This presentation was provided to small retailers that participated at the CHR training courses statewide in Alabama in 2013. It includes research highlights of conventional and organic insecticides suitable for retailers and small producers.

1. Introduction to Vegetable
Insect Pests & Insecticides
Dr. Ayanava Majumdar (Dr. A)
Ext. Entomologist &
State SARE Coordinator
Auburn, AL 36849
Tel: (251) 331-8416
bugdoctor@auburn.edu
CHR Training Program, Fall 2013

2. Know the IPM
Campaign!
Campaign items: Display magnets,
bookmarks (4 designs), IPM exhibitions
2

3. Vegetable IPM Website
www.aces.edu/go/87
3

4. IPM Training Videos: ACES Fresh From the Field
4

5. Alabama SARE Website
5

6. Join Vegetable IPM on Facebook!
Advantages: Live updates, interact with researchers,
videos and photos, IPM contest
6

7. Join Commercial Horticulture on Facebook!
Advantages: Live updates, interact with
researchers, videos and photos, IPM contest
7

8. The IPM Communicator
(A FREE electronic newsletter)
To signup: Email bugdoctor@auburn.edu
Or sign up today on the sheet provided!
8

9. 9

10. INSECT IDENTIFICATION
10

11. Squash vine borer
(Mellitia cucurbitae)
Prefer cucumber, squash, gourd.
Females are clear wing moths.
Females lay 150-200 eggs singly.
Larvae burrow inside the stem &
feed inside the stem.
Abundance of excreta.
Larvae overwinter in soil.
Row covers & field sanitation.
Hubbard trap crop on perimeter
11

12. Squash bugs (Anasa tristis)
Flattened dorsal surface – great for hiding.
Nymphs are whitish with reddish heads &
legs
Both adults & nymphs feed.
Overwinter as adults.
Eggs laid in masses.
Heavy feeding causes sudden wilting of
squash.
Remove crop debris promptly.
Transmit cucurbit yellow vine disease.
12

13. Cucurbit yellow vine disease
• Transmitted by SqBs
• Can be misdiagnosed as
bacterial wilt
• Caused by Serratia
marcescens.
• Survives in SqBs
CYVD in Addison, AL, 2013
• Young seedlings more
susceptible
• Sudden wilting of vines midseason or after fruiting
13

14. Cucumber beetles
Striped cucumber
beetle,
Acalymma
vittatum
Spotted cucumber
beetle,
Diabrotica
undecimpunctata
Severe feeding injury on watermelons
• Attack seedlings – first 2 to 3 wk critical
• Use row covers, reduce weeds
• Transmit bacterial wilt on squash, cantaloupe, cucumber
14

15. What is it?
Potato aphid, Macrosiphum
euphorbiae
Green peach aphid, Myzus
persicae
Monitoring/scouting techniques:
Sample ten plants in several locations
Yellow sticky traps at edge of field
Like cool, dry weather
Watch for ants and lady beetles
ET = 50% leaves with aphids
Host range: 40 host plants
15

16. What is it?
Onion thrips, Thrips tabaci
Tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca
Host plants: tomato,
peanuts, cotton, beans
Monitoring/scouting techniques:
Use sticky cards (yellow, blue)
Bag and shake technique
No action threshold
Use resistant varieties (BHN 444, 589,
640, Bella Rosa)
Tomato spotted wilt destroys plants
16

17. What is it?
Monitoring/scouting techniques:
Flea beetles (many
species)
Monitor level of defoliation
Sample small plants with sweep net
during morning hours
Observe activity of parasitoids, predators
(sweep net)
ET = 5-10% defoliation early season, 2530% defoliation mid-season
Host plants: potato,
tomato, peppers, broccoli,
cabbage, okra, etc.
17

18. What is it?
Tomato fruitworm, Helicoverpa zea
Monitoring/scouting techniques:
Examine green fruit, stem
terminals
Scout for egg masses or larvae
Host plants: tomato, cotton, soybean,
corn (16 host plants)
Use pheromone traps to detect
first flight; ET = 5-10 moths per
night when temp. is <85F
ET is ½ if temp. is >85F
Tobacco budworm,
Heliothis virescens
18

19. What is it?
Fall armyworm, Spodoptera
frugiperda
• Caterpillars have an inverted Y
mark on head
• 4 black warts on 8th abdominal
segment
• Curl up when disturbed
• Eats leaves and fruits
• Moths can be detected using
pheromone traps
• Overwinters in Gulf coast
• Host range: sweet corn, tomato,
peppers
• Premature drop & fruit rot
19

