The document discusses the history and present status of mushroom cultivation. It notes that mushrooms were first cultivated in China around 600 AD. Today, India's total mushroom production is approximately 0.13 million tons annually, with Uttar Pradesh being the leading producer. The main types of edible mushrooms cultivated in India include white button, portobello, shiitake, oyster, enoki, and shimeji mushrooms. Surface sterilization of explants using chemical sterilants like benzalkonium chloride is important for establishing contamination-free mushroom cultures.

2. HISTORICAL VIEW-MUSHROOM
• China
It is indicated that the first
mushroom was cultivated
around 600 A.D. in China.
• This was Auricularia
auricula. Of the
leading mushrooms of
today, Agaricus bisporus
(1600) and Volvariella
volvacea (1700), that
were cultivated before
1990.
• Mushrooms were thought
to be special and
supernatural in origin –
4600 years ago.
• the Egyptians believed
mushrooms to be plants of
immortality.
• The Romans thought
mushrooms were the food
of the gods.
• Many people collect
mushrooms for the purpose
of consumption, but lots of
myths and false concepts
still survive today.

3. • History „
Chinese and Japanese have utilized
mushrooms for medicinal usage for
thousands of years.
• Cultivation of mushrooms in Western
cultures first recorded in 1650. „
• Agaricus bisporus was first species cultivated,
on compost. In Asia, specifically China and
Japan, it is not known when cultivation
began.
• „
Several species of mushrooms cultivated on
wood

4. PRESENT STATUS OF MUSHROOM CULTIVATION
IN INDIA
• Present, the
total mushroom production
in India is approximately
0.13 million tons.
• From 2010-2017,
the mushroom industry
in India has registered an
average growth rate of 4.3%
per annum.
• By considering
the production statistics,
the spawn demand
in India is estimated about
8000-10000 tons per
annum.
• Mushroom farming is one of
the most profitable agri-
business that can start with
a low investment and less
space.
• Mushroom
cultivation in India is growin
g gradually as an alternative
source of income for many
people.
• In India, Uttar Pradesh is the
leading producer
of mushrooms followed by
Tripura and Kerala.

5. • 1.Uttar
Pradesh
81.84 m.tons
• 2.Tripura 6.19
• 3.Kerala 4.65
Consumers are now
demanding more
mushrooms due to their
medicinal benefits.
They are more aware
now. The western
region of Maharashtra
has a huge demand for
mushrooms.
The commercial varieties
like pink, grey, blue,
yellow oyster
mushrooms are edible.

6. TYPES OF EDIBLE MUSHROOM IN INDIA
• White Button
Mushrooms.
• Portobello Mushrooms.
• Shiitake Mushrooms.
• Oyster Mushrooms.
• Enoki Mushrooms.
• Shimeji Mushrooms.
• Porcini Mushrooms.

9. SURFACE STERILIZATION OF EXPLANT
• It is a process which involves the immersion
of explants into appropriate concentration of chemical
sterilant(s) or disinfectant(s) for a specified time
resulting in the establishment of a contamination-free
culture.
• Explant sterilization using
chemical sterilants like benzalkonium chloride (0.1%)
alone and in combination with 70% alcohol and
0.1% HgCl2 .