1. Grammar Book Jose Luis

2. Table of Contents 12. Ser vs. Estar 13. Verbs like Gustar 14.Comparatives/Superlatives 15. Transition Words 16. Future 17. Trigger Words 18. Irregulars 19. Por 20. Para 21. Demonstrative Adjectives 22. Demonstrative Pronouns Preterit Trigger Words Car/Gar/Zar’s Spock Verbs Cucaracha Snake Snaky Imperfect Trigger Words Irregulars Preterit vs. Imperfect

3. Preterit The preterit is a completed action in the past (Snapshot) IR i iste io imos ieron AR e aste o amos aron ER i iste io imos ieron

4. Trigger Words El dia anterior- The day before Ayer- Yesterday La semanapasada- Last Weeek El fin de semanapasada- Last Weekend El mespasado- Last Month El otrodia- The other day Anoche- Last night Ya- Already Anteayer- Day before Yester day Por fin- Finally

5. CAR/GAR/ZAR Verbs Verbs with a -car ending change to -qué Buscar Yobusquépor mi libro. Verbs with a -gar ending change to -gué Verbs with a -zar ending change to -cé

6. Spock Verbs

7. Snake Verbs Stem Changers in the preterit Only change in the 3rdPerson DormirDurmió

8. Snaky Verbs Stem changers in the Preterit Change only in the 3rd person Y is added Leer leye

10. For actions that “set the stage” for another past action

11. For telling time

12. For stating age

13. For mental states (usually)

14. For physical sensations (usually)

16. Irregulars

17. PreteritoImperfecto AR ER/IR E í Asteiste O ío Amos imos Aronieron Irregulars Spok Verbs Cucaracha Verbs Completed action in the past AR ER/IR Abaía Abasías Abaía Abamosíamos Abanían Irregulars Ir, ser, ver Action in the past that has no definite beginning or end

18. SER Vs ESTAR D- Description O- Origin C- Characteristics T- Time O- Occupation R- Relationship P- Physical Characteristics E- Event D- Date H- Health E- Emotion L- Location P- Physical Appearance I N G -ando

20. I like to play soccer Me gusta a jugarfutbol.

21. The pronouns to the left go before the verb depending on who is liking it.

22. If the object being liked is plural an –n is placed at the end.

24. Transition Words Aunque-eventhough También-also Mientras-while A Pesar de- inspite of Por lo Tanto- therefore Sin Embargo- nevertheless

25. Future

26. Trigger Words Mañana En el futuro En el día próximo En el año próximo

27. Irregulars Decir Dir- Hacer Har- Poner Pondr- Salir Saldr- Tener Tendr- Valer Valdr- Venir Vendr- Poder Podr- Querer Querr- Saber Sabr- Caber Cabr- Haber Habr- É ás á emoséisán

28. Por Passing through PORtal General rather than specific location PORtugal How long something lasts PORever The cause of something PORpuse An exchange imPORt/exPORT Doing something in place of or instead of someone else I’m POR, pay for me A means of transportation transPORtation

29. Para For whom something is done Surprise PARAty Destination PARAguay The purpose for which something is done PARAsites/PARAchute To express an opinion PARAdon (for me) To contrast/compare comPARAson Idea or Deadline PARAmedic