Role of metallic nanoparticles in managing brain tumor
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
2 likes•212 views
This document discusses the use of nanoparticles for glioblastoma treatment. It describes how nanoparticles less than 100 nm in size can be used as vehicles for drug delivery, contrast agents for imaging, and therapeutic agents. Specifically, it outlines how iron oxide and gold nanoparticles, as well as quantum dots, have shown promise for imaging, thermotherapy, and multidrug delivery applications to treat brain tumors. It also discusses challenges like crossing the blood-brain barrier and biodegradation of non-biodegradable nanoparticles.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
1nanomedicine
This document discusses nanomedicine and various nanotechnologies that can be applied for medical purposes. It describes how nanomedicine aims to diagnose, treat, and prevent disease using molecular tools and knowledge of the human body at the nanoscale level. The document outlines different types of nanoparticles that are being investigated for drug delivery applications, including lipid-based nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles like gold, carbon-based nanoparticles like buckyballs and nanotubes, mesoporous silica, and quantum dots. It discusses properties, synthesis methods, and potential applications of these various nanomaterials in biomedical research and nanomedicine.
5cancer
This document discusses the use of nanotechnology for cancer treatment. It begins with background on cancer and challenges with chemotherapy. It then introduces various nanoparticles being explored for cancer applications, such as quantum dots, iron oxide, and gold nanoparticles. The document discusses the enhanced permeability and retention effect that allows nanoparticles to passively target tumors. It provides the example of Doxil, an FDA-approved liposomal drug delivery system. Other nanomedicine examples discussed include Abraxane protein-bound paclitaxel nanoparticles. The document covers topics like tumor tissue targeting, overcoming drug resistance, vascular and cellular targets, and using heat-generating nanoparticles for thermal ablation of cancer cells.
Nanogenetics
Nanotechnology offers solutions to challenges in genetic engineering. MEMS chips can be used for nanoinjection, delivering DNA to fertilized eggs through a nanometer-scale lance charged with DNA. This overcomes issues with pronuclear microinjection in agricultural animals. Nanoinjection uses electroporation, generating a localized electric field to insert DNA without fluid. Nanoparticles can also deliver therapeutic genes for conditions like retinopathies, protecting against viruses while targeting delivery and limiting expression time. Various nanoparticle types including polymers, gold, and magnetic varieties show promise for gene therapy applications.
BIOMED-2014-BT3A.24
This document summarizes a study using multiphoton microscopy (MPM) to image ex vivo mouse splenic tissue samples from both healthy mice and mice with sickle cell disease (SCD). MPM was able to detect intrinsic two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) from endogenous fluorophores like NADH as well as morphological features. Spectral analysis found increased longer wavelength emission, associated with inflammation, in SCD tissue compared to healthy tissue. The results demonstrate MPM's potential for non-invasive monitoring of SCD progression by extracting clinically relevant information from intrinsic tissue markers.
Optogenetics
The basics for symbiosis of Optics and Genetics have been explained in this presentation. " How light can change the very way of life?" .This question has been addressed using relevant web content, consultations from book and through nature videos. This presentation was awarded the highest score in PHM805 at Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra.
Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine
This document discusses nanopharmacology and nanomedicine. It begins with definitions of nanoscience and how nanopharmacology studies drug interactions at the nanoscale level. The goals of nanopharmacology include improved drug delivery and targeting to increase safety and efficacy. Nanomedicine applies nanotechnology for medical treatment and diagnosis using nanoparticles, nanodevices, and nanorobots. Some applications highlighted include cancer treatment, contrast agents for MRI, nervous system tracking, drug dispersion, and artificial antibodies. Overall, the document outlines how nanotechnology at the molecular level can transform medical procedures to make them faster and more accurate.
Nanotechnology to fight against infectious diseases
This presentation focus on the Applications of Nano medicine in Gliomas Diagnosis.Give a brief note on types of applications e.g. Therapeutic and Diagnostic.
Recommended
1nanomedicine
This document discusses nanomedicine and various nanotechnologies that can be applied for medical purposes. It describes how nanomedicine aims to diagnose, treat, and prevent disease using molecular tools and knowledge of the human body at the nanoscale level. The document outlines different types of nanoparticles that are being investigated for drug delivery applications, including lipid-based nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles like gold, carbon-based nanoparticles like buckyballs and nanotubes, mesoporous silica, and quantum dots. It discusses properties, synthesis methods, and potential applications of these various nanomaterials in biomedical research and nanomedicine.
5cancer
This document discusses the use of nanotechnology for cancer treatment. It begins with background on cancer and challenges with chemotherapy. It then introduces various nanoparticles being explored for cancer applications, such as quantum dots, iron oxide, and gold nanoparticles. The document discusses the enhanced permeability and retention effect that allows nanoparticles to passively target tumors. It provides the example of Doxil, an FDA-approved liposomal drug delivery system. Other nanomedicine examples discussed include Abraxane protein-bound paclitaxel nanoparticles. The document covers topics like tumor tissue targeting, overcoming drug resistance, vascular and cellular targets, and using heat-generating nanoparticles for thermal ablation of cancer cells.
Nanogenetics
Nanotechnology offers solutions to challenges in genetic engineering. MEMS chips can be used for nanoinjection, delivering DNA to fertilized eggs through a nanometer-scale lance charged with DNA. This overcomes issues with pronuclear microinjection in agricultural animals. Nanoinjection uses electroporation, generating a localized electric field to insert DNA without fluid. Nanoparticles can also deliver therapeutic genes for conditions like retinopathies, protecting against viruses while targeting delivery and limiting expression time. Various nanoparticle types including polymers, gold, and magnetic varieties show promise for gene therapy applications.
BIOMED-2014-BT3A.24
This document summarizes a study using multiphoton microscopy (MPM) to image ex vivo mouse splenic tissue samples from both healthy mice and mice with sickle cell disease (SCD). MPM was able to detect intrinsic two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) from endogenous fluorophores like NADH as well as morphological features. Spectral analysis found increased longer wavelength emission, associated with inflammation, in SCD tissue compared to healthy tissue. The results demonstrate MPM's potential for non-invasive monitoring of SCD progression by extracting clinically relevant information from intrinsic tissue markers.
Optogenetics
The basics for symbiosis of Optics and Genetics have been explained in this presentation. " How light can change the very way of life?" .This question has been addressed using relevant web content, consultations from book and through nature videos. This presentation was awarded the highest score in PHM805 at Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra.
Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine
This document discusses nanopharmacology and nanomedicine. It begins with definitions of nanoscience and how nanopharmacology studies drug interactions at the nanoscale level. The goals of nanopharmacology include improved drug delivery and targeting to increase safety and efficacy. Nanomedicine applies nanotechnology for medical treatment and diagnosis using nanoparticles, nanodevices, and nanorobots. Some applications highlighted include cancer treatment, contrast agents for MRI, nervous system tracking, drug dispersion, and artificial antibodies. Overall, the document outlines how nanotechnology at the molecular level can transform medical procedures to make them faster and more accurate.
Nanotechnology to fight against infectious diseases
This presentation focus on the Applications of Nano medicine in Gliomas Diagnosis.Give a brief note on types of applications e.g. Therapeutic and Diagnostic.
GFP Super resolution microscopy
Lightoptical nanoscopy for the use in biomedical applications and material sciences, detection in attomolar concentrations
* Use of standard fluorophores like GFP, RFP, YFP, Alexa, Fluorescein (no photoswitch necessary)
2CLM Two Color Localisation microscopy in the nanoscale
* Optical resolution 10 nm in 2D, 40 nm in 3D
* Very fast in processing, complete picture (2000 images) with processing in 3 minutes
Nano Enabled Drug Delivery (NEDD)
- Nanoparticles ranging from 1-1000 nm can be used as drug delivery vectors to transport therapeutic agents and imaging molecules through the body. They aim to avoid biological barriers and selectively target tissues.
- Nanoparticles can encapsulate drugs and antibodies. When they reach the tumor, antibodies bind to tumor cells while drugs are released into the cells, killing them.
- Stimuli like light, magnetic fields, ultrasound and electric pulses can be used to trigger drug release from nanoparticles at target sites. This allows for external control over drug delivery.
