http://www.fao.org/gleam/resources/en/ The presentation describes the Global Livestock Environmental Assessment Model interactive (GLEAM-i) tool. GLEAM-i is a user-friendly tool that can be used to support the preparation of greenhouse gas inventories, project design and evaluation, as well as analytical work on emissions. GLEAM-i is based on IPCC-Tier2 computation guidelines and benefits from the in-built GLEAM database of parameters and activity data, which can easily be adapted by the user to match specific conditions. The model covers the main stages of production: herd management, feed and manure management. Users can modify key parameters such as fertility and mortality rates, feed ration composition of the share of each manure management system, effectively impacting emissions. GLEAM-i was designed to support governments, project planners, scientists, producers, industry and civil society organizations working on livestock and climate change. © FAO www.fao.org

1. 2nd December - FAO HQ (Rome)
GLEAM –i Webinar – 31 May 2016
GLEAM-i
An interactive tool to assess GHG emissions
and mitigation potential in the livestock sector
2nd December - FAO HQ (Rome)
Anne Mottet
Livestock Policy Officer
Rubén Martínez
Livestock analyst
GLEAM –i Webinar – 31 May 2016
http://www.fao.org/gleam

2. 2nd December - FAO HQ (Rome)
GLEAM –i Webinar – 31 May 2016
AGA provides support to countries for
developing sustainable livestock policies
Produce disaggregated assessments
Carry out economic analyses
Engage in multi-stakeholder initiatives on
methods and practice change
Pierre Gerber, Henning Steinfeld, Benjamin Henderson, Carolyn Opio, Anne Mottet, Tim Robinson,
Alessandra Falcucci, Giuseppe Tempio, Rubén Martinez, Michael MacLeod (SRUC), Theun Vellinga
(WUR)…
GLEAM –i Webinar – 31 May 2016

3. 2nd December - FAO HQ (Rome)
GLEAM –i Webinar – 31 May 2016
Countries report
about GHG
emissions
3
Manure
management
0.34 Gt
Enteric
fermentation
1.95 Gt
IPCC, 2014

4. 2nd December - FAO HQ (Rome)
GLEAM –i Webinar – 31 May 2016
2nd December - FAO HQ (Rome)
GLEAM - Global Livestock Environment Assessment Model
A GIS tool initially developed to improve the understanding of GHG emissions in livestock
supply chains, extended to natural resource use efficiency: feed, land use, nitrogen…
• Life Cycle Assessment modelling, all steps of production, all major sources of emissions
• Computes livestock production and IPCC Tier 2 emissions at local level (cells on a map)
• Can generate averages and ranges at different scales
• Allows for scenario analysis and assessment of mitigation options
• Developed at FAO, in collaboration with other partners
GLEAM –i Webinar – 31 May 2016

5. 2nd December - FAO HQ (Rome)
GLEAM –i Webinar – 31 May 2016
• IPCC (2006) Tier 2 requires the animal population to be categorized into
distinct cohorts (types, weights, phase of production…)
But data on animal herd structure generally not available
 GLEAM herd module : 6 cohorts
Key production parameters:
mortality, fertility, growth and replacement
rates, age or weight at which animals transfer
between categories (e.g. age at first
parturition); duration of key periods (e.g.
gestation), and the ratio of breeding females
to males.

6. 2nd December - FAO HQ (Rome)
GLEAM –i Webinar – 31 May 2016
• Calculation of animal energy requirement for each cohort (system module)
IPCC (2006) Tier 2 (Equations 10.3 to 10.13)
Gross energy requirement = maintenance + lactation and pregnancy + animal activity +
weight gain and production.
IPCC (2006) does not include equations for calculating the energy requirement of pigs or
poultry
Equations derived from NRC (1998) for pigs, Sakomura (2004) for chickens
• Calculation of feed intake, total feed emissions and land use
Feed intake of each animal category (in kg DM/day) animal’s energy requirement / average
energy content of the ration (feed module)
 GLEAM feed module

