This document provides an overview of Spanish grammar topics including: - Preterite verb conjugations for regular and irregular verbs - Imperfect verb conjugations for regular verbs - Common words that indicate the preterite and imperfect tenses - Verbs like gustar, comparatives, superlatives, and connecting words - Future tense conjugations for regular and irregular verbs - Uses of por and para expressions

1. Grammar Book CarlotaDavis

2. Table of Contents Preterite Trigger Words Car Gar Zar Spock Cucaracha Snake Verbs Snakey Verbs Imperfect Trigger Words Irregulars Preterite vs. Imperfect Ser vs. Estar 13. Verbs like Gustar 14. Comparatives/ Superlatives 15. Transition/Connecting Words 16. Future 17. Trigger Words 18. Irregulars 19. Por/Para 20. Por Expressions 21. Para Expressions

3. Prederite AR a amos aste o aron ER/IR iimos iste ioieron

4. Pretérito Trigger Words Ayer: Yesterday Estanoche: Tonight Hace dos días: Two days ago El miércoles : On Wednesday Unavez: One time/Once Anteayer: Day before yesterday El lunespasado: Last Monday Unavez: One time/Once Durante dos siglos: During two centuries El día anterior: The day before A lasocho: At 8 o'clock Ayer por la mañana: Yesterday morning El otrodía: The other day Desde el primer momento: From the first moment Entonces: Then

5. Car Gar Zar Verbs that end in Gar in the Preterite change the g to gu in the yo form Verbs that end in Car in the Preterite change the c to qu in the yo form juguéjugamos jugaste jugójugaron busqué buscamos buscaste buscó buscaron Verbs that end in Zar in the Preterite change the z to c in the yo form crucé cruzamos cruzaste cruzó cruzaron

6. Spock Hand Irregular Preterite Forms I R V E R D A R Vi Viste Vio Vimos Vieron S E R Fui Fuiste Fue Fuimos Fueron Di Diste Dio Dimos Dieron HACER Hice Hiciste Hizo Hicimos Hicieron

7. Cucaracha Verbs Tenertuv Venirvin Conducirconduj Producirproduj Traducirtraduj Decirdij Traer traj Andaranduv Estarestuv Poderpud Poner pus Quererquis Saber sup

8. Snake Verbs Snake verbs change in the third person preterite. They change from an i to an e. PedíPedimos Pediste PidióPidieron

9. Snakey Verbs LeíLeímos Leíste LeyóLeyeron Snakey Verbs are verbs that in the preterite change from an i to a y in the third person singular and plural.

10. Imperfect AR aba abas aba abamos aban ER/IR ia ias ia íamos ían

11. Imperfecto Trigger Words Siempre: Always Todos los días/ Cadadía: Every day A menudo: Often De vez en cuando: Occasionally Cadames: Every month Muchasveces: Many times Casisiempre: Almost always Mientras: While Por un rato: For awhile Variasveces: Several times En aquellaepoca: At that time Nunca: Never Generalmente: Generally Frecuentemente: Frequently A veces: Sometimes

12. Imperfect Irregulars Ir iba ibas iba íbamos iban Ser era eras era erámos eran Ver veía veías veía veíamos veían

14. Health O Emotion C Origin iendo ando T Location O R Present Condiction D-Description O- Occupation C-Characteristics T- Time O- Origin R- Relationship P- Possession E-Event D- Direction

15. Verbs Like Gustar Aburrir Encantar Faltar Fascinar Importar Interesar Molestar Quedar Caerbien/mal Disgustar Hacerfalta Procupar Soprender Aptecer When gustar and verbs like gustar are followed by one or more verbs in the infinitive the singular form of gustar or a verb like gustar is used. “A” comes before the subject of the sentence when a verb like gustar is being used. Example: A Adela le enconta la musica de Shakira.

16. Comparatives/Superlatives Superlatives=definite article+noun+mas(menos)+adjective+de Example: Felipe es el chico más inteligente en la clase. Comparatives Más… que- more than Menos… que- less than Tan…como- as…as Tanto…como- as much Example: Ana esmásaltaque Jessica.

17. Transition/Connector Words Sin embargo/ no obstante-nevertheless Pero- But

18. El Futuro Yo- infinitive+é Tu- infinitive+ás El/Ella/Usted- infinitive+á Nosotros- infinitive+emos Vosotros- infinitive+éis Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas- infinitive+án

19. Future Trigger Words En el futuro En el futuro Próximo Mañana

20. Future Irregulars Dar-dir Hacer- har Poner- pondr Salir- saldr Tener- tendr Caber- cabr Valer- valdr Poder- podr Querer-quer Saber- sabr Haber- habr Vendir- vendr

21. Por PORtal- Passing through PORtugal- general rather than specific location PORever- how long something lasts PORpuse- the cause of something imPORT/exPORT- an exchange I am POR, pay for me- doing something in place of or instead of something else transPORtation- a means of transportation Para Surprise PARAty- for whom something is done PARAguay- destination PARAchute- the purpose for which something is done PARAdon me- the express an opinion comPARA- the compara or contrast PARAmedic- to express idea of deadline

22. Por Expressions Por adelantado- in advance Por ahora- fornow Por allí- aroundthere Por aquí- aroundhere Por favor- please Por ejemple- forexample Por desgracia- unfortunately Por completo- completely Por lo tanto- consequently Por mi padre- as for me Por otra parte- ontheotherhand Por suerte- fortunately Por todas partes- everywhere Por todosladias- onallsides Por último- finally

23. Para Expressions Para siempre- forever Para abajo- downward Para que?- Why? Para variar- justfor a change Para que- so that, in orderto Para esa época- bythat time Estar para- tobeaboutto Para entonces- bythat time Para detrás- backward Para otra vez- foranotheroccasion Ser tal para cual- betwo of a kind Para adelante- forward