- However, more research is needed to fully understand nanoparticle toxicity and ensure safety before widespread clinical use, as some nanoparticles have been found to cause oxidative stress, inflammation and
Nanotechnology in medicine
Nanotechnology provides tools for understanding and treating disease at the nanoscale. Nanomaterials can interact specifically with biological components like proteins and DNA, allowing them to induce or stop metabolic reactions. These nanomaterials are also used in miniaturized diagnostic devices like biosensors and lab-on-a-chip technologies to provide fast, sensitive analysis from small samples without a laboratory. Nanosized drug delivery systems aim to target drugs solely to diseases, quickly and accurately, by entrapping or encapsulating drugs within polymer scaffolds or reservoirs at the nanoscale to reduce side effects.
Nanotechnology and its Application in Cancer Treatment
Nanotechnology
Nanomaterials
Nanostructures
Nanoparticles
Unexpected Optical Properties of Nanoparticles
Synthesis of Nanoparticles
Nanotechnology in Cancer Treatment
Role of Sulfur NPs in Cancer Treatment
Human Tumour Cell Lines Used in Research
Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)
Sulfur Nanoparticles Preparation
MTT Assay
Sulphorhodamine-B (SRB) Assay
Median lethal dose (LD 50)
Experimental design
FT-IR Characterization of Sulfur Nanoparticles
SEM Characterization of Sulfur Nanoparticles
EDS Characterization of Sulfur Nanoparticles
XRD Characterization of Sulfur Nanoparticles
Chemical Studies on Sulfur Nanoparticles In Vitro
Biochemical investigations
Conclusion
Applications of Nanoparticles in cancer treatment
Nanoshells
Nano X-Ray therapy
Drug Delivery by Nanoparticles
Targeting oral cancer using gold nanoparticles
1. Done by: Dr. Mohamad Ghazi Kassem
2. What is Nanotechnology An engineered DNA strandtiny motor pRNA Semiconducting metal junction formed by two carbon nanotubes Nanotechnology is the creation of functional materials, devices and systems, through the understanding and control of matter at dimensions in the nanometer scale length (1-100 nm), where new functionalities and properties of matter are observed and harnessed for a broad range of applications.
3. What is Nanoscale Fullerenes C60 22 cm 12,756 Km 1.27 × 107 m 0.22 m 10 millions times smaller 0.7 nm 0.7 × 10-9 m 1 billion times smaller
4. What Are Gold Nanoparticles? • Gold nanoparticles (‘nanogold’) occur as clusters of gold atoms up to 100nm in diameter. Gold nanoparticle • Nanogold has unusual visible properties because the particles are small enough to scatter visible light. - in contrast, mass gold reflects light. 5nm gold clusters
5. • Gold nanoparticles appear yellow to deep red to in solution. - colour depends on size of nanoparticles • The distance between particles also affects colour - surface plasmon resonance is the term used by nanotechnologists to describe this effect.
6. Why Gold Nanoparticles Cancer is a difficult disease to treat, contain, and identify. There are many different ways for treating cancer such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation and many others. These methods are effective if the cancer tumor is caught soon enough. However, these treatments are not effective enough because they do not only target the affected cells, they also affect healthy cells. But • Gold Nanoparticles are non toxic • With Gold Nanoparticles we can detecting cancer cells and even destroy them without affect healthy cells.
7. Mostafa A. El-Sayed Julius Brown Chair and Regents Professor; Director, Laser Dynamics Laboratory “Gold nanoparticles are very good at scattering and absorbing light,” said Mostafa El-Sayed, director of the Laser Dyanamics Laboratory and chemistry professor at Georgia Tech. “We wanted to see if we could harness that scattering property in a living cell to make cancer detection easier. So far, the results are extremely promising.”
8. Gold Nanoparticle Tumor Detection The common strategy to detect the tumor is the functionalization of the nanoparticle with an antibody specific to the tumor antigens, and then detect the nanoparticle by some spectroscopic technique B. Tumor photograph Imaging with gold nanoparticles as contrast agent
9. Many cancer cells have a protein, known as Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EFGR), all over their surface, while healthy cells typically do not express the protein as strongly. By conjugating, or binding, the gold nanoparticles to an antibody for EFGR, suitably named antiEFGR, researchers were able to get the nanoparticles to attach themselves to the cancer cells. Electrostatically + + + + - - - + + + - + -+ - - + + + + Covalently S S S S S S S S
10. Gold Nanoparticles Nanoshells
PhD thesis presentation
This document summarizes Kristina Hettne's PhD thesis defense on applying next-generation text mining to toxicogenomics data analysis. The thesis investigated improving information coverage in biomedical and chemical thesauri used for text mining by developing new chemical concept identification methods. A next-generation text mining approach was developed to statistically relate chemical information to gene expression data, allowing identification of toxicity effects at an earlier stage than manual curation alone. The approach was shown to complement and sometimes outperform existing databases, with potential to reduce animal testing through early prediction of drug toxicity.
NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR CANCER THERAPY RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
This document discusses the use of nanotechnology for cancer therapy and recent developments. It describes how nanotechnology platforms can serve as targeted drug delivery vehicles, carrying therapeutic agents into malignant cells while avoiding healthy cells. The document then discusses several nanotechnology approaches for cancer treatment, including using nanoparticles loaded with anticancer drugs for targeted delivery and preventing DNA damage through coating skin cells with sunscreen-containing nanoparticles on the nanoscale. Overall, the document outlines the potential of nanotechnology to improve cancer treatment by more precisely targeting cancer cells and reducing side effects.
optogenetics
Optogenetics integrates optics and genetics to control neural activity with light. It involves introducing light-sensitive proteins into neurons using viruses. When exposed to light, these proteins cause neurons to become active or inactive. This allows controlling and studying neural circuits with high spatial and temporal precision. Optogenetics was pioneered in 2005 and has since been applied to study various neural systems and behaviors.
nanobiotechnology, achievements and development prospects
Nanobiotechnology has significant applications in fields like medicine, imaging, and drug delivery. It has been used to develop tools for intelligent drug delivery, gene therapy, biosensors, diagnostics, and biomaterials. Some key achievements include using nanoparticles for more precise disease detection, developing techniques to detect genetic sequences, creating protein chips to study proteomics, and developing systems to sort rare cells. Nanobiotechnology also shows promise for targeted drug delivery, gene delivery without viruses, using liposomes to cross cell membranes, engineering surfaces at the nanoscale, and streamlining the drug development process. Its future applications could include more precise diagnosis and regenerative medicine through technologies like nanosensors and nanomedicine. Continued development may help improve
Nanomedicine: An Emerging Trend In Treatment
Nanomedicine is an emerging field that uses nanotechnology for medical applications such as diagnosis, treatment, and disease prevention. It involves engineering materials and devices at the nanoscale of 1 to 100 nanometers to exploit their unique properties. This allows for innovations like controlled drug delivery, molecular imaging, and biosensing. Some key technologies involved include nanoparticles, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, dendrimers, and liposomes. Potential applications range from molecular imaging and cancer theranostics to drug delivery, gene therapy, and tissue engineering. Nanomedicine offers opportunities for earlier disease diagnosis and more effective, safer, and personalized treatment approaches.
Nanoparticles drug delivery in cancer therapy
This document discusses using nanoparticles for targeted cancer drug delivery. It covers an overview of cancer, how nanoparticles can be used as nanocarriers to target cancer cells, and the merits and demerits of using nanoparticles for drug delivery. The document concludes with a video example of how doxorubicin can be targeted to breast cancer cells for destruction using nanoparticles.
cancer
Nanotechnology shows promise for improving cancer treatment. Nanoparticles can be engineered with unique optical and magnetic properties and conjugated with targeting ligands to selectively deliver anti-cancer drugs to tumors. The enhanced permeability and retention effect enables nanoparticles to passively accumulate in tumors due to their leaky vasculature and poor lymphatic drainage. This allows for higher drug concentrations in tumors and fewer side effects compared to conventional chemotherapy. However, challenges remain around overcoming drug resistance mechanisms and ensuring nanoparticles reach poorly vascularized tumor regions.
Phototoxicity in live cell imaging workshop CYTO2018
Presentation that served as a background for our discussion at a workshop at CYTO2018, the 33rd Congress of the International Society for Advancement of Cytometry in Prague May 1st
Nanotech Drug Delivery System: The Perfect Physio-Chemical deal for Biologica...
Nanotechnology offers substantial prospects for the development of innovative products and applications in many in
sectors.
