2. Introduction:-
Physical impairment means certain type of
dysfunction and disturbance in the body
resulting into its malfunctioning .
Under federal law an orthopedic
impairment means a severe bodily
impairment that adversely affects a child’s
education & performance . An orthopedic
impairment involves the skeletal system ,
bones , joints and limitation of associated
muscles .
3. Meaning :-
Also known as Physical Disability . It is a
significant physical limitation that impairs
the ability to move or to complete motor
activities .
All orthopedic impairment
fall in the definition or
category of physical
impairment , the reverse
is not true .
5. Definition:-
Tver & Tver(1991), “ An orthopaedic
impairment is an impairment that
interfers with the normal functioning of
bones , muscles or joints”.
Samuel & Romaine stated- “ The child
may be considered handicapped, if his
physical condition prevents full
participation in childhood activities of a
social, recreational , educational and
vocational nature”.
6. Characteristics :-
Average or
above average
intelligence .
Have shorter
attention span
.
Dependent on
adults .
High anxiety ,
frustration .
Inaccurate
coordination of
limbs .
Deformity . Paralysis .
Jerky
movements .
Difficulty in
walking ,
grasping
13. Spinabifida:-
Also known as ‘ Split
Spine’ . It occurs
when mother lacks
folate or folic acid
during pregnancy .
14. Cerebral palsy :-
Cerebral:- the
presence of a
causative lesion or
damage to the brain .
Palsy:-consequences
of such lesion in
terms of loss or
impairment in motor
functioning .
15. Causes of lack of
amniotic fluid in the
womb of the mother ,
breech presentation (at
delivery baby born with
its hips) & family history
of the condition .
Dislocation of
hip :-
16. Caused by gene
mutation .
Shown to be
associated with
advanced paternal age
.
Gene mutation affect
bone formation .
Achondroplasia:
17. Congenital defects :-
This condition occurs at birth or before birth
or develops during 1st month of life ,
regardless of causation .
A congenital disorder may be the result of
genetic abnormalities , the intrauterine
environment , errors of morphogenesis ,
Infection or a chromosomal abnormality .
Congenital defects may cause missing
bones , webbed fingers , cleft lips etc .
19. Polio :-
Also called infantile
paralysis , is an acute
, infectious disease
spread from person
to person . Virus
enters the central
nervous system &
cause motor problem
.
20. Environmental factors :-
Are those which affects an individual
externally or are not related to genetic level .
Pre – natal
environmental
factors .
Para-natal
environmental
factors.
Post-natal
environmental
factors .
22. Fetal Alcohol
Syndrome :-
FAS or foetal alcohol
syndrome is a pattern
of physical & mental
defects that can form
in a Fetus because of
high level of
consumption of
alcohol during
pregnancy .
23. During pregnancy can
have serious
implications for the child
resulting into severe
orthopedic impairment .
STD’s & AIDS :-
24. 2) Post –natal environmental
factors :-
Caesarian cases .
Infection with chronic disease .
Unhygienic conditions .
Oxygen deprivation .
Improper use of forceps or Anesthesia .
Accidental & incidental factors .
TB of joints , Sinus , certain fever after birth
.
Prolonged labor .
25. 3) Para – natal environmental
factors :-
Poverty & socio-economic conditions.
Child abuse .
Accidental & incidental factors .
Lead poisoning .
Polio, burns & injuries .
Malnutrition .
Vein blocking .
Spinal injury .
Lack of vitamin D or calcium .
Intoxication .
Inhalation of heavy metals .
Hypoxia .
26. Spinal cord injury
occurs when a
traumatic event
results in damage of
spinal cord or severs
the nerves that rely
signals up & down the
spinal cord.
Accidental &
incidental
factors :-
27. CHILD ABUSE :-
Beaten , burned,
sexually molested
,neglected by parents
These can result in :-
Facial disfigurement .
Skeletal deformity .
Muscular damage.
Disabilities .
sensory impairment .
Neurological damage.
POVERTY & LOW
SOCIO-ECONOMIC
CONDITIONS:-
Child marriage :- child
mothers can deliver
pre-mature babies .
Illiteracy .
Unhealthy living :-
are damaging to
the normal growth &
development which
results in physical
deformities .
28. MULTIPLE
SCLEROSIS :-
MS is a disease in
which our immune
system attacks the
protective sheath
(myelin) that covers
the nerves .
Effect of
infection &
diseases :-
29. Greek word
Arthro- Joints ,
Inflammation-
Arthritides .
Is a joint disorder that
involves inflammation
of one or more joints
ARTHRITIS :-
30. Conclusion :-
Orthopedic impaired children are those
who suffers from defects, deformities &
disturbances related to muscles, joints &
skeletal system . These impairment can
occur because of various causes . But it is
possible to treat these impairments but
they can’t be cured . Caution is must if we
want to avoid these impairments .