Saini, Yang, Beijing Normal University, Associate Professor; Case Comparison in Typical Vulnerable Regions

1. Global climate change Annual count of naturals disaster (1900-
(1860-2000) 2010)
source： IPCC WG1 2007
（source：EM-DAT）
RECOVERY: Annual economic loss due to natural
disaster(1950-2000)
How to do?
What do do?
Can we do better?

2. Comparison and Collaborative Study of Integrated
Risk Governance Technique and Paradigm for
Typical Vulnerable Areas
 Collaborated with IHDP, Nanyang Technological
University, University of Colorado and University of
Mekelle
 Research Contents
 Early warning (Drought)
 Capacity building (Earthquake)
 Recovery process
 Sponsored by the MOST of China
 2012-2014
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3. 4th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC
Davos 2012
"Integrative Risk Management in a Changing World - Pathways to a Resilient Society"
26-30 August 2012
Davos, Switzerland
Case Study of Post Disaster Recovery
——Greensburg and Wenchuan
Dr. Saini Yang
Beijing Normal University
State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and
3 Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University

4. Study Areas
 Two destructive disasters
 Two devastated areas
 One same goal: a better home
Impacted Area in Wenchuan
Earthquake
Population:
1500 Impacted
Area: 1.5 mi2 population: 50 2012-8-28
(3.9 km2) millions
Impacted area
440,000 km2
4

5. Research on Recovery Process
 Recovery covers a variety of contents.
 Returning vital life-support systems to minimum operating
standards
 Public information
 Health and safety education
 Reconstruction
 Counseling programs
 Economic impact studies
 Recovery is a complex process.
 Regional background
 Direct impact vs. indirect impact
 Short term impact vs. Long term impact
 Multiple stakeholders
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6. Tornado Disaster, Greensburg
 Greensburg
 Kiowa County, Kansas, United States
 In the evening of May
4, 2007, Greensburg was
devastated by an EF5
tornado, with a winds speed of
205 mph (330 km/h).
 At least 95 percent of the city
was demolished and eleven
people killed.
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7. Greensburg, Before and After Disaster
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8. Recovery Planning Procedure
Greensburg Master plan
DOE/EPA The urban
Planning submitted to
fund renewal planning
Team City Council
May-june July August September October November December January
2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2008
January
22,2008,the
Long-term approval of
Initial The first phase
Community More people sustainable
Plan of urban renewal
Recovery involvement; the community
framework and
Plan establishment of recovery
renewable energy plan
the Community Plan
development
Working Group
strategy
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9. Planning Concept - Disaster Recovery and New Development
Improve
resources
utilization
efficiency
and
environment
al
quality
Regroup Join
industry disaster
structure insurance
and replan and build
land use safe
Pattern Re- community
developmen
t Mode
Promote
Restrict
mutual-
entry and
rescue
reinforce
scheme and
prevention
master self-
capacity
rescue skills