Nanomedicine current status and future prospects
Detailed idea on nanotechnology, nanomedicine, types, uses, pharmacotherapy, and future prospects of the nanotechnology. Drug delivery systems, Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the nanoparticles are dealt in detail
bioph Abstract
This document discusses several microfluidic separation methods for isolating circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood. It describes how microfluidics can accurately manipulate flow conditions to efficiently separate CTCs from blood cells based on differences in their biophysical properties such as size and deformability. Using these microfluidic approaches, viable CTCs can be retrieved from cancer patient blood samples with high isolation efficiency and purity. Identification of CTCs aids in cancer detection, disease monitoring, and insights into metastasis. The document also discusses using magnetic nanoparticles coupled with doxorubicin chemotherapy drug and an external magnetic field to more effectively deliver the drug to breast cancer cells and increase mortality rates.
1nanomedicine
This document discusses nanomedicine and applications of nanotechnology in medicine. It begins by explaining how nanotechnology allows analysis and repair of the human body at the molecular level. It then covers major biological structures and scales. Richard Feynman's seminal 1959 talk inspiring nanotechnology is mentioned. The document defines nanomedicine and discusses markets, applications including drug delivery and disease detection, nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and their properties and potential uses in medicine. In particular, carbon nanotubes are discussed as potential drug delivery vessels that can be functionalized for targeting and controlled release.
OPTOGENETICS
Optogenetics is a technique that uses light to control neurons that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels. It allows scientists to precisely stimulate or silence neural activity by exposing specific neurons to light. The first demonstration of optogenetics in mammalian neurons used channelrhodopsin, a light-activated ion channel from algae, to activate neurons with light. Optogenetics holds promise for advancing understanding of brain function and developing new treatments for neurological disorders like Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and blindness through targeted neuromodulation with light. Challenges include improving light-sensitive tools and light sources to target deeper brain regions.
Orally Delivered Nanoparticles For Brain Delivery
Original Research: Surface-engineered nanoparticles for targeted delivery of therapeutic peptides to brain tissue
Nanobiotechnology
Nanobiotechnology involves the manipulation of matter at the nanoscale (1-100 nanometers) for applications in biology. Key developments include the atomic force microscope in 1980, which enabled imaging at the atomic level. Nanoparticles such as quantum dots have been used for in vivo cell imaging due to their strong fluorescent signals. Nanodevices have the potential to improve cancer detection and diagnosis by entering cells to determine which are cancerous. They may also preserve patient samples and make tests faster. Challenges include assessing the toxicity and biocompatibility of nanomaterials. Overall, nanobiotechnology could lead to new biomaterials and analytical tools with applications in medicine such as targeted drug delivery and disease diagnosis and treatment.
Payday Loans No Brokers
Differences between Direct Lenders and brokers and why for many payday loans no brokers are a more feasible option:
Nanoparticles based drug delivery systems for treatment of
The document discusses nanoparticles for targeting intracellular bacterial infections. It notes that some bacteria can survive and replicate inside cells, avoiding immune responses, making them difficult to treat. Nanoparticles can selectively target and destroy pathogenic bacteria by encapsulating antimicrobial drugs and releasing them at the site of infection. Various types of nanoparticles are investigated for drug delivery, including polymeric nanoparticles, hydrogels, lipid nanoparticles, and metal nanoparticles like gold. Nanoparticles show promise for overcoming antibiotic resistance and improving treatment of intracellular bacterial infections.
More Related Content
What's hot
GFP Super resolution microscopy
Lightoptical nanoscopy for the use in biomedical applications and material sciences, detection in attomolar concentrations
* Use of standard fluorophores like GFP, RFP, YFP, Alexa, Fluorescein (no photoswitch necessary)
2CLM Two Color Localisation microscopy in the nanoscale
* Optical resolution 10 nm in 2D, 40 nm in 3D
* Very fast in processing, complete picture (2000 images) with processing in 3 minutes
Nano Enabled Drug Delivery (NEDD)
- Nanoparticles ranging from 1-1000 nm can be used as drug delivery vectors to transport therapeutic agents and imaging molecules through the body. They aim to avoid biological barriers and selectively target tissues.
- Nanoparticles can encapsulate drugs and antibodies. When they reach the tumor, antibodies bind to tumor cells while drugs are released into the cells, killing them.
- Stimuli like light, magnetic fields, ultrasound and electric pulses can be used to trigger drug release from nanoparticles at target sites. This allows for external control over drug delivery.
- However, more research is needed to fully understand nanoparticle toxicity and ensure safety before widespread clinical use, as some nanoparticles have been found to cause oxidative stress, inflammation and
Nanotechnology in medicine
Nanotechnology provides tools for understanding and treating disease at the nanoscale. Nanomaterials can interact specifically with biological components like proteins and DNA, allowing them to induce or stop metabolic reactions. These nanomaterials are also used in miniaturized diagnostic devices like biosensors and lab-on-a-chip technologies to provide fast, sensitive analysis from small samples without a laboratory. Nanosized drug delivery systems aim to target drugs solely to diseases, quickly and accurately, by entrapping or encapsulating drugs within polymer scaffolds or reservoirs at the nanoscale to reduce side effects.
Nanotechnology and its Application in Cancer Treatment
Nanotechnology
Nanomaterials
Nanostructures
Nanoparticles
Unexpected Optical Properties of Nanoparticles
Synthesis of Nanoparticles
Nanotechnology in Cancer Treatment
Role of Sulfur NPs in Cancer Treatment
Human Tumour Cell Lines Used in Research
Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)
Sulfur Nanoparticles Preparation
MTT Assay
Sulphorhodamine-B (SRB) Assay
Median lethal dose (LD 50)
Experimental design
FT-IR Characterization of Sulfur Nanoparticles
SEM Characterization of Sulfur Nanoparticles
EDS Characterization of Sulfur Nanoparticles
XRD Characterization of Sulfur Nanoparticles
Chemical Studies on Sulfur Nanoparticles In Vitro
Biochemical investigations
Conclusion
Applications of Nanoparticles in cancer treatment
Nanoshells
Nano X-Ray therapy
Drug Delivery by Nanoparticles
Targeting oral cancer using gold nanoparticles
1. Done by: Dr. Mohamad Ghazi Kassem
2. What is Nanotechnology An engineered DNA strandtiny motor pRNA Semiconducting metal junction formed by two carbon nanotubes Nanotechnology is the creation of functional materials, devices and systems, through the understanding and control of matter at dimensions in the nanometer scale length (1-100 nm), where new functionalities and properties of matter are observed and harnessed for a broad range of applications.
3. What is Nanoscale Fullerenes C60 22 cm 12,756 Km 1.27 × 107 m 0.22 m 10 millions times smaller 0.7 nm 0.7 × 10-9 m 1 billion times smaller
4. What Are Gold Nanoparticles? • Gold nanoparticles (‘nanogold’) occur as clusters of gold atoms up to 100nm in diameter. Gold nanoparticle • Nanogold has unusual visible properties because the particles are small enough to scatter visible light. - in contrast, mass gold reflects light. 5nm gold clusters
5. • Gold nanoparticles appear yellow to deep red to in solution. - colour depends on size of nanoparticles • The distance between particles also affects colour - surface plasmon resonance is the term used by nanotechnologists to describe this effect.
6. Why Gold Nanoparticles Cancer is a difficult disease to treat, contain, and identify. There are many different ways for treating cancer such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation and many others. These methods are effective if the cancer tumor is caught soon enough. However, these treatments are not effective enough because they do not only target the affected cells, they also affect healthy cells. But • Gold Nanoparticles are non toxic • With Gold Nanoparticles we can detecting cancer cells and even destroy them without affect healthy cells.
7. Mostafa A. El-Sayed Julius Brown Chair and Regents Professor; Director, Laser Dynamics Laboratory “Gold nanoparticles are very good at scattering and absorbing light,” said Mostafa El-Sayed, director of the Laser Dyanamics Laboratory and chemistry professor at Georgia Tech. “We wanted to see if we could harness that scattering property in a living cell to make cancer detection easier. So far, the results are extremely promising.”
