Here is the description about pituitary gland. And it also includes some useful labelled diagram.

1. PITUITARY GLAND
Guided By:
Shashanka K
Prasad
Dept. Of Molecular
Biology
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Presented By:
Inchara R
4th Semester
Molecular
Biology
16/03/2019

2. INTRODUCTION
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3. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Location & Structure
 Development of pituitary gland
 Hormones of pituitary gland
 Functions of pituitary gland
 Disorders of pituitary gland
 Conclusion
 References
 Acknowledgement
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4. LOCATION & STRUCTURE
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Fig 1: Location of the pituitary gland in skull.

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Fig 3: Parts of pituitary gland.Fig 2: Location of the pituitary gland in brain.

6. 6Development Of Pituitary Gland
Fig 4: Events Occurring between 5 to 16 weeks of age

7. Posterior Pituitary Hormone
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1. Antidiuretic hormone:
 Role- ADH is a water-conservation hormone.
 Actions- Retention of water & Vasopressor action.
Fig 5: Kidney

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2. Oxytocin
 Role- Oxytocin is an important reproductive hormone.
 Actions- In females, oxytocin acts on mammary glands and uterus.
Fig 6: Uterus Fig 7: Mammary Gland

9. Anterior Pituitary Hormone
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Fig 8: Bones
1. Growth Hormone:
 Role- General growth of body.
 Action- On metabolism
- On bone.

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2. Prolactin:
Role- Milk production by the mammary glands of lactating females.
Action- Enhance progesterone secretion by the ovaries after ovulation.
- No role for this hormone has been clearly established in males.
Fig 9: Mammary Gland
Prolacti
n

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3. Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone:
Role- Growth and activity of the thyroid gland.
Action- It influences the uptake of iodine, the synthesis of the hormones,
thyroxin and tri-iodothyronine by the thyroid gland and the release of stored
hormones into the blood stream.
Fig 10: Thyroid Gland

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4. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone:
 Role- Stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland to produce its hormones.
 Action- Regulates chronic stress.
Fig 11: Adrenal Cortex

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Fig 12: Skin
5. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone:
Role- Skin pigmentation.
Action- MSH binds to membrane-bound receptors on skin melanocytes and
stimulates increased melanin.

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Fig 13: Ovaries Fig 14: Testis
6. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone & Luteinizing Hormone:
 Role- Regulating reproductive Organs.
 Action- Stimulate the production of gametes.
- Production of reproductive hormones.

15. PITUITARYDISORDERS
 Dwarfism:
• Cause - By the deficiency of growth hormones.
• Effects- Small proportioned body and sexual immaturity.
 Diabetes Insipidus:
• Cause- By the deficiency of ADH.
• Effects- Excess excretion of water through urine.
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Hypoactivity Of Pituitary Gland

16.  Simmonds's Disease:
 Cause- By the hyposecretion of anterior pituitary hormones
- Atrophy or degeneration of anterior lobe pituitary gland.
 Effects- Skin of face becomes dry and wrinkled, premature ageing.
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17. Hyperactivity of Pituitary Gland
 High Blood Level of ADH:
 Cause- By excessive secretion of ADH.
 Effects- Excessively dilute blood and low plasma sodium.
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18.  Acromegaly:
 Cause- By the excess of growth hormone after adult size is reached.
 Effects- Disproportionate increase in size of bones of face, hands & feet.
 Gigantism:
 Cause- By excess of growth hormone from early age.
 Effects- Large and well proportioned body.
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19. CONCLUSION
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20. REFERENCES
 Cinnamon L. VanPutte, Jennifer L. Regan, Andrew F. Russo. 2008 Seeley’s
anatomy & physiology, eleventh edition, McGraw-Hill Education, New York, USA,
1262pp.
 Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall. 2006 Textbook of Medical Physiology, eleventh
edition, Elsevier’s Health Sciences Rights Department, Philadelphia, USA, 1152pp.
 K Sembulingam and Prema Sembulingam. 2012. Essentials of Medical Physiology,
Sixth Edition, Jaypee brothers medical publishers Ltd, New Delhi, 1113pp.
 www.jiniordentist.com/hormones-released-from-pituitary-gland-and-their-
functions.html
 www.biologydiscussion.com/human-physiology/pituitaryglands/44964
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21. ACKNOWLEGDEMENT
I would like to thank the dept. of Molecular Biology for providing this
opportunity to present this seminar.
I would also like to thank my guide Shashanka sir for his valuable
guidance.
Thank you one and all.
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