It presents the basic categories and examples of disabilities/disorders in children that would qualify them for special education

1. Nature and Characteristics
Arvin Kim Arnilla
Arvin Kim Arnilla, PhD, LPT, RC
Children with Special Needs:

2. Guessing Game
Identify which picture shows a person with disability/special need.
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12

3. “Disabled Children”
“Children with Disabilities”
“Children with Special Needs”
“To Label vs. Not to Label”
“Person first”
“Children with Additional Needs”

4. Professionals Dealing with Children with Special Needs
Developmental
Pediatrician
Physical Therapist Audiologist
Psychologist
Occupational
Therapist
Psychiatrist
Behaviorist Ophthalmologist
SPED Teacher /
Regular Teacher

8. But as SPED/ Regular Teachers ….

9. Special Education
Gifted Children
Children with
Disabilities/Impairment
"Specially designed
instruction, at no cost to
parents, to meet the unique
needs of a child with a
disability.” (IDEA, 2004)

10. I. Intellectual and Learning Disabilities
A. Intellectual Disability
B. Learning Disabilities (LD)
II. Sensory Disabilities
A. Blind and Low Vision (Visual Impairment
B. Hearing Impairment
C. Speech and Language Disorders/Delays
III. Physical Impairments and Special Health Problems
A. Physically/Orthopedically Impaired
B. Special Health Problems
IV. Cognitive-Processing and Behavior Problems
A. Autism
B. ADHD
C. Behavioral Problems
I. Gifted Children

11. Gifted Children
What is Giftedness?
 Children are gifted when their ability is
significantly above the norm for their age.
 Giftedness may manifest in one or more domains
such as; intellectual, creative, artistic, leadership,
or in a specific academic field such as language
arts, mathematics or science (http://www.nagc.org/resources-
publications/resources/what-giftedness)

12. I. Intellectual and Learning Disabilities

13. A. Intellectual Disability
 significant deficits in both intellectual functioning and
adaptive behavior, including conceptual, social and
practical skills
Characteristics

14. B. Learning Disabilities (LD)
have normal mental ability
have no psychosocial and self-care delays
have difficulty in listening, thinking, speaking,
reading, writing, spelling or doing mathematical
calculation.
Characteristics

16. II. Sensory Disabilities

17.  include totally and partially blind (low vision)
 those who use large print reading materials and other aids and
devices to improve their sight
Characteristics
 difficulty performing visual task even with
the provision of corrective eye glasses
A. Blind and Low Vision
(Visual Impairment)

18.  deaf and hard of hearing
 those whose hearing organs are not
functioning
 may or may NOT need hearing aid
Characteristics
B. Hearing Impairment

19. C. Speech and Language Disorders/Delays
 tends to draw unfavorable attention to their manner of
speaking rather than to the idea they are trying to
communicate
Characteristics
 Usually occurs with other disabilities like intellectual disability,
autism, learning disabilities, cerebral palsy and brain injury;
may be caused by damage to the brain or other nerves, by
developmental abnormalities such as cleft palate and
environmental toxins; other have no known cause

20. III. Physical Impairments and
Special Health Problems

21. A. Physically/Orthopedically Impaired
 Impairment interferes either permanently or temporarily, with
normal functioning of the nerves, joints, muscles or limbs
Characteristics
Polio Cerebral Palsy Amputee

22. B. Special Health Problems
 Health conditions that persist for a long time and may even
lead to death
 Ex: heart diseases, diabetes, hypertension, tuberculosis
asthma, epilepsy, carcinoma, allergy, seizure disorders,
AIDS, hemophilia, lupus
Characteristics

23. IV. Cognitive-Processing
and Behavior
Problems/Disorders

24. A. Autism
Characteristics
A. Persistent deficits in
social communication and
social interaction across
multiple contexts
B. Restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour,
interests, or activities

25. B. ADHD

26. C. Behavioral Disorders/ Problems
 Socially maladjusted
 Difficult circumstances
 Emotionally disturbed

27.  Socially Maladjusted
 aggressive and willfully disobey authorities
 follow their own rules and repeatedly violate social
and moral conventions

28.  Emotionally Disturbed
 no mental illness
 yet are not able to function well in school and other
settings for a long period of time due to emotional
problems or difficult circumstances

29.  Difficult Circumstances
 children who are abandoned,
neglected and abused
whether physically, verbally
or sexually

30. V. Special Educational Needs
in other Contexts

31. A. Situated in Armed Conflicts

32. B. Members of Minority Groups (extreme poverty
and neglect)

33. American Psychiatric Association, 2013;
Schalock et al., 2010 cited in APA,
http://www.apa.org/pi/disability/resources/publications/newsletter/2016/09/intellectual-disability.aspx)
References