8. Gold Nanoparticle Tumor Detection The common strategy to detect the tumor is the functionalization of the nanoparticle with an antibody specific to the tumor antigens, and then detect the nanoparticle by some spectroscopic technique B. Tumor photograph Imaging with gold nanoparticles as contrast agent
9. Many cancer cells have a protein, known as Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EFGR), all over their surface, while healthy cells typically do not express the protein as strongly. By conjugating, or binding, the gold nanoparticles to an antibody for EFGR, suitably named antiEFGR, researchers were able to get the nanoparticles to attach themselves to the cancer cells. Electrostatically + + + + - - - + + + - + -+ - - + + + + Covalently S S S S S S S S
10. Gold Nanoparticles Nanoshells
PhD thesis presentation
This document summarizes Kristina Hettne's PhD thesis defense on applying next-generation text mining to toxicogenomics data analysis. The thesis investigated improving information coverage in biomedical and chemical thesauri used for text mining by developing new chemical concept identification methods. A next-generation text mining approach was developed to statistically relate chemical information to gene expression data, allowing identification of toxicity effects at an earlier stage than manual curation alone. The approach was shown to complement and sometimes outperform existing databases, with potential to reduce animal testing through early prediction of drug toxicity.
NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR CANCER THERAPY RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
This document discusses the use of nanotechnology for cancer therapy and recent developments. It describes how nanotechnology platforms can serve as targeted drug delivery vehicles, carrying therapeutic agents into malignant cells while avoiding healthy cells. The document then discusses several nanotechnology approaches for cancer treatment, including using nanoparticles loaded with anticancer drugs for targeted delivery and preventing DNA damage through coating skin cells with sunscreen-containing nanoparticles on the nanoscale. Overall, the document outlines the potential of nanotechnology to improve cancer treatment by more precisely targeting cancer cells and reducing side effects.
optogenetics
Optogenetics integrates optics and genetics to control neural activity with light. It involves introducing light-sensitive proteins into neurons using viruses. When exposed to light, these proteins cause neurons to become active or inactive. This allows controlling and studying neural circuits with high spatial and temporal precision. Optogenetics was pioneered in 2005 and has since been applied to study various neural systems and behaviors.
nanobiotechnology, achievements and development prospects
Nanobiotechnology has significant applications in fields like medicine, imaging, and drug delivery. It has been used to develop tools for intelligent drug delivery, gene therapy, biosensors, diagnostics, and biomaterials. Some key achievements include using nanoparticles for more precise disease detection, developing techniques to detect genetic sequences, creating protein chips to study proteomics, and developing systems to sort rare cells. Nanobiotechnology also shows promise for targeted drug delivery, gene delivery without viruses, using liposomes to cross cell membranes, engineering surfaces at the nanoscale, and streamlining the drug development process. Its future applications could include more precise diagnosis and regenerative medicine through technologies like nanosensors and nanomedicine. Continued development may help improve
Nanomedicine: An Emerging Trend In Treatment
Nanomedicine is an emerging field that uses nanotechnology for medical applications such as diagnosis, treatment, and disease prevention. It involves engineering materials and devices at the nanoscale of 1 to 100 nanometers to exploit their unique properties. This allows for innovations like controlled drug delivery, molecular imaging, and biosensing. Some key technologies involved include nanoparticles, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, dendrimers, and liposomes. Potential applications range from molecular imaging and cancer theranostics to drug delivery, gene therapy, and tissue engineering. Nanomedicine offers opportunities for earlier disease diagnosis and more effective, safer, and personalized treatment approaches.
Nanoparticles drug delivery in cancer therapy
This document discusses using nanoparticles for targeted cancer drug delivery. It covers an overview of cancer, how nanoparticles can be used as nanocarriers to target cancer cells, and the merits and demerits of using nanoparticles for drug delivery. The document concludes with a video example of how doxorubicin can be targeted to breast cancer cells for destruction using nanoparticles.
cancer
Nanotechnology shows promise for improving cancer treatment. Nanoparticles can be engineered with unique optical and magnetic properties and conjugated with targeting ligands to selectively deliver anti-cancer drugs to tumors. The enhanced permeability and retention effect enables nanoparticles to passively accumulate in tumors due to their leaky vasculature and poor lymphatic drainage. This allows for higher drug concentrations in tumors and fewer side effects compared to conventional chemotherapy. However, challenges remain around overcoming drug resistance mechanisms and ensuring nanoparticles reach poorly vascularized tumor regions.
Phototoxicity in live cell imaging workshop CYTO2018
Presentation that served as a background for our discussion at a workshop at CYTO2018, the 33rd Congress of the International Society for Advancement of Cytometry in Prague May 1st
Nanotech Drug Delivery System: The Perfect Physio-Chemical deal for Biologica...
Nanotechnology offers substantial prospects for the development of innovative products and applications in many in
sectors.
Nanomedicine current status and future prospects
Detailed idea on nanotechnology, nanomedicine, types, uses, pharmacotherapy, and future prospects of the nanotechnology. Drug delivery systems, Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the nanoparticles are dealt in detail
bioph Abstract
This document discusses several microfluidic separation methods for isolating circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood. It describes how microfluidics can accurately manipulate flow conditions to efficiently separate CTCs from blood cells based on differences in their biophysical properties such as size and deformability. Using these microfluidic approaches, viable CTCs can be retrieved from cancer patient blood samples with high isolation efficiency and purity. Identification of CTCs aids in cancer detection, disease monitoring, and insights into metastasis. The document also discusses using magnetic nanoparticles coupled with doxorubicin chemotherapy drug and an external magnetic field to more effectively deliver the drug to breast cancer cells and increase mortality rates.
1nanomedicine
This document discusses nanomedicine and applications of nanotechnology in medicine. It begins by explaining how nanotechnology allows analysis and repair of the human body at the molecular level. It then covers major biological structures and scales. Richard Feynman's seminal 1959 talk inspiring nanotechnology is mentioned. The document defines nanomedicine and discusses markets, applications including drug delivery and disease detection, nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and their properties and potential uses in medicine. In particular, carbon nanotubes are discussed as potential drug delivery vessels that can be functionalized for targeting and controlled release.
OPTOGENETICS
Optogenetics is a technique that uses light to control neurons that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels. It allows scientists to precisely stimulate or silence neural activity by exposing specific neurons to light. The first demonstration of optogenetics in mammalian neurons used channelrhodopsin, a light-activated ion channel from algae, to activate neurons with light. Optogenetics holds promise for advancing understanding of brain function and developing new treatments for neurological disorders like Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and blindness through targeted neuromodulation with light. Challenges include improving light-sensitive tools and light sources to target deeper brain regions.
Orally Delivered Nanoparticles For Brain Delivery
Original Research: Surface-engineered nanoparticles for targeted delivery of therapeutic peptides to brain tissue
Nanobiotechnology
Nanobiotechnology involves the manipulation of matter at the nanoscale (1-100 nanometers) for applications in biology. Key developments include the atomic force microscope in 1980, which enabled imaging at the atomic level. Nanoparticles such as quantum dots have been used for in vivo cell imaging due to their strong fluorescent signals. Nanodevices have the potential to improve cancer detection and diagnosis by entering cells to determine which are cancerous. They may also preserve patient samples and make tests faster. Challenges include assessing the toxicity and biocompatibility of nanomaterials. Overall, nanobiotechnology could lead to new biomaterials and analytical tools with applications in medicine such as targeted drug delivery and disease diagnosis and treatment.
What's hot (20)
Nanotechnology and its Application in Cancer Treatment
Nanotechnology and its Application in Cancer Treatment
NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR CANCER THERAPY RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR CANCER THERAPY RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
nanobiotechnology, achievements and development prospects
nanobiotechnology, achievements and development prospects
Phototoxicity in live cell imaging workshop CYTO2018
Phototoxicity in live cell imaging workshop CYTO2018
Nanotech Drug Delivery System: The Perfect Physio-Chemical deal for Biologica...
Nanotech Drug Delivery System: The Perfect Physio-Chemical deal for Biologica...
Viewers also liked
Payday Loans No Brokers
Differences between Direct Lenders and brokers and why for many payday loans no brokers are a more feasible option:
Nanoparticles based drug delivery systems for treatment of
The document discusses nanoparticles for targeting intracellular bacterial infections. It notes that some bacteria can survive and replicate inside cells, avoiding immune responses, making them difficult to treat. Nanoparticles can selectively target and destroy pathogenic bacteria by encapsulating antimicrobial drugs and releasing them at the site of infection. Various types of nanoparticles are investigated for drug delivery, including polymeric nanoparticles, hydrogels, lipid nanoparticles, and metal nanoparticles like gold. Nanoparticles show promise for overcoming antibiotic resistance and improving treatment of intracellular bacterial infections.