20. What is it?
• Polyphagous insect (tomato,
pepper, cotton, soybean,
alfalfa)
• Have many wild hosts –
lambsquarter & pigweed
Beet armyworm,
Spodoptera exigua
• Creamish or light-green
caterpillar, 4 pairs of prolegs
• Black spot on thorax just above
the leg
• Early instars feed voraciously
• Moths are attracted to weak
plants
Damage to pepper plant
20

21. What is it?
Tomato hornworm, Manduca
quinquemaculata
• Overwinter as pupae in soil
• Adults are hawk moths –
rapid flyers
• Larva has 8 white stripes on
side
• Larvae feed on foliage, then
attack fruit
• Host range: tomato, pepper,
eggplant, potato
• Repelled by marigold
• ET = >1 larva per plant
21

22. What is it?
Southern green stink bug,
Nezara viridula
Monitoring/scouting techniques:
Use a sweep net
Use pheromone trap (expensive? cumbersome?)
Intensify scouting at fruit setting
ET = 0.25 bugs per 10 plants (green fruit stage)
Host: >52 plants
Brown stink
bug, Euschistus servus
Lygus bug, Lygus
lineolaris
Stink bug feeding injury
22

23. Leaffooted bugs
Leptoglossus gonagra
Leptoglossus phyllopus
Mass feeding causes
fruit drop
Leptoglossus zonatus
23

24. Spider mites
•
•
•
•
Major pest of open field & high tunnel crops
Extensive webbing on leaves/stems
Rapid buildup in hot dry weather
Difficult to control with approved pesticides
24

25. Emerging Crop Pests: Invasive Insects
Brown
marmorated stink
bug, Hyalomorpha
halys
Bean plataspid, Megacopta cribraria
Detected in AL in 2010
Seeks shelter in homes
Infests kudzu, soybean, kidney beans, lima
beans, etc.
UGA Photos
25

26. What is IPM?
• “Integrated pest management (IPM) is a threshold based
decision management system which leads to judicious use
of multiple pest control tactics.”
• IPM is currently insecticide-intensive…
• Major losses occur due to:
• Lack of early detection of insects
• Insecticide resistance by misuse
• Loss of natural control with insecticides
26

27. Decision making in IPM…
•
•
•
•
•
•
Insect detection & monitoring
Insect identification
Population pressure
Economic threshold
Make treatment decision
Choosing right insecticide
27

28. USDA Crop Pest Management Practice
Standard (NOP)
• Level 1: Systems-based practices (cultural
practices, sanitation, crop rotation, trap crops)
• Level 2: Mechanical and physical practices
(barriers, lures/traps, repellents, hand-picking)
• Level 3: Biorational & other material (OMRI
approved insecticides)
28

29. CONVENTIONAL
VEGETABLE INSECTICIDES
CAUTION:
Use of product names does not mean endorsement by university!
Use cultural, mechanical, and other pest management tactics first
Insecticide use should be last resort!
Read pesticide labels – LABEL IS THE LAW.
29

30. Insecticide Mode of Action (MoA)
Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC): 28 MoA classification
Inhibit enzyme that breaks
down neurotransmitter
Sensory neuron
Flow of info
Carbamates, OP (act in
the synaptic gap)
Cyclodienes, Pyr
ethroids (act on
receiving neuron)
Neonicotinoids,
Spinosyn (mimic
neurotransmitter)
Receiving neuron
30

31. Trends in synthetic chemistries
• Early insecticides were short chain>>quick activation
• New insecticides: need “activation” by insect enzyme
systems (target-specific)
Carbaryl
Malathion
Spinetoram
Chlorantraniliprole
Zeta-cypermethrin
Imidacloprid
31

32. Step-by-step handbook use
• Pest confirmed >> locate crop page
• Think about IPM – start with cultural control tactics
• E.g., brown stink bug confirmed on tomato, then…
Table 2-22, page 159
Synthetic pyrethroids are listed in Table 2-26, Page
165 (details on next slide)
32

33. Check the efficacy table (Table 2-25, Page 164)
Chemical classes (rotate!)
Major pests on top of page
Stink bug/H. bug
+++ Very effective
++ Effective
+ Somewhat effective
- Ineffective/insufficient data
33

