
cooled.

11. Phases of Matter
On the other hand, animal
oil solidifies when cooled.
This change of state from
liquid to solid is called
solidification. Both
melting and solidification
are referred as Phase
change.

12. Phases of Matter
 We can see that there is a phase
change when the current state of
matter changes into another
state, and still retaining its
original composition. When phase
change occurs, only the state of
the substance is change but its
chemical composition is retained.

13. Phases of Matter
 We can see that there is a phase
change when the current state of
matter changes into another
state, and still retaining its
original composition. When phase
change occurs, only the state of
the substance is change but its
chemical composition is retained.

16. Freezing/Solidification
When liquid state
changes back to a
solid state, this
phase change.

18. Melting
 is the change of
matter from solid
state to a liquid state.

20. Evaparation
 is changing matter
from the liquid state
to gas state.

22. Condensation
 is the change from
the gaseous state to
liquid state.

24. Sublimation
 When solid state
directly changes to
gas without passing
the liquid state.

26. Deposition
 Change from a
gaseous state directly
to solid state.

29. Phases of Matter
Matter is classified into
different phases
Solid
Liquid
Gas

30. Solid
Solids have definite:
Mass
Volume
Shape

31. Solid
Solids have definite:
Mass
Volume
Shape

32. Liquid
 Liquids have definite
 Mass
 Volume
 No definite shape.

33. Gas
 Gases have NO definite
 Mass
 Volume
 Shape

34. Plasma
 Plasma is the form of matter that
exists when the atoms are in an
excited state.
 Stars (the sun is a star) exist in the
plasma state because of nuclear
fusion.
 Some examples of plasma found on
Earth are: lightning, auroras, and
neon.

35. Plasma Video

36. Review - Phases of Matter
 Gases' shape is
determined by
container and volume
is determined by
container.
 Liquids shape is
determined by the
container and has
constant volume.
 Solids have constant
shape and volume.

37. Cites
 http://www.chem4kids.com/files/atom_structure.html
 http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/physics/matter/1.html
 http://education.jlab.org/beamsactivity/6thgrade/whatismatter/whatismatter.pdf
 http://ecisst.net/Documents/UbD%20%20Properties%20of%20Matter%20-
%20Lin%20and%20Rosemarie.doc
 http://staffweb.psdschools.org/jbarnaby/8_pwrpt/Matter%20Power%20point.ppt#270,
15,Volume of rectangular solids
 http://southwestgk12.tamu.edu/LessonPlans.asp?ID=378&type=search&num=100&ter
ms=matter&content=lessonplans&subject=allsubjects&grade=allgrades&query=query&
hl=no&count=8&number=8&view=yes