Here in this ppt there are few basic concepts and their descriptions of organic chemistry.

1. REACTIVE
INTERMEDIATES
Guided By:
Dr. Sowmya P T
Yuvaraja's college
Presented By:
Inchara R
3rd Semester
Molecular Biology
25/09/2018
1

2. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Types of Intermediates
• Carbocations
• Carboanions
• Free Radicals
• Carbenes
 Conclusion
 References
 Acknowledgement
2

3. 3

4. TYPES OF INTERMEDIATES
1. Carbocations:- A positively charged
species.
• E.g.: Methyl cation
• Structure:
4

5. • Stability:
a. Simple alkyl Carbocations:
b. Resonance:
Benzyl cation
5
Four Canonical structures

6. c. If electron releasing group such as alkyl
group is present adjacent to carbon atom
carrying positive charge will increase the
stability of carbocation.
• Generation:
a. From alkyl halides.
b. From diazonium ions.
6

7. 2. Carbanions: A negatively charged
species.
• E.g.: Methyl anion
• Structure:
7

8. • Stability:
a. Simple alkyl carbanions:
b. Resonance:
8

9. • Generation:
a. From alkyl halides
b. From unsaturated compounds
9

10. 3. Free radicals: Species that contain one
or more unpaired electrons.
• E.g.:
• Structure:
10
Planar Pyramidal

11. • Stability:
a. Hyperconjugation
b. Resonance
11
>

12. • Generation:
a. From photolysis
b. From thermolysis
12
+ 2CO2
Di-t-Butyl peroxide
.

13. 4. Carbenes:- Highly reactive species
having a life time less than one second.
• E.g.: Methylene , Dichlorocarbene
13

14. • Existence of carbene is of 2 form:
• Stability:
14

15. • Generation:
a. From ketenes.
b. From alkyl halides.
15

16. 16

17. REFERENCES
• V.K. Ahluwalia & Rakesh Kumar Parashar.
2007. Organic reaction mechanism Third
edition, Narosa publishing house Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi, 669pp.
• Robert thornton Morrison & Robert Neilson
Boyd. 2008. Organic Chemistry sixth edition
Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd., India, 1349pp.
• https://en.m.wikimedia.commons
• https://chem.libretexts.org
17

18. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to thank the dept. of Molecular Biology
for providing me this opportunity to present the
seminar.
I would also like to thank my guide Dr.P.T. Sowmya
ma’am for her valuable guidance.
Thank you one and all.
18

19. THANK YOU
19