34. Step-by-step handbook use
• Identify the pest by traveling to the site
• Misidentification is common!
• E.g., predatory stink bug (A) vs. phytophagous stink
bug (B)
Source: Clement Akotsen-Mensah, Alabama IPM Communicator newsletter, 2011, Vol. 2, Issue 3
34

35. IRAC Chemical class: 1A (Carbamates)
MoA: inhibitor of enzyme (AChE), hyperexcites insects, nonselective
Common name
Product
Pesticide type Oral
Best against
LD50 (mg/kg)
Carbaryl
Sevin D/S
In, Ac (St, Co)
300
FB, FAW, SVB
Methamidophos
Monitor 4L
In, Ac(Sys)
16
Aph, Thr, BAW
Methomyl
Lannate
40SP
In, Ac (Sys, Co) 17
Thr, BAW
35

36. Updates for Class 1A, 1B
• Inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme…NERVE ACTION
• Lower control efficacy than other new insecticides (+, ++) – APPLY EARLY
• Methomyl (Lannate) – good against loopers, hornworm, fruitworm,
pinworm
• Malathion (50-55% generic) – effective against small loopers;
• very short residual against cucumber beetles,
stink bugs in AL (2010, 2012 study)
36

37. IRAC Chemical class: 1B (Organophosphates)
MoA: inhibitor of enzyme (AChE), hyperexcites insects
Common
name
Product
Pesticide type Oral
Best against
LD50 (mg/kg)
Malathion
Malathion
In (Co)
1000+
FB, CB, SqB,
SB??
Acephate
Orthene
In (Sys)
800+
FAW, Aph, Thr
Diazinon
Diazinon (RUP)
I (Co)
400
WW, MGT, SqB
Chlorpyrifos
Lorsban 15G
In (Co)
95
MGT, CW, WW,
FAW
Dimethoate
Dimethoate
IN (Sys)
Aph,
leafhoppers,
psyllids, thrips
37

38. IRAC Chemical class: 3A (Pyrethroids)
MoA: Act on sodium channels (receiving neuron)
Contact/stomach: use for quick knock-down, nonselective
Common name
Product
Pesticide
type
Oral LD50
(mg/kg)
Best against
Cyfluthrin
Baythroid XL
In (Co, St)
1200+
ImCW, SqVB, CW, SB
Gamma cyhalo
Proaxis 0.5EC
In (Co)
-
FB, CB, ECB, ImCW, SqVB,
CW
Fenpropathrin
Danitol 2.4EC
In, Ac (Co,
St)
450
ImCW, SqVB, SqB
Zeta-cyper
Mustang Max
0.8 EC
In (Co)
150-400
FB, CW, CB, SB, ImCW,
Brigade 2EC
In, Ac (Co)
Bifenthrin
SqVB
54
FB, CB, ImCW, SqVB, CW
Asana® XL insecticide
38

39. Synthetic pyrethroid insecticides
Table 2-26
4th gen.
3rd gen.
39

40. Fruit quality with Sniper (Bifenthrin)
Late season treatment, Cullman, 2012
Check plots
Sniper (bifenthrin)
40

41. Updates for Class 4A
•
•
•
•
Neonicotinoid insecticides against sucking pests
Most can be applied to soil (transplant drench, drip irri.) or foliar spray
Systemic & contact action depending on application method
Imidacloprid (Admire):
• Aphid, Colorado potato beetle, thrips control in tomatoes
• Soil application @ 7 oz (21 d PHI)
• Foliar application @ 1.2 oz (0 PHI)
• Transplant water @ 2 oz per 10,000 plants (21 d)
• Sulfoxaflor (Closer): For aphid control, 2 applications/season
• Dinotefuran (Venom 70SG, Scorpion 35SL):
• Cucumber beetle & squash bugs – Venom @ 4 oz , 21 d PHI
• Stink bugs, whitefly in tomato – Scorpion @ 2 to 7 oz, 1 d PHI
• Good action against stink bugs (tested in AL, 2012)
41

42. IRAC Chemical class: 4A (Neonicotinoids)
MoA: Mimic neurotransmitter at neuromuscular joints, hyperactivity
Systemic action: many weeks of protection against pests, apply early
Common name
Product
Pesticide type Oral
LD50 (mg/kg)
Best against
Thiamethoxam
Platinum SC
In (Sys)
>5000
Aph, FB, CB, SB
Dinotefuran
Venom 70SG
In (Sys)
>5000
FB, CPB, CB, SB, WF
Clothianidin
Belay 3G
In (Sys)
4700
FB, CPB, SqB, CB
Imidacloprid
Admire 1.6F
In (Sys, Co,
St)
450
FB, CPB, Aph, SB
Provado F
Acetamiprid
Assail 30SG
CPB, CB, Aph, Thr
In (Sys)
-
Aph, CPB, Thr
Assail® insecticide
42