Gp
Los microorganismos son seres vivos microscópicos que se encuentran en el suelo, plantas, aire, organismos vivos y agua. Pueden desarrollarse en alimentos que les proveen nutrientes y humedad. Algunos microorganismos como norovirus, hepatitis A, Clostridium perfringens y adenovirus son patógenos que causan enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos debido a contaminación o condiciones inadecuadas de preparación y almacenamiento. Otros microorganismos son indispensables en nuestro organismo y la naturale
C.V
Nawab Ali is seeking a challenging career where he can apply his managerial skills. He has a Bachelor's degree in Environmental Science from the International Islamic University Islamabad and certifications in marketing and English. His skills include being goal-oriented, a quick learner, proficient in Microsoft Office, and fluent in English and Urdu. He has over a year of experience as a computer operator and 7 months in a call center.
David ricardo
El documento habla sobre David Ricardo, un agente de bolsa londinense autodidacta de la economía en la década de 1760 a 1840. Describe las relaciones de producción de la época, incluyendo a los campesinos que fueron desplazados por la "Ley de cercamiento" y el trabajo en fábricas. También describe las largas jornadas y malas condiciones de los obreros industriales sin protecciones laborales, y cómo los salarios, ganancias y rentas se distribuían entre trabajadores, empresarios y ter
Mele sebastian
El documento define la diversidad sexual como compuesta por tres conceptos básicos: sexo, identidad sexual y orientación sexual. Explica cada uno de estos conceptos e incluye imágenes ilustrativas. Finalmente, propone debatir en grupo preguntas relacionadas con la homosexualidad, el matrimonio igualitario, la discriminación y la homofobia.
Hypertension pharmacological management
ACE inhibitors work by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, preventing vasoconstriction. Common ACE inhibitors include benazepril, enalapril, and lisinopril. Side effects include cough, hyperkalemia, and hypotension when combined with diuretics or ARBs. ACE inhibitors are used to treat hypertension, heart failure, kidney disease, and prevent strokes. ARBs block angiotensin II from binding its receptor, also causing vasodilation. Common ARBs include losartan, valsartan, and telmisartan. Alpha blockers work by blocking norepinephrine from binding alpha receptors, causing vasodilation. Examples
Actividades para trabajar con niños con nee
Este documento presenta varias actividades para trabajar con niños que tienen diferentes tipos de discapacidades o necesidades educativas especiales. Incluye juegos y ejercicios para desarrollar habilidades motoras, de lenguaje, cooperación, orientación espacial y reconocimiento de emociones. El objetivo es estimular el desarrollo integral de los niños mediante el juego y la estimulación sensorial y cognitiva.
Atribute no derivadas
<a><img src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nd/4.0/88x31.png" /></a><br />This work is licensed under a <a>Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.
Myths about acne
- Blackheads are caused by a buildup of oil, skin debris, and proteins in pores when skin cell turnover is slowed, not dirt. Pores cannot open and close but steam and exfoliation can help clear pores. Stronger acne products are not necessarily better as they may cause more irritation with no additional benefit. While the sun may initially reduce acne inflammation, long-term sun exposure damages collagen and increases acne risks like scarring. The right makeup, like mineral or non-comedogenic foundations, can improve acne whereas toothpaste is not meant for skin and can cause irritation.
Diapositiva relatividad2
La teoría de la relatividad de Albert Einstein pretendía explicar anomalías en el concepto de movimiento relativo. Consiste en dos formulaciones: la relatividad especial, que se ocupa de sistemas en movimiento constante, y la relatividad general, que trata sistemas en movimiento variable. La relatividad especial establece que la velocidad de la luz es constante e introduce la equivalencia entre masa y energía a través de la fórmula E=mc2. La relatividad general propone que la gravedad no es una fuerza sino una consecuencia de la deformación del espacio-tie
Atribucion
<a><img src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" /></a><br />This work is licensed under a <a>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>
La cantada de don rodrigo diaz de
Don Rodrigo llega al Río de la Plata con oro, lo que refleja las políticas mercantilistas españolas de extraer metales preciosos de América. Durante su viaje, intenta imponer estas políticas a los aborígenes, pero se retira solo luego que los aborígenes se comen a sus soldados. Al interrogar a los nativos en Colombia, Don Rodrigo encuentra evidencia de las corrientes mercantilistas y fisiocráticas.
Examen practico de computacion 2DO BIM
La extracción de sangre es un procedimiento médico común para detectar posibles enfermedades mediante análisis de sangre. Se extrae sangre de una vena del brazo usando una aguja después de aplicar una banda elástica para dilatar las venas. Primero se limpia el área con un antiséptico, luego se introduce la aguja en la vena y se recoge la sangre en un frasco o jeringa. Después de recolectar la muestra, se retira la aguja y la banda elástica.
LA CELULA
Este documento describe la célula como la unidad mínima de un organismo capaz de actuar de manera autónoma. Explica que todos los organismos vivos están formados por células y que los organismos microscópicos como bacterias y protozoos consisten en una sola célula, mientras que animales y plantas están formadas por millones de células organizadas en tejidos y órganos. Además, señala que aunque los virus y extractos acelulares realizan funciones celulares, carecen de vida independiente y capacidad de
Health is Wealth Too
The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation was established in 2000 with the goal of improving global health and reducing extreme poverty. It has invested $10 billion over 10 years to research, develop, and deliver vaccines to developing countries. Some impacts of the foundation's work include enabling informed family planning, increasing agriculture productivity in Africa and Asia to reduce hunger, and reducing deaths from diseases like malaria and polio.
Comhdháil 2016 25 11
This document summarizes the progress of the Sligo GAA over the past 16 years since 2000. Key facilities like playing pitches and clubhouses have been dramatically improved through funding applications. The flagship Centre of Excellence in An Scardán has been completed and is in full use. Sligo GAA has also invested in its coaching structure and now has a full-time post-graduate coach to assist clubs and schools. While costs have increased significantly, Sligo's senior team costs remain modest compared to other counties. There is agreement for a unified approach between Connacht counties to help control costs.
Eating
The document discusses risk factors for eating disorders including biological, psychological, developmental, and social factors. It separates risk factors into eating-specific (direct) factors and generalized (indirect) factors. Some key eating-specific biological risks include genetics, appetite regulation, and gender. Key psychological risks include poor body image, maladaptive eating attitudes, and overvaluation of appearance. Developmental risks include identifications with body-concerned relatives/peers and trauma affecting bodily experience. Social risks include maladaptive family attitudes toward eating/weight and peer/cultural pressures regarding thinness. The document aims to provide an overview of various risk factors to better understand the development and prevention of eating disorders.
El mercantilismo
Este documento resume las principales ideas del mercantilismo, una corriente económica que surgió entre los siglos XVI y XVIII en Europa. El mercantilismo promovía la acumulación de metales preciosos, el proteccionismo de las industrias nacionales y un superávit en la balanza comercial. Los mercantilistas buscaban fortalecer el poderío económico y militar del estado a través de estas políticas.
David bretón ibáñez_p6
El documento resume los resultados de dos ensayos normalizados de tracción realizados en una chapa y un cilindro. En la chapa, la muestra se rompió en el tercio central y se calcularon propiedades como la deformación, resistencia mecánica y límite elástico. En el cilindro, la muestra no se rompió en el centro, por lo que se usó una fórmula alternativa y se determinaron la estricción, resistencia mecánica y otras propiedades. Ambos ensayos proporcionaron datos para caracterizar el material
Viewers also liked (20)
Nanoparticles based drug delivery systems for treatment of
Nanoparticles based drug delivery systems for treatment of
Similar to Role of metallic nanoparticles in managing brain tumor
Nanoparticles in cancer diagnosis
This document discusses the use of nanotechnology for cancer diagnosis and therapy. It begins by defining cancer and tumors, and then introduces nanotechnology and its applications in medicine including drug delivery, imaging, and cancer treatment. Specific nanoparticles discussed for cancer diagnosis include gold nanoparticles, bismuth sulfide nanoparticles, and iron oxide nanoparticles which can be used for computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound imaging, respectively. The document also discusses various nanoparticle-based approaches for detecting different types of cancer like bladder and breast cancer. In general, the document outlines how nanotechnology enables more precise cancer diagnosis and targeted therapy.
