1. Grammar Book By: Selena Pollack Period 5 12/9/2010

3. Preterite Used depending on context and point of view of the speaker Used to express actions that are completed. Expresses the beginning or end of a past action. Used for actions completed a certain number of times ER- i iste io imos ieron Ar- e aste o amos aron Used for actions completed during a specific time period. Used for actions completed during a chain of events.

4. Trigger Words Imperfect Trigger Words Preterite Trigger Words A veces Un dia Mientras Una vez Cada dia Ayer Frequentamente Hace un ano Siempre Ya Todos los dias El martes Muchas veces El mas pasado A menudo Ante ayer De vez en Por una hora Cuando Por fin Los lunes Anoche

5. Car Gar Zar Verbs Car Gar Zar In the Preterite, “car” verbs change to “que” In the Preterite, “gar” verbs change to “gue” In the Preterite, “zar” verbs change to “ce”

6. Spock Verbs Hacer Ser Ir Dar Ver

7. Cucaracha Verbs Andar Estar Poder Poner Querer Saber Tener Venir Conducir Decir Hacer Traer Anduv- *anduve Estuv- *estuve Pud- *Pude Pus- *Puse Quis- *Quise Sup- *Supe Tuv- *Tuve Vin- *Vine Conduj- *Conduje Dij- *Dije Hic- *Hice Traj- *Traje …etc.

8. Snake Verbs Snake Verbs change tense in the el/ella/usted and the ellos/ellas/usteded forms. Example: Dormi Dormimos Dormiste DURMIO DORMIERON

9. Snakey Verbs Snakey verbs also change in the el/ella/usted and ellos/ellas/ustedes forms. Except! they change to a y. Lei Leimos Leiste LEYO LEYERON This also works with verbs like Creir. ` ` `

10. Imperfect AR- aba abas aba abamos aban ER/IR- ia ias ia iamos ian

11. Imperfect/Preterite Irregulars These are the Preterite and Imperfect Irregular verbs and their conjugations: IR- SER- VER- Iba Ibamos Ibas Iba Iban Era Eramos Eras Eran Eran Veia Veiamos Veiamos Veia Veian

13. SER ESTAR Descriptions Dates Events Possessions Relationships Occupations Time Origin Characteristics Health Emotions Location Present Condition ING- endings *DOCTOR PED *HELP-ING USED FOR: USED FOR:

14. Verbs like Gustar Aburrir, Encantar, Faltar, Fascinar, Importar, Interesar, Apetecer, Sorprender, Preocupar, Dolar, Quedar, Molestar, Caer, Disgustar, Importar, Sobrar When gustar is followed by one or more verbs in the infinitive, the singular form of gustar is always used. These verbs are verbs that are conjugated the same way in every tense.

16. Transition Words Aunque- Tambien- Mientras- A pesar de- Pero- Por lo tanto- Sin embargo- Even though Also While In spite of But Therefore Nevertheless

17. Future Yo = Infinitive + e Tu = Infinitive + as El/Ella/Usted = Infinitive + a Nosotros = Infinitive + emos Ellos/Ellas/Usetedes = Infinitive + an EXAMPLE: Gustare Gustaremos Gustaras Gustara Gustaran ` ` ` `

18. Future Irregulars Dar – Dir Hacer – Har Poner – Pondr Salir – Saldr Tener – Tendr Caber – Cabr Valer – Valdr Poder – Podr Querer – Quer Saber – Sabr Haber – Habr Vendir – Vendr

19. Future Triggers En el futuro Proximo ` Manana ~ El Proximoano `