43. Master Gardeners IPM Project (2010):
Efficacy of Imidacloprid
Observations:
• Imidacloprid provides early
season protection
• Promotes plant
establishment & growth
• Earlier fruit harvest
• Less buildup of insects
43

44. Systemic insecticide (imidacloprid) reduces virus
transmission in tomatoes
Results of 1999 tomato test at Tifton, GA in terms of main plot (BHN444 resistance and
silver reflective mulch) and subplot (different length periods of insecticide control of
thrips) effects on number of thrips, % TSWV, and $ yield per acre, respectively.
BHN444-silver mulch
47 b
28% b
$7,233 a
Sunny Hyb.-silver mulch
49 b
57% a
$4,721 ab
Sunny Hyb.-black mulch
64 a
67% a
$3,602 b
Admire + four weeks of foliar sprays
53 b
28% c
$6,685 a
Admire + two weeks of foliar sprays
57 b
56% ab
$6,102 a
Admire + eight weeks of foliar sprays
13 c
44% ab
$5,781 a
Admire + one week of foliar sprays
70 a
58% ab
$3,777 b
Untreated check
73 a
67% a
$3,580 b
David Riley, UGA, http://wiki.bugwood.org/Thrips_and_Spotted_Wilt_Management_in_Tomato
44

45. IRAC Chemical class: 4C
MoA: Nerve poison, primarily by ingestion
Limited to 2 applications/season
Common name
Product
Pesticide type Oral
LD50 (mg/kg)
Best against
Sulfoxaflor
Closer
In
Aph, leafhopper,
scale insects
45

46. IRAC Chemical class: 5 (Spinosyns)
MoA: Mimic neurotransmitter, hyperexcite insects
Common name
Product
Pesticide
type
Oral
LD50 (mg/kg)
Best against
Spinosyn A, D
Entrust (SpinTor
phase out)
In (St)
>5000
CPB, ImCW, CEW, FAW,
Radiant 1SC
In (St)
Spinetoram
BAW, CL, DBM
>5000
CPB, CEW, ECB, ImCW,
CL, Thr
Spinetoram (Radiant 1SC):
• Microbial fermentation derivate
• Application rate = 6-8 oz
• Preharvest interval (PHI) = 1-3 days
• Registered for many leafy veg., fruit crops, root crops, etc.
Entrust: for ORGANIC producers
46

47. Updates for Class 5
Radiant:
• 2nd generation spisosyn with long residual (10-14 d)
• Strong contact poison (nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activators)
• Foliar application, overhead chemigation
• Excellent against thrips, CEW, ICW, loopers, armyworms
• In AL, provides 7-10 d relief against cabbage loopers & armyworms
• 1 d PHI
• Great fruit quality
47

48. Fruit quality with Radiant (spinetoram)
Late season treatment, Cullman, 2012
Check plots
Radiant foliar treatment
48

49. Updates for Class 7
Pyriproxyfen (Knack/Distance):
Insect growth regulator
Very good against whiteflies (immatures only)
Some delay in action
Get absorbed in eggs
Updates for Class 16
Buprofezin (Courier, Talus):
Insect growth regulator (disrupts cuticle formation)
Very good against whiteflies (immatures only)
3-7 d delay in action
Whiteflies Biotype Q
Talus for greenhouse tomatoes
49

50. Growth Regulator Insecticides
IRAC Chemical class: 7C, 16, 17, 18
Common name
Product
Pesticide
type
Oral
LD50 (mg/kg)
Best against
Less effective
Methoxyfenozide
Intrepid 2F
I (Co)
>5000
CL, FAW, ImCW
DBM, SqVB
Buprofezin
Courier
I, Mi (Co)
>5000
WF
Pyriproxifen
Knack
I (Co)
>5000
WF
Growth regulators:
• Methoxyfenozide forces molting, longlasting, 4-10 oz, 1 day PHI
• Buprofezin inhibits chitin biosynthesis
(homopteran), 9-13 oz, 7 day PHI
• Pyriproxifen mimics juvenile hormone
(homop.), 8-10 oz, 14 day PHI
50