Principles of Nanobiotechnology. ppt.ppt
Nanobiotechnology uses nanotechnology to analyze and engineer biological systems at the nanoscale level. The document provides an overview of key concepts in nanobiotechnology including:
- Nanoparticles which are between 1-100 nm and have unique physical and chemical properties compared to larger particles.
- Applications of nanotechnology in areas like medicine, where nanomedicine uses nanoparticles for imaging, drug delivery, and therapy. For example, iron oxide nanoparticles can improve MRI imaging of cancer tumors.
- Nanoparticles are also used for rapid medical diagnostics and early detection of diseases through sensors and probes. Gold nanoparticles attached to antibodies can provide quick flu virus diagnosis.
- Nanoparticles allow more targeted drug delivery
Nanomedicine
This document discusses nano-medicine and provides an overview of its history, applications, and future potential. It begins with definitions of nano-medicine and a brief history starting from 1959 when Richard Feyman first proposed the idea of studying matter at the nano scale. The document then covers the advantages of nano-scale materials, various diagnostic and therapeutic applications in areas like cancer treatment, vaccines, and tissue engineering. It also discusses challenges like nano-toxicology and concludes that nano-medicine has revolutionized medicine through diverse nanomaterials and applications in drug delivery, imaging, and more.
Nano technology in medicine
Nanomedicine uses molecular tools and knowledge of the human body at the nanoscale to diagnose, treat and prevent disease. It involves applications of nanoparticles currently under development as well as longer term research using nano-robots to make repairs at the cellular level. Nanopharmacology uses nanotechnology to develop novel methods of delivering drugs using nanoparticles, which have one dimension of 1000nm or less. Nanomedicine offers advantages like enhanced drug stability and delivery, increased bioavailability, targeted drug delivery to specific tissues and cells, and opportunities for real-time monitoring and cellular repair. However, challenges include high costs, manufacturing defects, and lack of extensive clinical trials.
Current and future techniques for cancer diagnosis
This document discusses various nanotechnology approaches for cancer diagnosis, including the use of gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, and nanoflares. Gold nanoparticles can be used for detection through techniques like dynamic light scattering and surface plasmon coupling. Quantum dots and carbon nanotubes can also be functionalized for ultrasensitive detection of cancer biomarkers. Emerging tools like nanoflares allow for detection of genetic targets associated with cancer within living cells. Overall, nanotechnology enables low detection limits and early cancer diagnosis.
Recent advances in nanotechnology
This document summarizes recent advances in nanotechnology. It discusses various nanoscale particles and structures such as nanoparticles, nanospheres, nanocapsules, liposomes, quantum dots, nanotubes, nanoshells, dendrimers, paramagnetic particles, respirocytes, microbivores, and nanobubbles. It describes their structures, methods of preparation, and applications in drug delivery, imaging, and medicine. The document also discusses companies involved in producing nanoparticles and concludes that nanoparticles can improve drug solubility and bioavailability, have high cellular uptake, and deliver therapeutic agents to a wide range of biological targets due to their small size and mobility.
Radiopharmaceuticals Introduction
Radiopharmaceuticals are used in nuclear medicine for imaging and therapy and it is proving to be highly effective.
Applications of nanoparticals
1) Nanoparticles have various applications in biology such as biological assays, immunoassays, and drug delivery.
2) Their properties such as size, surface chemistry, and ability to be functionalized allow them to be used as labels, probes, and substrates in assays or to target specific tissues.
3) In particular, gold nanoparticles have been used to detect cancer cells through X-ray imaging and to deliver drugs due to their biocompatibility and ability to cross cell membranes.
Athar presentation.pptx
This document discusses several potential clinical applications of nanotechnology. It describes how nanoproteomics can be used to amplify proteins similar to PCR and can be applied to diseases like cancer. It also discusses how nanoparticles can be used for gene delivery, drug delivery to cancer cells, imaging and monitoring diseases, molecular diagnostics, and developing nanorobots for dental applications.
Nanotechnoloy in Cancer.pptx
The document discusses the applications of nanotechnology in cancer diagnosis and treatment. It describes how nanoparticles can be engineered for passive and active tumor targeting via the enhanced permeability and retention effect or by attaching targeting ligands. Various nanocarriers including dendrimers, liposomes, quantum dots, iron oxide nanoparticles, and multifunctional nanoparticles are summarized. The document also discusses how nanotechnology enables targeted delivery of drugs, genes, photosensitizers and hyperthermia for cancer therapy. Nanoparticles can also be used as contrast agents for improved cancer imaging and detection. While nanotechnology has made progress in oncology, more clinical studies are still needed to prove the efficacy and safety of nanomedicine applications for cancer patients.
1nanomedicine
This document discusses nanomedicine and its potential applications for diagnosis and treatment of diseases like Alzheimer's disease. It begins by explaining how nanotechnology allows analysis and repair of the body at the molecular level similarly to how machines are repaired today. It then discusses various nanoscale structures and materials that can be used for nanomedicine, such as liposomes, dendrimers, mesoporous silica, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, and polymers. Examples are given of current nanomedicine products and applications being researched include drug delivery, imaging, and regenerative medicine. However, challenges are also noted around manufacturing nanoparticles for medical use, assessing their toxicity, ensuring targeted delivery, and removing nanoparticles from the body
Metallic nanoparticle
Metallic NPs and their differenttypes used in the field of medicine, surgery, diagnosis therapeutics and the advantages associated with it.
Nanotechnology
The document discusses nanotechnology and nanoparticles. It provides background on the history of nanotechnology, defining it as the study and control of matter at the nanoscale, between 1 to 100 nanometers. It discusses different types of nanoparticles used for drug delivery, including liposomes, solid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, nanocapsules, nanospheres, dendrimers, nanotubes, nanowires, and nanocrystals. The document also provides examples of biomedical applications of nanotechnology such as targeted drug delivery for cancer treatment.
NANO PARTICLES FOR DRUG DELIVERY.pptx
This document discusses nanoparticles for drug delivery. It begins with an introduction to nanoparticles and drug delivery. It then discusses the types of nanoparticles used for drug delivery, including gold nanoparticles and mesoporous silica nanoparticles. The advantages of using nanoparticles for drug delivery are that they have a high surface area to volume ratio, can target cells effectively, and allow controlled release of drugs with reduced side effects. The document outlines the process of targeted drug delivery using nanoparticles and developing targeted nanoparticles. It discusses applications in cancer therapy and diagnostics. In conclusions, nanoparticle drug delivery holds potential but challenges remain in targeting specific cells.
NANO PARTICLES FOR DRUG DELIVERY.pptx
This document discusses nanoparticles for drug delivery. It begins with an introduction to nanoparticles and drug delivery. It then discusses the types of nanoparticles used for drug delivery, including gold nanoparticles and mesoporous silica nanoparticles. The advantages of using nanoparticles for drug delivery are that they have a high surface area, can target cells, absorb and diffuse drugs well while reducing toxicity and side effects. The document outlines the components, process, and applications of nanoparticle drug delivery systems, including for cancer therapy and diagnostics. It concludes that nanoparticle drug delivery holds potential but challenges remain in precisely targeting molecules to avoid effects on healthy tissues.
Nanotechnology in medicine
This document discusses nanotechnology and its applications in medicine. It begins with the origins and definitions of nanotechnology. Some key approaches to nanofabrication include top-down and bottom-up methods. Nanocarriers such as liposomes, dendrimers, micelles, and nanoparticles can be used for targeted drug delivery. Nanotechnology has applications in regenerative medicine, disease diagnosis using nanomolecular diagnostics, and in-vitro diagnostics including nano biosensors and nanoarrays. Overall, nanomedicine holds promise for earlier disease detection and more targeted treatment approaches.
Nanotechnology in microbiology
The document discusses various applications of nanotechnology in microbiology. It begins by defining nanotechnology as the manipulation of matter at the nanoscale of 1 to 100 nm. Some key applications discussed include using quantum dots for pathogen detection through fluorescence, using gold and silver nanoparticles in assays like sol particle immunoassays, and using magnetic nanoparticles in detection methods like magnetic relaxation switches that can detect as few as 5 viral particles. The document also discusses nanoparticle-based methods that enable faster, more sensitive detection of pathogens without sample preparation.