7. 2nd December - FAO HQ (Rome)
GLEAM –i Webinar – 31 May 2016
• Calculation of CH4 emissions arising enteric fermentation (Tier 2)
IPCC (2006) provides default enteric methane conversion factor, Ym (% of
gross energy converted to methane)
GLEAM has specific Ym to reflect the wide-ranging diet quality and feeding
characteristics globally:
𝑌 𝑚 𝐶𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑙𝑒 = 9.75 − 0.05 ∙ 𝐷𝐸
𝑌 𝑚 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑝 = 9.75 − 0.05 ∙ 𝐷𝐸
𝑌 𝑚 𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑏<1 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 = 7.75 − 0.05 ∙ 𝐷𝐸
where DE = feed digestibility of the ration
CH4 emission factor:
𝐸𝐹𝐶𝐻4 = 365 ∙ 𝐺𝐸 ∙ 𝑌 𝑚 100 55.65

8. 2nd December - FAO HQ (Rome)
GLEAM –i Webinar – 31 May 2016
• CH4 emissions arising during manure management (Tier 2)
Volatile solids excretion rates: Equation 10.24 IPCC (2006)
Proportion of the volatile solids converted to CH4 during manure management:
Equation 10.23 IPCC (2006)
CH4 conversion factor: IPCC (2006, Table 10A-7)
Proportion of manure managed in each system: official statistics (such as the Annex
1 countries’ National Inventory Reports to the UNFCC), other literature sources and
expert judgement. IPCC systems challenging.
• N2O emissions arising during manure management (Tier 2)
N excretion : Equation 10.31 IPCC (2006) as the difference between intake and
retention. N-intake depends on the feed dry matter intake and the N content per kg
of feed.
Rate of conversion of excreted N to N2O: IPCC (2006) default emission factors for
direct N2O (Table 10.21, IPCC 2006) and indirect via volatilization (Table 10.22, IPCC
2006) + variable leaching rates, depending on the AEZ

9. 2nd December - FAO HQ (Rome)
GLEAM –i Webinar – 31 May 2016
FAO, 2013
EGG
EGGS
Diversity in livestock production systems is
a challenge for GHG emissions reporting
and an opportunity for mitigation

10. 2nd December - FAO HQ (Rome)
GLEAM –i Webinar – 31 May 2016
2nd December - FAO HQ (Rome)
The sector could cut down its emissions by 30%
with already available technologiesand practices
while maintaining or improving production
GLEAM –i Webinar – 31 May 2016

11. 2nd December - FAO HQ (Rome)
GLEAM –i Webinar – 31 May 2016
Source: GLEAM
Feed digestibility for dairy cattle
GLEAM –i Webinar – 31 May 2016

12. 2nd December - FAO HQ (Rome)
GLEAM –i Webinar – 31 May 2016
2nd December - FAO HQ (Rome)
Methane conversion factor for dairy cattle
Source: GLEAM
GLEAM –i Webinar – 31 May 2016

13. 2nd December - FAO HQ (Rome)
GLEAM –i Webinar – 31 May 2016
2nd December - FAO HQ (Rome)
• Calculate emissions from livestock supply chains at national, regional, global levels and
by species and type of production systems
• Ex-ante assessment of technical interventions in the livestock sector (e.g. vaccination
campaigns, feed quality improvements etc.)
• Support the design of Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (e.g. productivity
gains in dairy production in Kenya)
• Support the formulation of investment proposals for CSA (e.g. Ecuador, Niger, Zambia,
Malawi, with GCF formulation)
• Cost-benefit assessment of mitigation options: Mitigation Abatements Cost Curves
(spatially explicit)
GLEAM - Applications
GLEAM –i Webinar – 31 May 2016

14. 2nd December - FAO HQ (Rome)
GLEAM –i Webinar – 31 May 2016
2nd December - FAO HQ (Rome)
GLEAM-i (interactive)
• Publicly available, user-friendly tool for
calculating emissions using IPCC Tier 2
methods in a single Excel file
• Designed to support governments,
project planners and civil society
organizations
• Can be used in the preparation of
national inventories and in ex-ante
evaluation of projects with interventions
in livestock
GLEAM –i Webinar – 31 May 2016

15. 2nd December - FAO HQ (Rome)
GLEAM –i Webinar – 31 May 2016
2nd December - FAO HQ (Rome)
Demo
GLEAM –i Webinar – 31 May 2016