1. WASHINGTON
TO
WAR OF 1812

2. Washington as President
 Unanimously elected
 Cabinet
 1789 Congress creates 3 executive departments
• Dept. of State
• Dept. of Treasury
• Dept. of War

3. Washington appoints Henry Knox (Sec’y of War),
Thomas Jefferson (Sec’y of State) and Alexander
Hamilton (Sec’y of Treasury)
Also appoints Edmund Randolph as Att’y General
Divisions in belief
• Hamilton v. Jefferson
• Personality & politically different
• Federalist (Hamilton) v. anti-Federalist
(Jefferson)

4. Court systems
• Established with Judiciary Act of 1789
• 6 man Supreme Court—5 justices, 1
Chief Justice
• John Jay first Chief Justice
• Also established district & circuit
courts

5. Hamilton’s financial plan
• No money post-war
• Idea:
• Federal gov’t takes all debt (state
and federal)
• Gov’t raises money through tariffs
• Create a national bank and mint to
stabilize economy

6. Highly controversial
• Unfair
• Question on constitutionality of nat’l
bank—not specifically granted by
Constitution
• Strict v. loose interpretation
Bank gets ok’d
• Splits politics by party
• Anti-Federalists turn into Democratic-
Republicans

7. Challenges of 1790s
• French Revolution—join or not?
• Washington says neutrality is best
• Proclamation April 1793
• Jay’s Treaty & Pinckney’s Treaty
• Resolution (1794) of issues between US &
Britain over payment for seized ships and
damages
• Britain agrees to leave forts in NW territory
• Pinckney’s Treaty (1795) peacefully settles
boundary disputes between US and Spain over
Florida territory

8. Whiskey Rebellion
• 1794 Pennsylvania farmers object to
Hamilton’s tax on whiskey by attacking
barns and tax collectors
• Washington sends militia to put down
rebellion
Conflict in NW Territory with Native
Americans

9. Challenges for President Adams
• 1796 Washington steps down after 2 terms gives
farewell address, warns about political parties
• John Adams elected
• Adams wants to improve US/France
relationship—not popular
• XYZ affair
• French diplomats demand
bribes
• US becomes more suspicious
of France

10. Jefferson’s Presidency
• Election of 1800 passes parties (Federalist to
Democratic Republican), ends in tie
• Per Constitution, House of Reps
decidesJefferson is elected as President
• Passes 12th Amendment
Marbury v. Madison
• Establishes that Supreme Court has right to
declare laws unconstitutional (Judicial Review)

11. Louisiana Purchase
• 1803 purchase land from France, doubles US size
• the action expands powers of presidency by using
IMPLICIT power
Lewis & Clark commissioned to explore the
new land, ends Nov. 1805

12. War of 1812
• Causes
• US in the middle of European war
• US ships being seized and press ganged
• British gives aid to Native Americans to
fight against Americans

13. • Effects
• Respect for US worldwide
• Nationalism in US citizens
• Increase in US jobs, manufacturing,
etc
• Less issues with Native Americans
• Andrew Jackson gains hero status after
victory at Battle of New Orleans