This document provides an overview of Spanish grammar topics including: - Preterite verb conjugations for regular and irregular verbs - Imperfect verb conjugations for regular verbs - Common words that indicate the preterite and imperfect tenses - Verbs like gustar, comparatives, superlatives, and connecting words - Future tense conjugations for regular and irregular verbs - Uses of por and para expressions

1. Grammar Book CarlotaDavis

2. Table of Contents Preterite Trigger Words Car Gar Zar Spock CucarachaSnake Verbs Snakey Verbs Imperfect Trigger Words Irregulars Preterite vs. Imperfect Ser vs. Estar13. Verbs like Gustar 14. Comparatives/ Superlatives 15. Transition/Connecting Words 16. Future 17. Trigger Words 18. Irregulars 19. Por/Para 20. Por Expressions 21. Para Expressions

3. Prederite AR a amosasteo aron ER/IR iimosisteioieron

4. Pretérito Trigger Words Ayer: YesterdayEstanoche: TonightHace dos días: Two days agoEl miércoles : On WednesdayUnavez: One time/OnceAnteayer: Day before yesterdayEl lunespasado: Last MondayUnavez: One time/OnceDurante dos siglos: During two centuriesEl día anterior: The day beforeA lasocho: At 8 o'clockAyer por la mañana: Yesterday morningEl otrodía: The other dayDesde el primer momento: From the first momentEntonces: Then

5. Car Gar Zar Verbs that end in Gar in the Preterite change the g to gu in the yo form Verbs that end in Car in the Preterite change the c to qu in the yo form juguéjugamosjugastejugójugaronbusqué buscamosbuscastebuscó buscaronVerbs that end in Zar in the Preterite change the z to c in the yo form crucé cruzamoscruzastecruzó cruzaron

6. Spock HandIrregular Preterite Forms IRVERDARVi Viste Vio Vimos Vieron SERFui Fuiste FueFuimos Fueron DiDiste Dio Dimos Dieron HACERHice Hiciste Hizo HicimosHicieron

7. Cucaracha Verbs TenertuvVenirvinConducircondujProducirprodujTraducirtradujDecirdijTraer trajAndaranduvEstarestuvPoderpudPoner pusQuererquisSaber sup

8. Snake Verbs Snake verbs change in the third person preterite. They change from an i to an e. PedíPedimosPedistePidióPidieron

9. Snakey Verbs LeíLeímosLeísteLeyóLeyeronSnakey Verbs are verbs that in the preterite change from an i to a y in the third person singular and plural.

10. Imperfect ARabaabasabaabamosabanER/IRiaiasiaíamosían

11. Imperfecto Trigger Words Siempre: AlwaysTodos los días/ Cadadía: Every dayA menudo: OftenDe vez en cuando: OccasionallyCadames: Every monthMuchasveces: Many timesCasisiempre: Almost alwaysMientras: WhilePor un rato: For awhileVariasveces: Several timesEn aquellaepoca: At that timeNunca: NeverGeneralmente: GenerallyFrecuentemente: FrequentlyA veces: Sometimes

12. Imperfect Irregulars IribaibasibaíbamosibanSereraeras era erámoseranVerveíaveíasveíaveíamosveían

14. HealthOEmotionCOriginiendoandoTLocationORPresent CondictionD-Description O- Occupation C-Characteristics T- Time O- Origin R- RelationshipP- Possession E-Event D- Direction

15. Verbs Like Gustar AburrirEncantarFaltarFascinarImportarInteresarMolestarQuedarCaerbien/mal DisgustarHacerfaltaProcuparSoprenderAptecerWhen gustar and verbs like gustar are followed by one or more verbs in the infinitive the singular form of gustar or a verb like gustar is used. “A” comes before the subject of the sentence when a verb like gustar is being used. Example: A Adela le enconta la musica de Shakira.

16. Comparatives/SuperlativesSuperlatives=definite article+noun+mas(menos)+adjective+deExample: Felipe es el chico más inteligente en la clase. Comparatives Más… que- more than Menos… que- less than Tan…como- as…as Tanto…como- as much Example: Ana esmásaltaque Jessica.

17. Transition/Connector WordsSin embargo/ no obstante-neverthelessPero- But

18. El FuturoYo- infinitive+éTu- infinitive+ásEl/Ella/Usted- infinitive+áNosotros- infinitive+emosVosotros- infinitive+éisUstedes/Ellos/Ellas- infinitive+án

19. Future Trigger WordsEn el futuroEn el futuro PróximoMañana

20. Future Irregulars Dar-dir Hacer- harPoner- pondrSalir- saldrTener- tendrCaber- cabrValer- valdrPoder- podrQuerer-querSaber- sabrHaber- habrVendir- vendr

21. PorPORtal- Passing through PORtugal- general rather than specific location PORever- how long something lasts PORpuse- the cause of something imPORT/exPORT- an exchange I am POR, pay for me- doing something in place of or instead of something else transPORtation- a means of transportation ParaSurprise PARAty- for whom something is done PARAguay- destination PARAchute- the purpose for which something is done PARAdon me- the express an opinion comPARA- the compara or contrast PARAmedic- to express idea of deadline

22. Por Expressions Por adelantado- in advancePor ahora- fornowPor allí- aroundtherePor aquí- aroundherePor favor- pleasePor ejemple- forexamplePor desgracia- unfortunatelyPor completo- completelyPor lo tanto- consequentlyPor mi padre- as for me Por otra parte- ontheotherhandPor suerte- fortunatelyPor todas partes- everywherePor todosladias- onallsidesPor último- finally

23. Para Expressions Para siempre- foreverPara abajo- downwardPara que?- Why? Para variar- justfor a changePara que- so that, in ordertoPara esa época- bythat time Estar para- tobeabouttoPara entonces- bythat timePara detrás- backwardPara otra vez- foranotheroccasionSer tal para cual- betwo of a kindPara adelante- forward