51. Updates for Class 9
Pymetrozine (9B, Fulfill)
Flonicamid (9C, Beleaf)
• Selective homopteran feeding blockers (50% AI)
• Specific to aphids (over 19 sp, incl. green peach aphid)
• Suppression of whiteflies
• Applied through spray or chemigation
• 0 d PHI in tomatoes, 14 d PHI in watermelon
• Excellent rotation partner
51

52. IRAC Chemical class: 9 (new chemistry)
MoA: Unknown; selective homopteran feeding blockers
Common name
Product
Pesticide type
Oral
LD50 (mg/kg)
Best against
Pymetrozine (9B)
Fulfill 50WDG
In (St)
>5000
Aph, WF
Flonicamid (9C)
Beleaf 50SG
In(St)
>2000
Aph
Fulfill 50WDG (Syngenta):
• Selective insecticide for aphid control
• Good residual, rainfast
• Application rates low: 2-2.8 oz/acre product
• PHI = 0 days
52

53. Updates for Class 23
Spirotetramat (Movento)
• New lipid biosynthesis inhibitor
• Foliar systemic movement in plants (7 d
activation time)
• Good aphid, whitefly control
• Alternative to neonicotinoids
• Needs a surfactant
• Residual action for 21 d (leaf surfaces)
• 1 d PHI
53

54. Updates for Class 28
Chlorantraniliprole (Coragen)
Flubendiamide (Synapse 24WG/Belt 4SC)
• Ryanodine receptor modulators (nerve/muscle action)
• Rapid cessation of feeding
• Belt 4SC against armyworms @1.5 fl. oz.
• Synapse 24WG against loopers, hornworms, fruitworms @ 2-3 oz
• Apply early for small caterpillars
• Foliar application
• 1 d PHI
• Excellent rotation partner
54

55. IRAC Chemical class: 28 (new chemistry-diamides)
MoA: Ryanodine receptor modulators (acts inside muscles)
Common name
Product
Pesticide type
Oral
LD50 (mg/kg)
Best against
Chlorantraniliprole
Coragen 1.67SC
In (St, Co, Sys)
>5000
CPB, CEW, ECB, FAW,
BAW, CL, SqVB, SB
Flubendiamide
Synapse 24WG
In (Sys)
>2000
CEW, ECB, CL, ImCW,
BAW, FAW
Diamides:
• Rapid inhibition of feeding, paralysis
• Selective insecticides, contact/stomach action
• No aphid or mite flaring
• Appl. rate = 3-5 oz (Coragen), 2-3 oz (Synapse)
• 1 day PHI
55

56. Fruit quality with Coragen (chlorantraniliprole)
Late season treatment, Cullman, 2012
Check plots
Coragen foliar treatment
20% fruit
damage
90% fruit
damage
56

57. Fruit quality with Belt (flubendiamide)
Cullman, 2012
Untreated check
Belt
90% fruit
damage
<10% fruit
damage
57

58. Insecticides for Organic
Vegetable Production
58

59. Organic Approved Insecticides
59

60. Insecticide Mode of Action (MoA)
Physical dessicant – kaolin clay, ash
Contact action – vegetable oils, horticultural oils, neem,
pyrethrin, insecticidal soap, spinosyn, Beauveria,
Metarhizium
Stomach action – Bt (Dipel), botanicals
Volatile action – Garlic Barrier, Cinnamite
60

61. Friend of friends –
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)
• Bt kurstaki acts on small caterpillars
• Caterpillars in cool-season crops,
tomatoes, pepper
• Bt tenebrionis for beetles
• Frequent appl., thorough coverage
needed
• Prefer the liquid than concentrate
• 0 Pre Harvest Interval (PHI)
61

62. Fruit quality with Xentari (Bt aizawai)
(Late season treatment, Cullman, 2012)
Xentari
foliar
treatment
with 20%
damage
Untreated
crop with
90%
caterpillar
damage
62

63. Pyrethrin/Pyrethrum
Permethrin – NOT organic insecticide!
6% AI
6o% PBO
• Broad-spectrum insect control
• Pyganic 1.4EC, 5 EC – OMRI approved
•Pyrethrin + piperonyl butoxide (PBOsynergist) not organic
• Insects may recover
63

64. Fruit quality with Pyganic (pyrethrum)
(Cullman, 2012)
Untreated check
Pyganic foliar
30% fruit
damage
90% fruit
damage
64

65. Fruit quality with Xentari (Bta) + Pyganic
(Late season treatment, Cullman, 2012)
Check plots
Xentari + Pyganic foliar
65

