The document provides an overview of Spanish grammar concepts including: - The preterite and imperfect tenses, their uses and irregular verb forms. - Comparatives and superlatives as well as irregular forms. - The verbs estar and ser and how they are used. - Future tense triggers and irregular future verb forms. - The uses of por and para in Spanish.

1. Grammar Book SP3 Isabel Vogt

2. El Preterito Preterite Triggers Car.Gar.Zar Spock Verbs Snake and Snakey Cucaracha Verbs El Imperfecto Imperfect Triggers Imperfect Irregulars Preterite vs. Imperfect Verbs like Gustar Comparatives and Superlatives Comparative/Superlative Irregulars Estar Ser Transition Words El Futuro Triggers for Future Future Irregulars Par Por Table of Contexts

3. Preterite is used when you are talking about the past -ar éasteóamosasteisaron Er/ir íisteióimosisteisieron Ex. Ella caminó por el parque. Preterite

4. Words that are used with the preterite to signal the preterite is being used. Ayer Anteayer Anoche La semanapasada Ex. Ayer lavé mi carro Trigger words

5. Irregular preterite -car –gar –zar only take place in the “yo” form, otherwise use the regular preterite conjugation Verbs that end in –car conjugate to qué Ex. Sacarsaqué, sacaste, sacó, sacamos, sacaron Verbs that end in –gar conjugate to gué Ex. Llegarllegué, llegaste, llegó, llegamos, llegaron Verbs that end in –zarconguate to cé ex. Cruzarcrucé, cruzaste, cruzó, cruzamos, cruzaron -car –gar –zar

6. The “hand” irregulars Ir- fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fueron Ser- fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fueron Dar- di, diste, dio, dimos, dieron Ver- vi, viste, vio, vimos, vieron Hacer- hice, hizo, hicimos,hicieron Spock Irregular Verbs

7. Snake (e>i) pedir, preferir, competir, reptir, servir. (o>u) dormir, morir, sirvió durmió Snakey Leer, creer, oir I changes to y in 3rd person Leyó Creyó oyó Snakey + snake verbs

8. Andaranduv- Estarestuv- Poderpud- Poner pus- Quererqurs- -e (yo), -iste (tú), -o (el, ella, ud.) Saber sup- -imos (nostros), -ieron (ellos, ellas, uds.) Tenertuv- Venirvin- Conducirconduj- Producirproduj- Traducirtraduj- -no i Decirdij Traer traj Cucaracha Verbs

9. Indicates a continuous action Imperfected time Very distant past El Imperfecto -AR -er/ir

10. Imperfect Triggers

11. Imperfect Irregulars IR SER VER

12. Preterite vs. Imperfect

15. Comparative/Superlative Irregulars

16. Estoy Estás Está Estamos Están Use estar when you are talking about the following… H-health E-motion L-location P-resent condition I- Identification N-ar = ando G- er/iedno Ex. La manzanaestáverde. Estar

17. Soy Eres Es Somos Son Use Ser when you are talking about the following…. D- description O-origin C- characteristics (personality) T- time O-occupation R-relationship P-possession E-events D-dates Ex. Ella escallada. Ser

18. Transition words

19. Infinitive plus ending -ar, -er, & -ir all the same  I will, you will, he/she will, they will, we will Future

20. El proximo Mañana En Triggers for Future

21. Caber—cabr Decir—dir Haber—habr Hacer—har Hay—habrá Poder—podr Poner—pondr Querer—querr Saber—sabr Salir—saldr Tener—tendr Valer—valdr Venir--vendr Future Irregulars

22. Passing through..PORtal General rather than specific location..PORtugal How long something lasts..PORever An exchange Doing something in place of or instead of someone else..I'm POoR, pay for me Means of transPORtation Por

23. For whom something is done..surprise PARAty Destination.. PARAguay The purpose of which something is done..PARAsite To express an opinion…PARAdon me To contrast of compare To express idea of deadline… PARAmedic Para