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN TREATMENT OF CANCER
Nanotechnology involves engineering at the nanoscale (1-100 nanometers) and can be used in various fields including medicine. It has several applications for cancer treatment such as using nanoparticles, nanotubes, quantum dots, dendrimers, liposomes, nanoshells, silica nanoparticles, and nanorobots to more precisely deliver drugs to cancer cells, detect genetic mutations associated with cancer, and potentially diagnose and treat cancer. Nanoparticles in particular show promise for overcoming limitations of conventional cancer treatments like poor solubility, lack of targeting, and side effects by selectively targeting cancer cells and increasing drug localization.
Human biosafety issues of nanomaterials used as nanomedicine
1) The document discusses human biosafety issues related to the use of nanomaterials in nanomedicine. Some key issues are that nanoparticles have different physicochemical properties than bulk materials and can interact with biological molecules or accumulate in tissues after intravenous injection.
2) Many studies on nanomedicine focus on effectiveness but not safety evaluation. Nanoparticles may accumulate in organs and cause toxicity over time even if initially found biocompatible. Animal studies often use different testing methods than human clinical practice.
3) Other challenges include regulatory issues in approving nanomedicine, as well as potential environmental, social, and ethical concerns. Future areas of focus could include theranostic nanoparticles and organ-chip evaluation
Masserini erice
The document discusses nanomedicine, which uses nanotechnology to analyze and repair the human body at the molecular level. It provides examples of nanoparticles used for drug delivery, including liposomes, metallic nanoparticles, polymers, mesoporous silica. Surface modifications like PEGylation and targeting ligands help nanoparticles evade the immune system and target tissues. Stimuli-responsive nanoparticles can release drugs in response to pH, light, temperature or other triggers. The document discusses applications of nanomedicine in cancer therapy, cardiovascular disease, and thrombolysis. Research is ongoing to develop multifunctional nanoparticles that can target sites of disease, deliver drugs intracellularly, and respond to local pathological conditions.
Similar to Role of metallic nanoparticles in managing brain tumor (20)
Current and future techniques for cancer diagnosis
Current and future techniques for cancer diagnosis
Human biosafety issues of nanomaterials used as nanomedicine
Human biosafety issues of nanomaterials used as nanomedicine
More from Abeer Abd Elrahman
drug meal interactions.docx
the document describe the possible interactions between meals and some drugs
Targeted drug delivery system.pptx
This document discusses targeted drug delivery systems using nanoparticles. It describes traditional drug delivery methods and how nanoparticles can improve targeting through mechanisms like enhanced permeability and retention in tumors. Nanoparticles can be functionalized with ligands to bind to receptors on target cells or respond to stimuli like pH or temperature. Their small size allows extravasation into tissues and crossing of barriers like the blood-brain barrier. Targeted nanoparticles hold significance for improving drug solubility, bioavailability, and sustained treatment of diseases.
Scaling up nanomedicines.pptx
This document discusses nanomedicine manufacturing including preparation methods, purification techniques, quality control testing, and storage considerations. Nanomedicines are typically formulated using drug encapsulation or conjugation within nano-carrier matrices. Scale-up from the laboratory to an industrial level presents challenges in maintaining proper characterization, quality control, and control over particle size and distribution. Common preparation methods include emulsion solvent evaporation and nanoprecipitation, while purification techniques involve centrifugation and cross-flow filtration. Proper storage is also important to improve nanomedicine stability through techniques like lyophilization.
Parkinson’s disease.pptx
Parkinson's disease is caused by degeneration of nerve cells responsible for dopamine release in the brain. It causes difficulties with facial expressions, muscle stiffness, slowed movements, speech changes, and tremors. Parkinsonism is secondary to medications or head injuries. Diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms and tests like DaT-SPECT scans and MRIs. Treatment focuses on replacing dopamine through medications like levodopa, dopamine agonists like bromocryptine, and monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors like selegiline.
Anti spasmodics
This document discusses various antispasmodic and anticholinergic drugs including atropine, hyoscyamine, timonium, mebeverine, coloverin, oxybutynin, tolterodine, and trospium. It provides information on their mechanisms of action, current uses such as treatment of organophosphorus poisoning with atropine, dosing schedules including three times daily doses for some drugs, and references for further information.
Strokes
This document discusses the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of different types of strokes. It describes ischemic strokes, which are treated with antiplatelet drugs like aspirin within 48 hours to prevent further clotting, as well as anticoagulants and thrombolytic drugs like tPA to dissolve existing clots if given within 3-4.5 hours. Hemorrhagic strokes are treated differently by reducing blood pressure with drugs, decreasing intracranial pressure, and using hemostatic agents to promote clotting since the goal is to stop bleeding in the brain. Early treatment is important for minimizing disability after both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes.
Amantadine and possible management of coronavirus
Amantadine is a medication used to treat and prevent influenza A infections. It works by restoring balance to neurotransmitters in the brain. Common side effects include insomnia, nightmares, bladder pain, and blurred vision. While once used to treat influenza A, amantadine is no longer recommended due to resistance from mutations in the M2 protein of influenza A. Coronaviruses encode four major structural proteins including spike, nucleocapsid, membrane, and envelope proteins that are required to produce a complete viral particle. Resistance to amantadine is a consequence of mutations to the influenza A virus M2 protein.
chemicals in hair care products
This document discusses various chemicals commonly found in hair care products, identifying whether they are generally harmful or useful. It examines ingredients like panthenol, dimethicone, cocamide MEA, zinc pyrithione, and various oils, vitamins, plant extracts, chelating agents, and preservatives. While some ingredients like dimethicone and cocamide MEA can benefit hair, others such as ammonium laureth sulfate and certain preservatives may irritate skin or have been linked to health issues.
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
NSAIDs are anti-inflammatory drugs that work by inhibiting the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. They can cause side effects like stomach ulcers, kidney failure, and liver failure. NSAIDs are generally not recommended for people with asthma, during late pregnancy, or when taking anticoagulants due to bleeding risks. While NSAIDs can increase blood pressure and interact with antihypertensives, paracetamol is safer for patients with hypertension. NSAIDs may also interact with sulfonylureas and lower blood glucose in diabetics. Ibuprofen has the highest liver safety among NSAIDs.
Overview on pharmacological management of depression
This document provides an overview of the pharmacological management of depression. It discusses that depression is caused by deficiencies in neurotransmitters like norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain. The major types of depression are major depression and bipolar depression. It then explains how neurotransmitters are transmitted between neurons and reuptake processes. The major lines of pharmacological treatment discussed are monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Examples of each class of drug are provided along with their mechanisms of action and common side effects.
Nocturnal enuresis vs urine retention
This document discusses nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting) in children and urine retention in adults. It outlines several potential causes, including hormonal problems, bladder problems, genetics, sleep problems, and psychological problems. It then describes four main treatment lines - vasopressin-related drugs, antispasmodic agents, antidepressants, and odor modifiers. Specific drugs are discussed for each treatment line along with their mechanisms of action and dosages. Side effects and cautions are also provided. Urine retention in adults can be caused by obstruction, nerve problems, medications, or weakened bladder muscles. Treatment involves catheterization, urethral stents, medications to relax the bladder or prostate, and hormonal
The differences between imptigo and herpes
Boils and cold sores are common bacterial and viral skin infections. Boils are caused by Staphylococcus aureus and present as yellowish-brown crusts that form mostly on the face, arms and legs. They are treated with oral and topical antibiotics for 5-7 days. Cold sores are caused by a virus and appear as small fluid-filled blisters that may cause fever and headaches. They are treated with topical antiviral creams. Both infections require washing affected areas and avoiding touching the sores.
Nanotechnology based drug delivery
This document discusses nanotechnology based drug delivery using nanoparticles. It defines nanoparticles as particulate distributions between 10-100 nm in size. Nanoparticles can be prepared from different materials and used to deliver drugs through controlled release and targeted delivery to diseased tissues. This allows for lower drug doses, reduced side effects, and improved drug solubility. The document discusses various nanoparticle types and aspects of passive and active drug targeting to specific sites. Overall, nanoparticles show potential for improving drug pharmacokinetics and delivery across biological barriers.
ligand-mediated nanoparticles for targeting brain tumors (glioma)
over-expressed receptors on surface of glioma cells, BBB or both can be potential targets for nano-drugs to ensure specificity of chemotherapeutic agent and reduce side effects as possible
Brca 1 (breast cancer susceptibility gene-1)
BRCA-1 is a tumor suppressor gene that regulates cell division and helps repair DNA damage; it exists in two copies inherited from each parent, and variations can render it ineffective, allowing cells with damaged DNA to divide uncontrollably and potentially develop into cancerous cells.