66. Insect pathogen: Beauveria bassiana
• Contact action
• Slow acting but effective
• Target pests: nymphs & adults of
whiteflies, thrips, aphids, mealy
bugs, scarab beetles
• Check label for OMRI
OMRI approved
66

67. Neem-based Insecticides
• Contact action, controls immature
insects!
• Look for azadirachtin on label (Molt-X,
Neemix)
• Target pests: aphids, armyworms,
scales, thrips, WF
• Clarified hydrophobic extract of neem
oil may have no azadirachtin
Neem (oil)
OMRI approved
Neem II (oil + pyrethrin)
For
commercial
producers
67

68. Fruit quality with GOS Neem Foliar Spray
Clanton, AL 2013
Untr. Check: 45-70% crop loss with
live caterpillars (Aug 12)
Neem foliar (7DAT3)
20-30% fruit loss.
68

69. Fruit quality with GOS Neem Foliar Spray
Cullman, 2013
Untr. Check
Untreated crop with caterpillar
damage &
irregular fruit size
Neem Oil Foliar
(7DAT2)
69

70. Spinosyn
MoA: Mimic neurotransmitter, hyperexcite insects
Common name
Product
Pesticide
type
Oral
LD50 (mg/kg)
Best against
Spinosyn A, D
Entrust (SpinTor
phase out)
In (St)
>5000
CPB, ImCW, CEW, FAW,
Radiant 1SC
In (St)
Spinetoram
BAW, CL, DBM
>5000
CPB, CEW, ECB, ImCW,
CL, Thr
Entrust: for ORGANIC producers
70

71. Spinosyn…a good rotation partner
• Excellent for thrips,
leafminers, looper, DBM,
CPB, control
• Monterey product is
OMRI approved
• 1 day PHI
71

72. Insecticidal Soap
• Potassium salt of fatty acids
• Control soft-bodied insects (aphids, whiteflies)
• Some short-chain fatty acids are herbicides
(household detergent)
• No residual action, not rain fast
Not OMRI Approved
OMRI Approved
72

73. Kaolin Clay
•
•
•
•
Present naturally in soil in tropical countries
Foliar spray at high rate (25 lb/A)
OMRI approved – Surround WP (95% clay)
Natural desiccant, feeding deterrent
73

74. Vegetable Oils
•
•
•
•
•
Physical poisons
Short residue
Effective against soft-bodied insects
Do not use if temps are >90F
May not be OMRI approved
Pyola Insect Spray =
vegetable oil + pyrethrin
Sesame oil 5%
Fish oil 92%
Soybean oil (93%)
74
Canola oil (96%)

75. Pyola
• Pyrethrin 0.5% + canola oil 89.5%
• Contact insecticide
• Controls aphids, caterpillars,
mites, flea beetles
75

76. Fruit quality with Pyola applications
Clanton, AL 2013
Untr. Check: 45-70% crop loss with
live caterpillars (Aug 12)
Pyola
(Pyrethrin + canola oil, 7DAT3)
20% fruit loss. Good fruit
quality.
76

77. • Microbial pesticide derived from Chromobacterium
subsugae strain PRAA4-1 (30% AI)
• Can be used in open field and greenhouse – OMRI appr.
• Complex and broad mode of action against caterpillars &
small sucking insects (aphids, thrips, WFs) + mites
• Doesn’t interfere with beneficial insects
• Use a surfactant
• Good activity against BAW and SAW on tomato applied at
2 lb/A, 2 to 4 weekly treatments (UFL & UC 2011 studies)
• Reduced ACP nymphs and adults at 2lb/A after 1 to 2
weekly treatments.
77

78. Insecticide Premixes
Azera (MGK):
• OMRI approved
• Mix of azadirachtin + pyrethrin
• Interferes with molting, rapid knock-down
• Contact, stomach action, IGR
• Effective against stink bugs (brown
marmorated stink bug)
Mix of neem + pyrethrin
(Green Light)
78

79. Fruit quality with Azera
Thomaston, AL (2013)
Untr. Check
Wet year with abundant rain
Low to moderate caterpillar &
stink bug pressure
Uneven fruit size
Azera, 2 appl. (4 oz/Ga)
Consistent fruit size, good quality
Good caterpillar control
Weak on stink bugs
79

80. Introduction to Vegetable
Insect Pests & Insecticides
Dr. Ayanava Majumdar (Dr. A)
Tel: (251) 331-8416
bugdoctor@auburn.edu
QUESTIONS?