This presentation was delivered at five vegetable production meetings across Alabama and it consisted of various sub-topics such as new insecticides, trap cropping, pheromone-based monitoring systems, and insect identification and scouting techniques.

1. Trap Cropping & Insect Monitoring Techniques Dr. Ayanava Majumdar Extension Entomologist Alabama Cooperative Extension System Gulf Coast Research & Extension Center 8300 State Hwy 104, Fairhope, Alabama 36532 Cell phone: 251-331-8416

2. NEW RESOURCE: VEGETABLE ENTOMOLOGY DYNAMIC WEBSITE Dr. Ayanava Majumdar, Extension Entomologist, ACES, 251-331-8416, azm0024@auburn.edu Visit http://www.aces.edu/dept/com_veg/ or https://sites.aces.edu/group/commhort/vegetable/default.aspx

3. Conventional chemicals (SE recommen.) Conventional products MOA New chemistries MOA Aphids, flea beetles, whitefly Stink bugs Dimethoate, acetamiprid (Assail), imidacloprid (Admire Pro) Bifenthrin & many pyrethroids Pyrethroid -neonicotinoid (Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists, sodium channel modulators) Flonicamid (Beleaf) Pymetrozine (Fulfill) Spirotetramat (Movento) Spiromesifen (Oberon) Feeding inhibitors Acetyl CoA caboxylase inhibitor Caterpillars (looper, tomato fruitworm, pinworm) Thrips Bt (Dipel, Crymax), bifenthrin, beta-cyfluthrin (Baythroid), lambda-cyhalo. (Warrior), zeta-cyper. (Mustang Maxx), esfenvalerate (Asana), fenpropathrin (Danitol) Insect midgut membrane disruptors Sodium channel modulators Emamectin benzoate (Proclaim) Flubendiamide (Synapse), Rynaxypyr (Coragen) Indoxacarb (Avaunt) Methoxyfenozide (Intrepid) Spinetoram (Radiant) Chloride channel activators Ryanodine receptor modulators Sodium channel blockers Ecdysone receptor agonist Spinosyn (nicotinic receptors)

8. Why should you use trap crops? Combined use of cultural control + Insecticides = IPM approach Trap crop New insecticide Corn earworm devastated sunflower (trap crop) but stayed away from peanuts Image source: ICRISAT, India

10. Crash course in insect behavior Insect moving over tomato patch >> plant odor, shape, size arrest flying insect >> insect lands on plant surface >> exploratory behavior >> gathering stimulus (feeding, oviposition) >> triggers specific behaviors

16. Trap cropping arrangements Strip Trap Cropping (mechanism) Sorghum (trap crop) Cotton Peanut (reservoir for pest) Green stink bugs migration

21. Monitoring insects with PHEROMONE TRAPS Dr. Ayanava Majumdar Extension Entomologist Alabama Cooperative Extension System Gulf Coast Research & Extension Center 8300 State Hwy 104, Fairhope, Alabama 36532 Cell phone: 251-331-8416

26. Parts of a Pheromone Trap Wing Pheromone Trap Top section (fixed) Bottom section (replaceable sticky card with grid) Metal support Lure with lure holder

27. Types of Pheromone Traps Wing Traps Lure supply: Trece, Scentry, APTIV; trap supply: Great Lakes IPM, Arbico Organics, Gemplers, APTIV Wing trap with grid on sticky bottom Wing trap with baffles These are very popular in IPM due to their easy assemblage, large trap bottom, & low cost of kits! Suitable for large moths: armyworm, cutworm, fruitworms Problem: servicing trap is cumbersome, animals could ruin trap

28. Types of Pheromone Traps Lure supply: Trece, Scentry; trap supply: Great Lakes IPM, Gemplers Delta Traps >> These are very popular in IPM due to their easy assemblage, maintenance, less weather damage, & low cost of kits! Suitable for small moths: diamondback moth, loopers Problem: small trapping surface, wind damage

33. Monitoring insects with PHEROMONE TRAPS QUESTIONS? Trap Cropping