Several methods making drugs overcome blood-brain barier obstacle .
The blood-brain barrier represents a major obstacle to delivering drugs to the central nervous system. Several methods have been attempted to overcome this barrier, including using exosomes, prodrugs, polymer encapsulation, receptor-mediated transport, modifying surface charge, and transiently disrupting the barrier using chemical agents, focused ultrasound, or magnetic fields. Encapsulating drugs within biodegradable polymers like PLGA allows them to accumulate in brain tumors at higher levels compared to healthy brain tissue.
Pharmacological management of female infertility
clomiphene, tamoxifen, urofollitropin, chrionic gonadotropine& bromocriptine indication, uses &dosage.
Betahistine as a treatment for vertigo
Vertigo is a condition that causes feelings of dizziness or a sense that objects are moving when they are not. Betahistine is a drug commonly prescribed to treat vertigo and balance disorders associated with Ménière's disease. It works by dilating blood vessels in the inner ear to relieve pressure from excess fluid, and by increasing levels of neurotransmitters like histamine and serotonin in the brainstem to inhibit vestibular nuclei activity. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, and headaches. It should be avoided if one is allergic to betahistine or has conditions like pheochromocytoma or gastric/duodenal ulcers.
Preparation of negatively charged polymer coated magnetic nanoparticles as t...
This document summarizes a method for preparing polymer-coated magnetic nanoparticles for targeted delivery of drugs to treat brain tumors. Magnetite nanoparticles are first synthesized and then coated with oleic acid. The oleic acid-coated nanoparticles are then encapsulated in poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) using an oil-in-water emulsion method. This PLGA coating makes the nanoparticles biocompatible and able to pass through the blood-brain barrier to accumulate in tumor tissues via the enhanced permeability and retention effect. The polymer-coated magnetic nanoparticles allow for targeted delivery of drugs to brain tumors while avoiding effects on other tissues.
More from Abeer Abd Elrahman (20)
Overview on pharmacological management of depression
Overview on pharmacological management of depression
ligand-mediated nanoparticles for targeting brain tumors (glioma)
ligand-mediated nanoparticles for targeting brain tumors (glioma)
Several methods making drugs overcome blood-brain barier obstacle .
Several methods making drugs overcome blood-brain barier obstacle .
Preparation of negatively charged polymer coated magnetic nanoparticles as t...
Preparation of negatively charged polymer coated magnetic nanoparticles as t...
Recently uploaded
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.Basavarajeeyam - Ayurvedic heritage book of Andhra pradesh
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Journal Article Review on Rasamanikya
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.com
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control program
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Identification and nursing management of congenital malformations .pptx
Identification and nursing management of congenital malformations .pptxMGM SCHOOL/COLLEGE OF NURSING
Identification and nursing management of congenital malformations How STIs Influence the Development of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.pptx
STIs may cause PID. For the both disease, herbal medicine Fuyan Pill can be a solution.
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Light House Retreats: Plant Medicine Retreat Europe
Our aim is to organise conscious gatherings and retreats for open and inquisitive minds and souls, with and without the assistance of sacred plants.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptx
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Recently uploaded (20)
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Basavarajeeyam - Ayurvedic heritage book of Andhra pradesh
Basavarajeeyam - Ayurvedic heritage book of Andhra pradesh
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
Muscles of Mastication by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Muscles of Mastication by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control program
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control program
Identification and nursing management of congenital malformations .pptx
Identification and nursing management of congenital malformations .pptx
How STIs Influence the Development of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.pptx
How STIs Influence the Development of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.pptx
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Light House Retreats: Plant Medicine Retreat Europe
Light House Retreats: Plant Medicine Retreat Europe
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Role of metallic nanoparticles in managing brain tumor
- 2. *The general definition of nanotechnology is the creation and use of materials that have dimensions in the range of 1–100 nm. *Drug delivery is the most popular use for nanomaterials. *glioblastoma are tumors of astrocytes the star-shaped cells “glue-like” *highly aggressive
- 3. NPs can be used as : Vehicle for delivery. Contrasting agent “imaging” MRI CT, flourescent QDs. Therapeutic agent “metallic NPs”. Diagnostic tool . Multi-drug delivery .
- 5. metallic NPs that can be heated with light or radiofrequencies, or by a magnetic field for thermal ablation of tumors “hyperthermia”. many still require a greater understanding of their clearance and safety. non biodegradable NP to be able to be excreted it must have a diameter less than the renal filtration cutoff of approximately 5– 6 nm.
- 7. Fe3O4 NPs have shown success with antibody treatments as well as with thermotherapy induced by an alternating magnetic field. Fe3O4 can be coated with polymers, liposomes, dendrimers and hydrogels . Studies showed success in using an external magnetic field to guide a polymer Fe3O4 NP gene delivery system across the BBB.
- 8. Au “gold” NPs have the advantages of relatively straightforward synthesis, easy surface functionalization, small sizes, and the corresponding ability to be excreted by the body and remain relatively nontoxic. Au NPs can also utilize thermotherapy by heating gold with visible, infrared, or radiofrequency pulses to cause localized tumor damage.
- 9. NPs can also allow loading of additional drugs for simultaneous multidrug delivery or even the addition of imaging probes for in vivo monitoring or diagnosis. contrast enhancement by magnetic NPs used for MRI and contrast enhancement by AuNPs for computed tomography imaging .
- 10. Fe3O4 NPs : ◦ The first NPs created for brain tumor imaging were monocrystalline Fe3O4 NPs, which were conjugated to tumor-specific monoclonal antibodies called L6. ◦ Fe3O4 NPs with diameters around 50 nm have been shown to be relatively nontoxic and also biodegradable. Gadolinium NPs : - gadolinium NPs showed high retention time in tumor with relatively less toxicity than non-nanoparticulate gadolinium
- 11. QDs are highly advantageous as they can be tailored for fluorescence emission , QDs can potentially be toxic if accumulated in normal tissues without organic polymer protection.
- 12. Coprecipitation solution technique : - mixtures of mixtures of ferrous and ferric hydroxides are oxidized using a mild oxidant (nitrate ions) in basic media followed by thermolysis under high temperature . - The size of the particles can be controlled by the velocity of thermal reaction and concentration of the iron salts. - The smallest particles can also be generated after adding polyvinylalcohol (PVA) to the iron salts. - Modifications on this method allow synthesis of biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles in the presence of dextran or any other biocompatible polymer.
- 13. Aerosol/vapour methods: - spraying a solution into a series of reactors where the aerosol droplets undergo evaporation of the solvent and solute condensation, followed by drying and thermolysis of the precipitated particle at higher temperature. - In spray pyrolysis, the ultrafine particles are usually aggregated into larger particles, while in laser pyrolysis the ultrafine particles are less aggregated due to the shorter reaction time.
- 14. Facilitates functionalization Protects the drug from the body Protects the body from the drug Mantains physical properties of the drug
- 15. A major hurdle in successfully treating brain cancer is the presence of the selective barrier between brain tissue and the blood. However, it is important to note that the presence of a brain tumor disrupts this very selective BBB, and creates an opportunity for the improved delivery of therapeutic agents. NPs take advantage of the enhanced permeability and retention effect to accumulate particles and/or drugs over time due to leaky vasculature and an ineffective lymph system for cancer .
- 16. 1- Systemic Delivery: - Intravenous injection is the most widely used method to deliver nanoparticles to the brain because of its non-invasive nature . -Nanoparticle delivery is hindered because of clearance by phagocytes . -To circumvent this, nanoparticles smaller than 100 nm are coated with poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) which mitigate macrophage recognition and increase blood circulation half- life.
- 17. 2- Local Delivery : Local or direct bolus injection of nanoparticles intracranially is an alternative delivery method that bypasses the systemic circulation and BBB altogether. A major disadvantage of this delivery technique stems from the tightly packed cells in the brain matter that results in low diffusion coefficients and causes sluggish diffusion and backflow of the injected nanoparticle .