2. CNTs and Their Synthesis
CNTs can be synthesized as biodegradable nanostructures by rolling
sheets of carbon into hollow tubes.
SWCNTs DWCNTs MWCNTs
3. Immunogenicity and Toxicity
of CNTs
CNTs can be exploited as molecular transporters to carry cargoes into cells.
SWCNTs activate human serum complement system via classical pathway.
DWCNTs activate both classical and alternative pathway.
MWCNTs may have no effect on proliferation or cytokine formation in vitro.
Current commercially available nanomaterials are characterized based on their
desired properties only and are usually not tested for potential toxicity.
4. Application
of CNTs in
Alzheimer’s
Disease
SWCNTs were successfully carried out with Acetylcholine (ACh) then directly
delivered into brain, lysosomes are the targeted organelles of SWCNTs. This
technique used the SWCNT as a catalyst.
ACh can not be delivered directly into the brain with low doses because of its
poor lipophilicity but it can be overcomed by using SWCNTs.
Inside the brain, SWCNTs enter directly into the lysosomes.
SWCNTs can be successfully exploited to deliver ACh into the targeted
lysosomes to achieve therapeutic effects without undesired toxic effects
5. Application of CNTs in
Parkinson’s Disease
To manage the disease symptoms, patients are
treated with levodopa (LD). Orally administered
LD is absorbed and converted into dopamine in
the brain through the blood–brain barrier
SWCNTs were chosen as the nanoparticle-
mediated delivery carrier. CNTs are capable of
transporting therapathic molecules directly to
the targeted cell.
6. Stroke
Delivery of siRNA
directly to the central
nervous system accros
BBB.
A large dose of siRNA
is needed in order to
induce effective gene
silencing in target cells
and tissues.
7. Fullerenes
Pure carbon form having at least 60 atoms.
Three important applications:
1. use of packlitaxel embedded buckysomes as frug delivery
nanoparticles
2. carboxy- fullerenes to serve as nanopreotective agents
3. endohedral mettallofullerens used as contrast agents in
MRI
8. Nanodiamonds
NDs are created from Carbon, either dry, wet, or HPHT technique
Created NDs are up to 75% diamond
Size between 4 to 5nm
9. NDs compatibility, toxicity
It is not toxic relatively,
but some studies showed
toxicity
When added with
functional groups,
compatibility can be
increased.
10. Applications & researches
Imaging :
- NDs are used to
visualize cells.
- fNDs can be used for
long-term cell targeting.
Drug delivery :
- DOX & NDs added
together forming NDX, is a
drug targeting “Murine
Liver Tumour”, and a
GREAT tumour growth
inhibition was detected.
Tissue Scaffolding &
Surgical Implants :
- NDs layering on
Biomaterial surfaces
showed neural adhesion
& neural growth in 2D &
3D scaffolds.
- By adding 10% of ND-
ODA to polymers, it gives
8 times strength.