10. Recovery planning—The first phase of recovery
planning
Urban renewal framework for Greensburg under the
principle of economic, social, environmental and
sustainable development.
Urgent tasks：
 goals and principles of recovery;
 conceptual design of central area;
 optimized design of zoning ,
infrastructure analysis and land use planning;
 preliminary housing policy recommendations;
 guidance of landscape design for major roads;
 initial energy-saving measures and policies;
 efficient pedestrian community building strategy;
 parks and open space layout .
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11. Recovery planning
—Comprehensive Plan of Sustainable Development
More specific and detailed.
Focused more on the "green" building concept in Greensburg.
A great contribution to the forming of the legal documents for the
recovery of Greensburg .
 Recovery target
 The overall introduction about situation of Greensburg
 Design of the central area
 Convenient pedestrian traffic system
 The environmental performance of buildings
 Disaster prevention and mitigation
 Economic development
 Energy use
 Transportation
 Carbon emissions
 Residential construction
 Public infrastructure
 Parks and green belt construction
 Future land use and policy
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12. Features of Recovery, Greensburg - Public
Involvement
 Intensive public participation in all stages of recovery
 Planning team leaded by the Public Supervise
Committee
 Discuss with design team about the plan in the early three months for local
opinions.
 Participate regular meetings with commercial organizations, the city
council, local green groups, the planning steering committee and other
stakeholders.
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13. Features of Recovery, Greensburg - Sustainable
Development
 Carbon Emission
 Walkable Town
 Green Buildings
 Clean Energy
 Solar energy
 Wind energy
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14. Economic Benefits
 Job opportunities
 Wind farm
 Energy sales
 Energy cost saving
 Energy cost for business incubator building is less
than 50% of a conventional business building
 Lighting power density is reduced by 31%.
 The geothermal heating system will reduce annual
energy costs by more than $3,500 per household.
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15. Wenchuan Earthquake
 Wenchuan earthquake
was a deadly
earthquake that
measured at 8.0 Ms，
killing almost 70,000
people, leaving more
than 10 million people
homeless(Hooker
2008).
 The affected area
exceeding seismic
Huge demand for recovery and
intensity VI totals
reconstruction 2.
440,442 km
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16. Planning Procedure
 June 1, 2008,the State Council set up the “State Council
earthquake relief headquarters of post-disaster recovery
planning group” for “Wenchuan earthquake recovery and
reconstruction master plan”.
Opinions
and
Research suggestions
Scientific The overall Special
Local planning
proof planning Planning
Site
selection
Post-disaster All the affected
reconstruction provinces, cities, count
planning group ies
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17. Policy environment
 By November 2009, 105 relevant policies were
announced by the State and Sichuan Province to
support post-disaster recovery and reconstruction .
finance land use
Comprehensive
tax industry
policy
banking social security
Other supporting policy
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18. Features of Recovery: Paired-assistance Policy
 19 provinces and cities provided no less than 1 % of
its annual fiscal revenue to its assisted county in
Sichuan , Gansu and Shanxi.
 Encourage industries, communities and private
sectors to start business in affected area and
encourage financial agencies provide low-interest
loan to assisting industries.
 By 2011, 4121 paired-assistance projects were
complemented and the financial assistance reached
84.3 billion RMB.
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19. Features of Recovery: Efficiency
Project finished :
Project finished
38,800, 94.34% of the
17,800，41.34% of
plan
the plan Sept. Investment: 885.153
Investment:360.0 2009 billion RMB, 92.37%
billion RMB，36% of
of the total
the total investment
investment.
Jan.
Project finished 2010
21,900，73.88% of April
the plan 2011
Investment:
614.58 billion
RMB，65.48% of
the total investment
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20. Factors Boost Wenchuan Earthquake Recovery
 Institutional strengths of China
 Centralized power;
 The whole country contributes to the earthquake recovery.
 Legal support
 Wenchuan earthquake restoration and reconstruction
ordinance
 Scientific support
 Post-disaster recovery planning group
 Policy support
 Relevant policies by the State Council
 Relevant policies by the provincial government of the affected
areas
 Effective pair-assistance policy
 An important measure to expand domestic demand
 An important index to evaluate government officials
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21. Comparison: Bottom-up and Top-down Modes
Execution
Planning
Procedure
Difference
Planning
Content
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22. Planning Process
Greensburg Wenchuan
Post-disaster
Fund Raising reconstruction
Federal Overall
planning group
Technique Recovery Plan
Government organized by state
Support council
Opinions and
City Coucil Plan Approval Public
suggestions
Recovery
Long-term
design team State Council
Recovery Plan Approval
FEMA Plan
Design Relevant
Special
Company Ministries and
Plan commissions
Residents
Initial Local
Local Recovery
government Local Plan governments in
Plan affected area
FEMA
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23. Contents
Start from details, then categorized and
organized at each level, to achieve the target
of “Green, Energy Saving, Sustainable
Development”
Greensbur Categorized projects into 3 levels by “Recovery
g Value”;
Prioritize in implementation;
Detailed instruction for preparedness, execution
plan and budget.
Leaded by the overall plan published by
the State Council, implemented by local
Wenchua government agencies.
Overall Plan—— a whole picture, guidelines
n Special Plan ——details in specific area
Local Plan ——more details，executable
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24. Execution
Greensburg Wenchuan
• Local initiatives • Decision by central
• Multilateral cooperation government
mechanisms • Paired-assistance policy
• Effectively integrate • Effectively feed the
government needs for
agencies, communities labor, money, resources
and NGOs for recovery;
• Intensive public • Save administrative
involvement is the cost;
crucial for its recovery • Greatly expedite the
process.
recovery process.
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25. Socioeconomic Data
 Greensburg and Mianzhu (friendship city)
Population - Greensburg Median household income - Greensburg
2000 ($)
1500 40000
1000 30000
20000
500
10000
0 0
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
Personal annual income – Mianzhu
Population - Mianzhu
(￥）
520000
8000
518000
6000
516000 4000
514000 2000
512000 0
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
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26. Future Study
 Direct impact vs. Indirect impact
 Short term impact vs. Long term impact
 Policy suggestions
 Approaches for mix-up?
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27. Thank you！
Questions?
yangsaini@bnu.edu.cn
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